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Pathogens and Global Health May 2020Since the identification of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), sporadic cases and outbreaks were reported in several African countries, on the Indian subcontinent, and in...
Since the identification of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), sporadic cases and outbreaks were reported in several African countries, on the Indian subcontinent, and in south-east Asia. In the last 20 years, there is a growing number of reports of CHIKV infections from African countries, but the overall picture of its circulation at the continent level remains ill-characterized because of under-diagnosis and under-reporting. Moreover, the public health impact of the infection in Africa is generally poorly understood, especially during outbreak situations. Our work has the aim to review available data on CHIKV circulation in Africa to facilitate the understanding of underlying reasons of its increased detection in the African continent.
Topics: Aedes; Africa; Animals; Chikungunya Fever; Chikungunya virus; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Seroepidemiologic Studies
PubMed: 32308158
DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1748965 -
Immunological Investigations Jan 2021: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a global concern, inducing chikungunya fever and trigging an arthritogenic chronic phase beyond some severe forms. Outcomes of CHIKV... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a global concern, inducing chikungunya fever and trigging an arthritogenic chronic phase beyond some severe forms. Outcomes of CHIKV infections in humans are dependent on genetic variations. Here, a systematic review was performed to show evidence of genetic variations on infection outcomes of patients. : Searches were performed in Scopus, SciELO, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, OneFile (GALE), Periódicos CAPES and ScienceDirect Journals databases. The PICOS approach was used to assess the eligibility of records. A meta-analysis was also conducted to show an association between described alleles/genes and CHIKV infection outcome. : Reviews of genetic variants were conducted on genes: and . Studies were performed on Gabon, Singapore, and India, including Indians, Malay, Gabonese and Chinese ethnicities and published between 2009-2017. The meta-analysis was performed with *01; *03; *04; *07; *10; *11; *13; *14 and *15 and *02; *03; *05 and *06 alleles with Indian population sample. Sampling power was >80% and a significant positive association between *14 and CHIKV infection was found (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.04-2.67; = .03). : Majority of the studies were conducted in India. Meta-analysis suggests that *14 is related to the susceptibility of symptomatic CHIKV infection in Indian population. The literature about CHIKV infection and genetic variations is scarce. The precise role of genetic variation in CHIKV is not clear yet. Further studies are necessary to provide more concrete evidences.
Topics: Alleles; Chikungunya Fever; Chikungunya virus; Disease Susceptibility; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Odds Ratio; Patient Outcome Assessment; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prognosis
PubMed: 32204641
DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1733011 -
Pathogens and Global Health May 2020Chikungunya (CHIK) is a re-emerging and myo-arthritogenic arboviral infection that has affected significant global population. However, CHIK is a neglected disease in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Chikungunya (CHIK) is a re-emerging and myo-arthritogenic arboviral infection that has affected significant global population. However, CHIK is a neglected disease in Nigeria. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence pattern of CHIK virus infection in Nigeria. A systematic review of eligible articles was conducted from "PubMed", "Scopus", "Google Scholar" and "Web of Science", between January 1980 to February 2020. Peer-reviewed articles describing CHIKV infection in cross-sectional studies were systematically reviewed. Random-effect model was used to pool the prevalence of CHIKV infection and associated sociodemographic data reported from eligible studies. In total, there were 10 published articles on CHIKV infection. Of these, 7 were cross-sectional studies, which comprised of 1347 pooled participants. The pooled anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG seroprevalence were 26.7% (95% CI: 23.2 - 30.4) and 29.3% (95% CI: 26.2 -32.6), respectively. Of the pooled studies, there were 3.8% (95% CI: 2.0-6.4) CHIKV RNA positive cases and 46.1% prevalence of CHIKV neutralizing antibodies. Of the 6 geopolitical zones in Nigeria, Northeast had the highest serological evidence of CHIKV infection. There was a significance association between the prevalence of anti-CHIKV and geopolitical zones of Nigeria (= 70.04; p˂0.0001). Sex (p ˂0.0001; OR= 1.87 [1.47 - 2.38]) and level of education (p ˂0.0001; OR= 2.74 [1.89 - 3.95]) were significant risk factors for pooled anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity. However, no significant association was found with other sociodemographic variables (p ˃0.05). Although there was paucity of data on CHIKV research in Nigeria, this meta-analysis revealed a high prevalence of CHIKV infection in the country.
Topics: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Chikungunya Fever; Chikungunya virus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Nigeria; Prevalence; Seroepidemiologic Studies
PubMed: 32191166
DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1743087 -
European Journal of Clinical... May 2020The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliographic survey and correlates the presence of arboviroses in the eyeball with the main eye changes presented by the...
The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliographic survey and correlates the presence of arboviroses in the eyeball with the main eye changes presented by the population under study. This study is a systematic review of journals and indexed articles, carried out between January 2019 and June 2019, in which there was a query in the Pubmed/Medline and Scielo databases without temporal restriction. In addition to the aforementioned databases, the Brazilian Association of Organ Transplantation Association database, which provides epidemiological data on organ and tissue transplants in Brazil, was used as a research source. The Midwest region contributed to the increase in the number of organ transplants in Brazil. The number of corneal transplants in Brazil surpassed the number of organ transplants by four times. Several ophthalmic changes associated with Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika virus infections have been diagnosed; however, few studies have identified the presence of the virus in the eyeball. Arboviruses are of great relevance to public health due to a number of factors, ranging from the diversity of infectious agents involved and the plurality of clinical manifestations because the absence of efficient laboratory support, leading to delayed disease confirmation due to lack of differential diagnostics available. Added to these difficulties is the lack of specific therapy, leaving only the symptomatic control of clinical manifestations as the only treatment option. However, the manifestations are directly associated with the decreased quality of vision and consequently the quality of life of patients.
Topics: Aqueous Humor; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Brazil; Chikungunya virus; Corneal Transplantation; Dengue Virus; Eye; Humans; Public Health; Vitreous Body; Zika Virus
PubMed: 31863236
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03792-9 -
Journal of Medical Entomology Feb 2020Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to reach a consensus on whether infected and uninfected mosquitoes respond differently to repellents. After... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to reach a consensus on whether infected and uninfected mosquitoes respond differently to repellents. After screening 2,316 published studies, theses, and conference abstracts, we identified 18 studies that tested whether infection status modulated the effectiveness of repellents. Thirteen of these studies had outcomes available for meta-analysis, and overall, seven repellents were tested (typically DEET with 62% of outcomes), six mosquito species had repellence behaviors measured (typically Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes with 71% of outcomes), and a broad diversity of infections were tested including Sindbis virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) (33% of outcomes), Dengue (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) (31%), malaria (Plasmodium berghei Vincke & Lips (Haemospororida: Plasmodiidae) or P. falciparum Welch (Haemospororida: Plasmodiidae); 25%), Zika (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) (7%), and microsporidia (4%). Pooling all outcomes with meta-analysis, we found that repellents were less effective against infected mosquitoes-marking an average 62% reduction in protective efficacy relative to uninfected mosquitoes (pooled odds ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval = 0.22-0.66; k = 96). Older infected mosquitoes were also more likely to show altered responses and loss of sensitivity to repellents, emphasizing the challenge of distinguishing between age or incubation period effects. Plasmodium- or Dengue-infected mosquitoes also did not show altered responses to repellents; however, Dengue-mosquito systems used inoculation practices that can introduce variability in repellency responses. Given our findings that repellents offer less protection against infected mosquitoes and that these vectors are the most dangerous in terms of disease transmission, then trials on repellent effectiveness should incorporate infected mosquitoes to improve predictability in blocking vector-human contact.
Topics: Aedes; Animals; Anopheles; Culex; Insect Repellents; Mosquito Control; Mosquito Vectors
PubMed: 31755530
DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz209