-
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024is one of the world's leading causes of zoonotic and foodborne illnesses. Recently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most critical challenges to... (Review)
Review
is one of the world's leading causes of zoonotic and foodborne illnesses. Recently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most critical challenges to public health and food safety. Herein, we employed a meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence and spatiotemporal distribution of serovars and antimicrobial resistance in NTS in Burkina Faso. To find eligible articles, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, African Journals Online, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the gray literature (university libraries) in Burkina was conducted for the period from 2008 to 2020. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and assessed for risk of bias. To assess the temporal and spatial relationships between serotypes and resistant strains from humans, animals, food, and the environment, a random-effects statistical model meta-analysis was carried out using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.0 program. The NTS prevalence rates were 4.6% (95% CI: 3-7) and 20.1% (95% CI: 6.6-47.4) in humans and animals, respectively, and 16.8% (95% CI: 10.5-25.8) and 15.6% (95% CI: 8.2-27.5) in food and the environment, respectively. Most NTS serovars were Derby, reported both in food and animals, and Typhimurium, reported in humans, while Croft II, Jodpur II, and Kentucky were the most prevalent in the environment. NTS isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin, cefixime, and cephalothin, with a pooled prevalence of multidrug resistance of 29% (95% CI: 14.5-49.5). The results of this review show a high diversity of serotypes, as well as high antibiotic resistance in isolates from animal, human, food, and environmental samples in Burkina, calling for a consolidated "One Health" approach to better understand the drivers of pathogen emergence, spread, and antimicrobial resistance, as well as the formulation of intervention measures needed to limit the risk associated with the disease.
PubMed: 38927222
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060556 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The issue of bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients has received increasing attention. Scant data are available on the impact of bacterial superinfection and... (Review)
Review
The issue of bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients has received increasing attention. Scant data are available on the impact of bacterial superinfection and antibiotic administration on the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We conducted a literature review from 1 January 2022 to 31 March 2024 to assess the current burden of bacterial infection and the evidence for antibiotic use in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Published articles providing data on antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients were identified through computerized literature searches with the search terms [(antibiotic) AND (COVID-19)] or [(antibiotic treatment) AND (COVID-19)]. PubMed and SCOPUS databases were searched from 1 January 2022 to 31 March 2024. No attempt was made to obtain information about unpublished studies. English language restriction was applied. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by the tool recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Both quantitative and qualitative information were summarized by means of textual descriptions. Five hundred fifty-one studies were identified, and twenty-nine studies were included in this systematic review. Of the 29 included studies, 18 studies were on the prevalence of bacterial infection and antibiotic use in hospitalized COVID-19 patients; 4 studies reported on the efficacy of early antibiotic use in COVID-19; 4 studies were on the use of sepsis biomarkers to improve antibiotic use; 3 studies were on the efficacy of antimicrobial stewardship programs and predictive models among COVID-19-hospitalized patients. The quality of included studies was high in 35% and medium in 62%. High rates of hospital-acquired infections were reported among COVID-19 patients, ranging between 7.5 and 37.7%. A high antibiotic resistance rate was reported among COVID-19 patients developing hospital-acquired infections, with a high in-hospital mortality rate. The studies evaluating multi-faceted antimicrobial stewardship interventions reported efficacy in decreasing antibiotic consumption and lower in-hospital mortality.
PubMed: 38927211
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060545 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Street food may be a vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to humans. Foods contaminated with ARB entail serious problems... (Review)
Review
Street food may be a vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to humans. Foods contaminated with ARB entail serious problems or challenges in the fields of medical care, animal husbandry, food industry, and public health worldwide. The objectives of this systematic review were to identify and evaluate scientific reports associated with ARB isolated from various street foods. "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis" (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The bibliographic material covers a period from January 2015 to April 2024. Six electronic scientific databases were searched individually for full-text articles; only those papers that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Seventeen papers were included in this systematic review. This study highlighted the wide distribution of ARB resistant to β-lactams and other antibiotics, posing significant health risks to consumers. High resistance levels were observed for antibiotics such as ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline, while some antibiotics, such as ceftazidime, clavulanic acid, cefoperazone, cotrimoxazole, doxycycline, doripenem, fosfomycin, vancomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam, demonstrated 100% susceptibility. The prevalence of ARB in street foods varied between 5.2% and 70.8% among different countries. The multiple resistance of various bacteria, including , , , and , to multiple classes of antibiotics, as well as environmental factors contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR), emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive approaches and coordinated efforts to confront antimicrobial resistance (AMR) under the "One Health" paradigm.
PubMed: 38927148
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060481 -
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Jun 2024Non-typhoidal (NTS) bacteremia is common in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the prevalence of antibiotic resistance to fluoroquinolones, third-generation... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Non-typhoidal (NTS) bacteremia is common in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the prevalence of antibiotic resistance to fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) in NTS human isolates from sub-Saharan Africa.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using a search in Ovid Medline, Embase, and African Index Medicus of publications between 2000 and 2021. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed using data from 66 studies that included 29,039 NTS blood and 1,065 stool isolates.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence proportions of MDR were 0.685 (95% CI 0.574-0.778) and 0.214 (0.020-0.785) in blood vs. stool isolates. The corresponding estimates of fluoroquinolones resistance were 0.014 (0.008-0.025) vs. 0.021 (0.012-0.036) and third-generation cephalosporins resistance 0.019 (0.012-0.031) vs. 0.035 (0.006-0.185). Similar results were found for children and adults. Resistance prevalence to these antibiotics in blood isolates increased between 2000-2010 and 2011-2021. The guidelines employed to determine antimicrobial resistance and epidemiological characteristics (e.g. sample size, study duration) correlated with the resistance prevalence.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of MDR and resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins in NTS in sub-Saharan Africa is alarming.
EXPERT OPINION
Standardized surveillance of antimicrobial drug resistance in NTS in sub-Saharan Africa is warranted to guide healthcare policymaking and antibiotic stewardship programs.
PubMed: 38922636
DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2368989 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Mar 2024Uropathogenic is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Uropathogenic is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant uropathogenic among Iranian children with confirmed bacterial UTIs from 2012 to 2022.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, MagIran, Iranian Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, and Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology. The antibiotic-specific pooled prevalence estimates were calculated by applying a random-effects model. Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine transformation was applied. I-squared statistic, and Cochran's Q test were computed and meta-regression was conducted on latitude of sampling location.
RESULTS
The literature search retrieved 2159 articles, among which 19 articles were included. The highest antibiotic resistance was related to doxycycline, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cefuroxime, and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, 59%, 57%, 54%, 53%, and 52%, respectively. Meta-regression on the latitude was statistically significant for nitrofurantoin (=0.05).
CONCLUSION
Resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains were observed in the majority of confirmed bacterial UTIs among Iranian children. The most effective antibiotics for uropathogens were colistin, meropenem, and imipenem.
PubMed: 38919304
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i3.15133 -
Clinical Epigenetics Jun 2024Gastrointestinal malignancies encompass a diverse group of cancers that pose significant challenges to global health. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal malignancies encompass a diverse group of cancers that pose significant challenges to global health. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a pivotal role in immune surveillance, orchestrating the recognition and elimination of tumor cells by the immune system. However, the intricate regulation of MHC gene expression is susceptible to dynamic epigenetic modification, which can influence functionality and pathological outcomes.
MAIN BODY
By understanding the epigenetic alterations that drive MHC downregulation, insights are gained into the molecular mechanisms underlying immune escape, tumor progression, and immunotherapy resistance. This systematic review examines the current literature on epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to MHC deregulation in esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, hepatic and colorectal malignancies. Potential clinical implications are discussed of targeting aberrant epigenetic modifications to restore MHC expression and 0 the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic interventions.
CONCLUSION
The integration of epigenetic-targeted therapies with immunotherapies holds great potential for improving clinical outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies and represents a compelling avenue for future research and therapeutic development.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Epigenesis, Genetic; Major Histocompatibility Complex; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Immunotherapy; DNA Methylation; Tumor Escape
PubMed: 38915093
DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01698-8 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Colistin is used as a last resort for managing infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the high emergence of colistin-resistant strains has...
BACKGROUND
Colistin is used as a last resort for managing infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the high emergence of colistin-resistant strains has restricted the clinical use of this antibiotic in the clinical setting. In the present study, we evaluated the global prevalence of the mutation in the gene, one of the most important mechanisms of colistin resistance in .
METHODS
Several databases, including Scopus, Medline (via PubMed), and Web of Science, were searched (until August 2023) to identify those studies that address the mutation in clinical isolates of . Using Stata software, the pooled prevalence of mutation and subgroup analyses for the year of publication, country, continent, mutation types, and detection methods of mutation were analyzed.
RESULTS
Out of the 115 studies included in the analysis, the prevalence of mutations in colistin-resistant isolates was estimated at 65% of isolates, and variations with insertional inactivation had the highest prevalence among the five investigated mutations with 69%. The year subgroup analysis indicated an increase in mutated from 46% in 2014 to 61% in 2022. Europe had the highest prevalence of mutated at 73%, while Africa had the lowest at 54%.
CONCLUSION
Mutations in the gene are reported as one of the most common mechanisms of colistin resistance in and the results of the present study showed that 65% of the reported colistin-resistant had a mutation in this gene.
PubMed: 38912352
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386478 -
Preventive Medicine Jun 2024This study aims to explore dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding antibiotic use. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to explore dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding antibiotic use.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of dentists' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding antibiotic use, by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science for all original paper published from January 1990 to July 2023, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines.
RESULTS
The review included 37 papers, (7 qualitative and 30 quantitative studies). Modifiable factors (knowledge, attitudes) were reported as being associated with antibiotic prescribing by dentists which were cited in 30 of the 37. These attitudes most frequently identified by dentists were: complacency (22/29); lack of trust (16/29); the need to postpone the dental procedure (17/29); and fear (8/29). Gaps in knowledge were also identified (15/29). Only one of the included articles quantified the influence between the reported modifiable factors and antibiotic prescribing.
CONCLUSIONS
The review emphasizes that dentists' antibiotic prescribing is predominantly influenced by modifiable factors. This insight informs the potential for targeted interventions to curtail inappropriate antibiotic use, contributing to global efforts in reducing antibiotic resistance. The protocol of this systematic review can be found in PROSPERO under registration no. CRD42021253937.
PubMed: 38901743
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108043 -
Helicobacter 2024Due to irregular antibiotic use, the rate of antibiotic resistance to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is increasing and varies from region to region. Therefore, for the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Due to irregular antibiotic use, the rate of antibiotic resistance to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is increasing and varies from region to region. Therefore, for the purpose of further clarifying the changes in antibiotic resistance rates nowadays, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to update and assess the 10-year trend of primary H. pylori antibiotic resistance rate to the commonly prescribed antibiotics worldwide.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
According to the PRISMA statement, we systematically searched electronic databases for studies that assessed rates of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, or tetracycline published from 2013 to 2023. AHRQ was adopted to estimate methodological quality and publication bias in the included studies, and statistical analysis was performed using Stata 17.0.
RESULTS
We identified 163 studies, comprising 47,002 isolates from 36 countries. The meta-analysis showed that the primary antibiotic resistance rate of H. pylori varied widely among antibiotics. Subgroup analysis showed higher rates of antibiotic resistance in the adult population than in children, and a general trend of increased resistance was observed from 2013 to 2023. There was considerable heterogeneity (I > 75%) among all analyses, which may be due to high variability in resistance rates across the global regions.
CONCLUSIONS
Resistance of H. pylori to antibiotics has reached alarming levels worldwide, which has a great effect on the efficacy of treatment. Local surveillance networks are required to select appropriate eradication regimens for each region.
Topics: Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Helicobacter Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Global Health
PubMed: 38898622
DOI: 10.1111/hel.13103 -
Technology and Health Care : Official... May 2024The widespread use of antibiotics has led to a gradual adaptation of bacteria to these drugs, diminishing the effectiveness of treatments. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The widespread use of antibiotics has led to a gradual adaptation of bacteria to these drugs, diminishing the effectiveness of treatments.
OBJECTIVE
To comprehensively assess the research progress of antibiotic resistance prediction models based on machine learning (ML) algorithms, providing the latest quantitative analysis and methodological evaluation.
METHODS
Relevant literature was systematically retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library, from inception up to December 2023. Studies meeting predefined criteria were selected for inclusion. The prediction model risk of bias assessment tool was employed for methodological quality assessment, and a random-effects model was utilised for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The systematic review included a total of 22 studies with a combined sample size of 43,628; 10 studies were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Commonly used ML algorithms included random forest, decision trees and neural networks. Frequently utilised predictive variables encompassed demographics, drug use history and underlying diseases. The overall sensitivity was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.42-0.70; p< 0.001; I2= 99.7%), the specificity was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.79-0.99; p< 0.001; I2 = 99.9%), the positive likelihood ratio was 10.7 (95% CI: 2.9-39.5), the negative likelihood ratio was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.34-0.61), the diagnostic odds ratio was 23 (95% CI: 7-81) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.74-0.81; p< 0.001), indicating a good discriminative ability of ML models for antibiotic resistance. However, methodological assessment and funnel plots suggested a high risk of bias and publication bias in the included studies.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis provides a current and comprehensive evaluation of ML models for predicting antibiotic resistance, emphasising their potential application in clinical practice. Nevertheless, stringent research design and reporting are warranted to enhance the quality and credibility of future studies. Future research should focus on methodological innovation and incorporate more high-quality studies to further advance this field.
PubMed: 38875058
DOI: 10.3233/THC-240119