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Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jan 2023L-carnosine has been found to have multimodal activity. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
L-carnosine has been found to have multimodal activity.
AIM
The aim of this review was to find out the efficacy of L-carnosine in patients with age-related diseases.
METHODS
Clinical studies evaluated the effect of L-carnosine on cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders were searched in electronic bibliographic databases. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022314033). The revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess all of the reports for risk of bias. RevMan 5.4 was used to conduct the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Following the screening process, 14 papers were selected for systematic review, with 9 of them being qualified for meta-analysis. Many of the included studies showed that L-carnosine has potential therapeutic activity in age related diseases. Results from the meta-analysis showed that in diabetes mellitus, HbA1c [mean difference (MD) 95% CI = -1.25 (-2.49, -0.022); = 0.05; = 0.001; I2 = 85%] and fasting blood sugar (FBS) [MD 95% CI = -12.44 (-22.44, -2.44); = 0.01; = 0.40; I2 = 0%] and in neurodegenerative disorder, Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory 2 (WMS-LM2) [MD 95% CI = 1.34 (0.83, 1.85); 0.00001; = 0.43; I2 = 0%], showed statistically significant difference, favoring the L-carnosine group over the control group. While in neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer 's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) [MD 95% CI = 0.98 (-1.55, -0.42); = 0.0007; = 0.86; I2 = 0%] and Back Depression Inventory (BDI) [MD 95% CI = -1.12 (-1.87, -0.37); = 0.003; = 0.73; I2 = 0%] showed statistically significant difference, favoring the control group over L-carnosine group.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinical studies were conducted to manage chemotherapy induced toxicities and there are no clinical studies available for its anti-cancer use, and the current evidence does not support its use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Humans; Aging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnosine
PubMed: 36722274
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2801018 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Clinical and preclinical studies suggested that certain mutagens occurring as a reaction of creatine, amino acids, and sugar during the high temperature of cooking meat...
BACKGROUND
Clinical and preclinical studies suggested that certain mutagens occurring as a reaction of creatine, amino acids, and sugar during the high temperature of cooking meat are involved in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether meat mutagens [PhIP, MeIQx, DiMeIQx, total HCA, and B(a)P] present a risk factor for human cancer.
METHODS
We searched the following databases for relevant articles published from inception to 10 Oct 2021 with no language restrictions: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Baidu Academic, Zhejiang Digital Library. Two independent researchers screened all titles and obtained eligible texts for further screening. Independent data extraction was conducted, and meta-analysis was carried out using random-effects models to calculate the risk ratio of the meat mutagens exposure.
RESULTS
A total of 1,786,410 participants and 70,653 cancer cases were identified. Among these, there were 12 different types of cancer at various sites, i.e., breast, bladder, colorectal, colon, rectum, prostate, lung, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, kidney, gastric, esophagus, pancreatic, hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer risk was significantly increased by intake of PhIP (OR = 1.13;95% CI 1.07-1.21; < 0.001), MeIQx (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.07-1.21; < 0.001), DiMeIQx (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.13; = 0.013), total HCA (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03-1.38; = 0.016), and cancer risk was not significantly increased by intake of B(a)P (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.98-1.10; = 0.206).
CONCLUSION
Meat mutagens of PhIP, MeIQx, DiMeIQx, and total HCA have a positive association with the risk of cancer.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
[www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022148856].
PubMed: 36211500
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962688 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2024Acrylamide (AA) is a toxic substance formed in many carbohydrate-rich food products, whose formation can be reduced by adding some additives. Furthermore, the type of...
Acrylamide (AA) is a toxic substance formed in many carbohydrate-rich food products, whose formation can be reduced by adding some additives. Furthermore, the type of food consumed determines the AA intake. According to the compiled information, the first route causing AA formation is the Maillard reaction. Some interventions, such as reducing AA precursors in raw materials, (i.e., asparagine), reducing sugars, or decreasing temperature and processing time can be applied to limit AA formation in food products. The L-asparaginase is more widely used in potato products. Also, coatings loaded with proteins, enzymes, and phenolic compounds are new techniques for reducing AA content. Enzymes have a reducing effect on AA formation by acting on asparagine; proteins by competing with amino acids to participate in Maillard, and phenolic compounds through their radical scavenging activity. On the other hand, some synthetic and natural additives increase the formation of AA. Due to the high exposure to AA and its toxic effects, it is essential to recognize suitable food additives to reduce the health risks for consumers. In this sense, this study focuses on different additives that are proven to be effective in the reduction or formation of AA in food products.
Topics: Asparagine; Acrylamide; Hot Temperature; Carbohydrates; Asparaginase; Maillard Reaction
PubMed: 36194060
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2126428 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022With osteoarthritis being the most common degenerative disease in pet animals, a very broad panel of natural health products is available on the market for its... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
With osteoarthritis being the most common degenerative disease in pet animals, a very broad panel of natural health products is available on the market for its management. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis, registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021279368), was to test for the evidence of clinical analgesia efficacy of fortified foods and nutraceuticals administered in dogs and cats affected by osteoarthritis. In four electronic bibliographic databases, 1578 publications were retrieved plus 20 additional publications from internal sources. Fifty-seven articles were included, comprising 72 trials divided into nine different categories of natural health compound. The efficacy assessment, associated to the level of quality of each trial, presented an evident clinical analgesic efficacy for omega-3-enriched diets, omega-3 supplements and cannabidiol (to a lesser degree). Our analyses showed a weak efficacy of collagen and a very marked non-effect of chondroitin-glucosamine nutraceuticals, which leads us to recommend that the latter products should no longer be recommended for pain management in canine and feline osteoarthritis.
Topics: Animals; Biological Products; Cannabidiol; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chondroitin; Collagen; Dietary Supplements; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Glucosamine; Osteoarthritis
PubMed: 36142319
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810384 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022This analysis was aimed at providing evidence-based medicine basis for systematic evaluation of chondroitin combined with glucosamine in the treatment of knee... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This analysis was aimed at providing evidence-based medicine basis for systematic evaluation of chondroitin combined with glucosamine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS
The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of chondroitin combined with glucosamine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Network Database (CNKI), China VIP Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) online database. The retrieval time ranges from the database creation to the present. Two investigators gathered the information individually. The risk of bias was assessed using the criteria of the Cochrane back review group. RevMan5.4 statistical software analyzed the selected data.
RESULTS
A total of 6 RCT articles were obtained. Overall, 764 samples were evaluated by meta-analysis. The clinical efficacy of chondroitin combined with glucosamine was significantly better than that of routine treatment by meta-analysis. The confidence interval of 95% was (4.86, 17.08) ( = 6.89, < 0.00001). The scores of joint pain, tenderness, swelling, and dysfunction in patients with knee osteoarthritis treated with chondroitin combined with glucosamine were significantly lower than those treated with routine treatment. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between chondroitin combined with glucosamine and single treatment of KOA. Due to the small number of documents included in the analysis, it is not suitable to make a funnel chart, but there may be some publication deviation in the analysis.
CONCLUSION
Chondroitin combined with glucosamine is more effective than chondroitin or glucosamine alone in the treatment of KOA and deserves clinical promotion. However, this conclusion still needs to be supported by multicenter, high-quality, double-blind, large-sample randomized controlled clinical trials due to the limitations of the six trials included.
Topics: China; Chondroitin; Glucosamine; Humans; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35924114
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5285244 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Nov 2023Over the last 30 years, thousands of articles have appeared examining the effects of soaking and germinating brown rice (BR). Variable germination conditions and...
Over the last 30 years, thousands of articles have appeared examining the effects of soaking and germinating brown rice (BR). Variable germination conditions and methods have been employed to measure different health-beneficial parameters in a diverse germplasm of BR. Research results may therefore appear inconsistent with occasional anomalies, and it may be difficult to reach consensus concerning expected trends. Herein, we amassed a comprehensive review on germinated brown rice (GBR), attempting to codify 133 peer-reviewed articles regarding the effects on 164 chemical parameters related to health and nutrition in BR and in value-added food products. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-2020) approach was used to direct the flow of the literature search. A pair-wise comparison t-test was performed to deliver an overall approach indicating when a given compound has been found to significantly increase or decrease through germination, which was grouped into GABA and polyamines, γ-Oryzanol and phytosterols, phenolic compounds, vitamins, proteins and amino acids, starchy carbohydrates, free sugars, lipids, minerals and phytic acid. This resource will stimulate interest in germinating rice and optimistically help increase both production and consumption of highly nutritious, health-beneficial rice with pigmented bran.
Topics: Oryza; Antioxidants; Food Handling; Minerals; Seeds; Germination
PubMed: 35816149
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2094887 -
Biomolecules Apr 2022Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are heterogeneous compounds formed when excess sugars condense with the amino groups of nucleic acids and proteins. Increased AGEs... (Review)
Review
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are heterogeneous compounds formed when excess sugars condense with the amino groups of nucleic acids and proteins. Increased AGEs are associated with insulin resistance and poor glycemic control. Recently, inflamed periodontal tissues and certain oral bacteria were observed to increase the local and systemic AGE levels in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic individuals. Although hyperglycemia induced AGE and its effect on the periodontal tissues is known, periodontitis as an endogenous source of AGE formation is not well explored. Hence, this systematic review is aimed to explore, for the first time, whether inflamed periodontal tissues and periodontal pathogens have the capacity to modulate AGE levels in individuals with or without T2DM and how this affects the glycemic load. Six electronic databases were searched using the following keywords: (Periodontitis OR Periodontal disease OR Periodontal Inflammation) AND (Diabetes mellitus OR Hyperglycemia OR Insulin resistance) AND Advanced glycation end products. The results yielded 1140 articles, of which 13 articles were included for the review. The results showed that the mean AGE levels in gingival crevicular fluid was higher in individuals with diabetes mellitus and periodontitis (521.9 pg/mL) compared to healthy individuals with periodontitis (234.84 pg/mL). The serum AGE levels in normoglycemic subjects having periodontitis was higher compared to those without periodontitis (15.91 ng/mL vs. 6.60 ng/mL). Tannerella forsythia, a common gram-negative anaerobe periodontal pathogen in the oral biofilm, was observed to produce methylglyoxal (precursor of AGE) in the gingival tissues. Increased AGE deposition and activate of AGE receptors was noted in the presence of periodontitis in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic individuals. Hence, it can be concluded that periodontitis can modulate the local and systemic levels of AGE levels even in absence of hyperglycemia. This explains the bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and development of prediabetes, incident diabetes, poor glycemic control, and insulin resistance.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin Resistance; Periodontitis; Periodontium
PubMed: 35625570
DOI: 10.3390/biom12050642 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Mammalian neuraminidases (NEUs), also known as sialidases, are enzymes that cleave off the terminal neuraminic, or sialic, acid resides from the carbohydrate moieties of...
Mammalian neuraminidases (NEUs), also known as sialidases, are enzymes that cleave off the terminal neuraminic, or sialic, acid resides from the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids and glycoproteins. A rapidly growing body of literature indicates that in addition to their metabolic functions, NEUs also regulate the activity of their glycoprotein targets. The simple post-translational modification of NEU protein targets-removal of the highly electronegative sialic acid-affects protein folding, alters protein interactions with their ligands, and exposes or covers proteolytic sites. Through such effects, NEUs regulate the downstream processes in which their glycoprotein targets participate. A major target of desialylation by NEUs are mucins (MUCs), and such post-translational modification contributes to regulation of disease processes. In this review, we focus on the regulatory roles of NEU-modified MUCs as coordinators of disease pathogenesis in fibrotic, inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Special attention is placed on the most abundant and best studied NEU1, and its recently discovered important target, mucin-1 (MUC1). The role of the NEU1 - MUC1 axis in disease pathogenesis is discussed, along with regulatory contributions from other MUCs and other pathophysiologically important NEU targets.
Topics: Animals; Glycoproteins; Immune System Diseases; Mammals; Mucins; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Neuraminidase
PubMed: 35479093
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883079 -
BMJ Open Apr 2022To determine the accuracy of metabolomics in predicting hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the accuracy of metabolomics in predicting hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
DESIGN
Systematic review of observational studies.
DATA SOURCES AND STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
An electronic literature search was performed in June 2019 and February 2022. Two researchers independently selected studies published between 1998 and 2022 on metabolomic techniques applied to predict the condition; subsequently, they extracted data and performed quality assessment. Discrepancies were dealt with a third reviewer. The primary outcome was pre-eclampsia. Cohort or case-control studies were eligible when maternal samples were taken before diagnosis of the hypertensive disorder.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS
Data on study design, maternal characteristics, how hypertension was diagnosed, metabolomics details and metabolites, and accuracy were independently extracted by two authors.
RESULTS
Among 4613 initially identified studies on metabolomics, 68 were read in full text and 32 articles were included. Studies were excluded due to duplicated data, study design or lack of identification of metabolites. Metabolomics was applied mainly in the second trimester; the most common technique was liquid-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Among the 122 different metabolites found, there were 23 amino acids and 21 fatty acids. Most of the metabolites were involved with ammonia recycling; amino acid metabolism; arachidonic acid metabolism; lipid transport, metabolism and peroxidation; fatty acid metabolism; cell signalling; galactose metabolism; nucleotide sugars metabolism; lactose degradation; and glycerolipid metabolism. Only citrate was a common metabolite for prediction of early-onset and late-onset pre-eclampsia. Vitamin D was the only metabolite in common for pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension prediction. Meta-analysis was not performed due to lack of appropriate standardised data.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Metabolite signatures may contribute to further insights into the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and support screening tests. Nevertheless, it is mandatory to validate such methods in larger studies with a heterogeneous population to ascertain the potential for their use in clinical practice.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42018097409.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35470187
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054697 -
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... Jan 2023Though glucosamine and chondroitin have become common practices for treating knee osteoarthritis, the clinical value of these two drugs in combination are still... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
Though glucosamine and chondroitin have become common practices for treating knee osteoarthritis, the clinical value of these two drugs in combination are still questionable. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of glucosamine (GS) and chondroitin (CS) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) treatment.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), OVID, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), CBM, CNKI, WanFang and VIP from their inception to August 20, 2020, for literature concerning the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin in knee osteoarthritis treatment. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias and Jadad scale were used to evaluate the risk of bias and quality of literature. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software.
RESULTS
Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, including 7 studies in English and 1 study in Chinese. While the number of included papers was quite limited, the number of participants was decent, and quality appraisal result is acceptable. The total number of patients was 3793, with 1067 patients receiving a combination of glucosamine and chondroitin and 2726 patients receiving other treatments. The meta-analysis results revealed the following: (1) Regarding the total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score, compared with the placebo group, the combination group showed a statistically significant advantage [MD = - 12.04 (- 22.33 ~ - 1.75); P = 0.02], while the other groups showed no significance. (2) Regarding the VAS score, none of the comparisons showed significance. (3) In the secondary outcomes, except the comparison of JSN between the combination and placebo groups (MD = - 0.09 (- 0.18 ~ - 0.00); P = 0.04) and the comparison of the WOMAC stiffness score between the combination and CS groups [MD = - 4.70 (- 8.57 ~ - 0.83); P = 0.02], none of the comparisons showed a significant difference. (4)Safety analysis results show that none of the comparisons have significant differences.
CONCLUSION
Our study confirmed that the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin is effective and superior to other treatments in knee osteoarthritis to a certain extent. It is worthwhile to popularize and apply the combination in KOA treatment considering the point of effect, tolerability and economic costs. Additionally, regarding the limited number of studies and uneven trial quality, more high-quality trials are required to investigate the accurate clinical advantages of the combination.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION ID
CRD42020202093.
Topics: Humans; Chondroitin; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Glucosamine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35024906
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-04326-9