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Aging & Mental Health Jun 2024To systematically evaluate the effects of telehealth interventions on the caregiver burden and mental health of caregivers for people with dementia (PWD). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To systematically evaluate the effects of telehealth interventions on the caregiver burden and mental health of caregivers for people with dementia (PWD).
METHOD
Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of telehealth interventions on caregivers were extracted from nine electronic databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP). The retrieval time was from inception to 26 July 2023.
RESULTS
Twenty-two articles with 2132 subjects were included in the final analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that telehealth interventions exerted a significant effect in reducing caregiver burden (SMD: -0.14, 95 % CI: -0.25, -0.02, = 0.02), depression (SMD = -0.17; 95%CI: -0.27, -0.07, < 0.001) and stress (SMD = -0.20, 95%CI: -0.37, -0.04, = 0.01). However, no statistically significant effect was observed on anxiety (SMD = -0.12, 95%CI: -0.27, 0.03, = 0.12). Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that tailored interventions were associated with more evident reductions in depression (SMD = -0.26; 95%CI: -0.40, -0.13, < 0.001) than standardized interventions (SMD = -0.08; 95%CI: -0.22, 0.06, = 0.25). In addition, telehealth was effective in relieving depression in Internet-based (SMD = -0.17, 95%CI: -0.30, -0.03, = 0.01) and Telephone-based group (SMD = -0.18, 95%CI: -0.34, -0.02, = 0.03), while there was no significant difference in the Internet and Telephone-based group (SMD = -0.18, 95%CI: -0.54, 0.18, = 0.32).
CONCLUSION
Telehealth could effectively reduce the burden and relieve the depression and stress of caregivers of PWD, while its effect on anxiety requires further research. Overall, telehealth has potential benefits in dementia care.
PubMed: 38946249
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2371480 -
Journal of Anxiety Disorders Jun 2024This review evaluates randomized controlled trials (RCTs) intervening on adult state anxiety (fear and emotional distress during dental treatment), chronic dental... (Review)
Review
This review evaluates randomized controlled trials (RCTs) intervening on adult state anxiety (fear and emotional distress during dental treatment), chronic dental (trait) anxiety or dental phobia (disproportionately high trait anxiety; meeting diagnostic criteria for specific phobia). Seven online databases were systematically searched. 173 RCTs met inclusion criteria, of which 67 qualified for 14 pooled analyses. To alleviate state anxiety during oral surgery, moderate-certainty evidence supports employing hypnosis (SMD=-0.31, 95 %CI[-0.56,-0.05]), and low-certainty evidence supports prescribing benzodiazepines (SMD=-0.43, [-0.74,-0.12]). Evidence for reducing state anxiety is inconclusive regarding psychotherapy, and does not support virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), virtual reality distraction, music, aromatherapy, video information and acupuncture. To reduce trait anxiety, moderate-certainty evidence supports using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT; SMD=-0.65, [-1.06, -0.24]). Regarding dental phobia, evidence with low-to-moderate certainty supports employing psychotherapy (SMD=-0.48, [-0.72,-0.24]), and CBT specifically (SMD=-0.43, [-0.68,-0.17]), but not VRET. These results show that dental anxieties are manageable and treatable. Clinicians should ensure that interventions match their purpose-managing acute emotions during treatment, or alleviating chronic anxiety and avoidance tendencies. Existing research gaps underscore the necessity for future trials to minimize bias and follow CONSORT reporting guidelines.
PubMed: 38945067
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102891 -
Impact of spiritual interventions in individuals with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European Journal of Oncology Nursing :... Jun 2024This meta-analysis aimed to determine how spiritual interventions affect cancer patients' physical, emotional, and spiritual outcomes and quality of life.
PURPOSE
This meta-analysis aimed to determine how spiritual interventions affect cancer patients' physical, emotional, and spiritual outcomes and quality of life.
METHODS
Between 2012 and May 2024, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched considering the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Twenty-six randomized controlled trials were included, and 16 were synthesized in the meta-analysis. Bias risk was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias methodology for randomized studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations tool was employed for evidence certainty. Heterogeneity was expressed through I and Q statistics. Hedge's g was calculated for effect sizes. Egger's and Kendall's Tau were used for publication bias.
RESULTS
Spiritual interventions yielded beneficial effects on fatigue (Hedges's g = 0.900, p < 0.001) and pain (Hedges's g = 0.670, p < 0.001) but not for overall symptom burden (Hedges's g = 0.208, p = 0.176). Significant effects were found for anxiety (Hedges's g = 0.301, p < 0.001), depression (Hedges's g = 0.175, p = 0.016), and psychological distress (Hedges's g = 0.178, p = 0.024), except for hopelessness (Hedges's g = 0.144, p = 0.091). Spiritual interventions enhanced faith (Hedges's g = 0.232, p = 0.035), the meaning of life (Hedges's g = 0.259, p = 0.002), spiritual well-being (Hedges's g = 0.268, p < 0.001), and quality of life (Hedges's g = 245, p < 0.001). Moderator analysis pointed out that cancer stage, total duration, delivery format, providers' qualification, content, and conceptual base of spiritual interventions significantly affect physical, emotional, and spiritual outcomes and quality of life.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis highlighted the benefits of spiritual interventions with varying effect sizes on patients' outcomes, as well as quality of life in cancer, and shed on how to incorporate these approaches into clinical practice.
PubMed: 38943773
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102646 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Jun 2024To compare the impact of telerehabilitation versus conventional rehabilitation on the recovery outcomes of patients with chronic respiratory disease (CRD). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To compare the impact of telerehabilitation versus conventional rehabilitation on the recovery outcomes of patients with chronic respiratory disease (CRD).
METHODS
The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on telerehabilitation for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic respiratory system diseases since the establishment of the database to November 14, 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted valid data according to the inclusion criteria. The quality assessment of included studies was conducted individually by using the RoB 2(Risk of Bias 2) tool, followed by meta-analysis using RevMan5.3 software.
RESULTS
Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 RCTs were included, comprising 3030 participants, with 1509 in the telerehabilitation group and 1521 in the conventional rehabilitation group. Meta-analysis results indicated that compared to conventional rehabilitation, video conference-based telerehabilitation demonstrated significant improvements in short-term (≤ 6 months) outcomes, including 6-min walk distance (6MWD) (MD = 7.52, 95% CI: 2.09, 12.94), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) (MD = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.41, -0.18), COPD assessment test (CAT) (MD = -1.77, 95% CI: -3.52, -0.02), HADS (MD = -0.44, 95% CI: -0.86, -0.03), and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ's) activity, impact, and symptom scores. In the long term (> 6 months), although improvements persisted in 6WMD [MD = 12.89, 95% CI (-0.37, 26.14)], mMRC [MD = -0.38, 95% CI (-0.56, -0.21)], CAT [MD = -1.39, 95% CI (-3.83, 1.05)], Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) [MD = -0.34, 95% CI (-0.66, -0.03)], and SGRQ's Activity, Impact, and Symptom scores between intervention and control groups, statistically significant differences were observed only for mMRC and HADS. Without considering time factors, the intervention group exhibited some improvement in FEV1% predicted and the forced expiratory volume in the first one second (FEV1)/ forced vital capacity (FVC) (%) without statistical significance compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION
Telerehabilitation therapy demonstrates short-term benefits in enhancing patients' daily activity capacity, improving respiratory function, and enhancing mental health status, thereby improving patients' quality of life. However, further high-quality, large-sample RCTs are required to ascertain its long-term effectiveness conclusively.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study protocol was approved and registered in PROSPERO: CRD 42024509154.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Disease; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Telerehabilitation; Walk Test; Respiratory Tract Diseases
PubMed: 38943129
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03104-8 -
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Jun 2024The efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in chronic pain studies is traditionally assessed by pain scores, which do not reflect the multidimensional nature of pain... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in chronic pain studies is traditionally assessed by pain scores, which do not reflect the multidimensional nature of pain perception. Despite the evidence of SCS's influence on emotional functioning comprehensive assessments of its effect remain lacking.
OBJECTIVE
To assess changes in emotional and psychosocial functioning in patients who underwent SCS implantation for chronic pain.
EVIDENCE REVIEW
Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL and Scopus databases were searched for original peer-reviewed publications reporting emotional functioning after SCS. The primary outcomes were a pooled mean difference (MD) in anxiety, depression, global functioning, mental well-being and pain catastrophizing at 12 months. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to determine the quality of evidence.
FINDINGS
Thirty-two studies were included in the primary analysis. Statistically significant improvements were observed in anxiety (MD -2.16; 95% CI -2.84 to -1.49; p<0.001), depression (MD -4.66; 95% CI -6.26 to -3.06; p<0.001), global functioning (MD 20.30; 95% CI 14.69 to 25.90; p<0.001), mental well-being (MD 4.95; 95% CI 3.60 to 6.31; p<0.001), and pain catastrophizing (MD -12.09; 95% CI -14.94 to -9.23; p<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed differences in Global Assessment of Functioning and mental well-being based on study design and in depression based on waveform paradigm.
CONCLUSION
The results highlight the statistically and clinically significant improvements in emotional and psychosocial outcomes in patients with chronic pain undergoing SCS therapy. However, these results need to be interpreted with caution due to the very low certainty of evidence per the GRADE criteria.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION
CRD42023446326.
PubMed: 38942426
DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2024-105523 -
Ageing Research Reviews Jun 2024Although numerous studies have investigated modifiable risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among community-dwelling seniors, no meta-analysis has summarized... (Review)
Review
Although numerous studies have investigated modifiable risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among community-dwelling seniors, no meta-analysis has summarized these findings. Five databases were searched from January 1, 2000, to December 30, 2023. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO. Data were extracted and reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Relevant meta-analyses of modifiable risk factors were performed. The evidence of each factor was assessed by the GRADE for cohort studies. Of 16,651 citations, 87 studies involving 225,584 community-dwelling seniors were included. Fourteen meta-analyses involving 20 studies with 44,199 participants were performed. The analyses revealed low-to-moderate-quality evidence supporting that diabetes, 2 or more comorbidities, anxiety, apathy, depressive symptoms, and physical frailty were risk factors for incident MCI in older adults. Conversely, hypertension, agitation, and irritability might not be risk factors. Additionally, moderate-quality evidence supports the protective effect of engaging in cognitive-demanding activities on the onset of MCI. Collectively, this study constitutes the first extensive compilation of evidence regarding the various risk factors for the development of MCI in older adults. Our findings hold significant potential to guide the formulation of prevention and management strategies to either prevent or potentially reverse the onset of MCI.
PubMed: 38942197
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102350 -
Clinical Psychology Review Jun 2024The purpose of the current review was to address four questions: 1) Are there differences in family functioning or family environment among patients with different... (Review)
Review
The purpose of the current review was to address four questions: 1) Are there differences in family functioning or family environment among patients with different eating disorder (ED) diagnoses? 2) Are there differences in the perception of family functioning or family environment among different family members? 3) Is family functioning or family environment related to ED symptomatology? 4) Does family functioning or family environment change as a result of ED treatment? and 4a) If so, does this impact ED treatment outcome? Although most studies found no differences among ED diagnostic groups, those that did generally found worse family functioning among those with binge/purge symptoms than among those with the restricting subtype of anorexia nervosa. Differences in perceptions of family functioning among family members were found, with patients generally reporting worse functioning than their parents. Worse family functioning was generally found to be related to worse ED symptoms. The variety of treatment approaches and different assessments of outcome made it somewhat unclear whether family functioning consistently improves with ED treatment. More research is needed on family functioning and EDs, particularly in understudied groups such as males, and those with ED diagnoses other than anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.
PubMed: 38941693
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102462 -
Community Mental Health Journal Jun 2024Home treatment (HT) treats patients in an acute crisis through an interdisciplinary team with daily appointments for a short treatment period. The effectiveness of HT...
Home treatment (HT) treats patients in an acute crisis through an interdisciplinary team with daily appointments for a short treatment period. The effectiveness of HT has already been confirmed. However, only few studies addressed specific patient characteristics associated outcome of treatment. This study aimed to identify patient characteristics associated with successful outcomes of HT. A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 13 studies were included in the systematic review. Being employed, having a regular income, having an anxiety disorder and family involvement were associated with a successful treatment outcome in HT. High symptom severity and former hospital admissions were associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome in HT in the selected studies. HT seems to be especially beneficial for patients with paid employment or regular income, patients with anxiety disorders, and patients with familial or other social support.
PubMed: 38940978
DOI: 10.1007/s10597-024-01297-0 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024To explore the intervention effect of mindfulness training on athletes' performance using meta-analysis method.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the intervention effect of mindfulness training on athletes' performance using meta-analysis method.
METHODS
A total of 11 articles and 23 effect sizes were included through retrieval of Chinese and English databases, with a total sample size of 582.
RESULT
Mindfulness training improves the level of mindfulness [SMD =1.08, 95%CI (0.30, 1.86), < 0.01], fluency (The optimal competitive psychological state of the athlete, the athlete's attention is all focused on the task, and other things no longer attract their attention) [SMD =1.47, 95%CI (0.87, 2.08), < 0.001] and performance [SMD =0.92, 95% CI (0.40, 1.43), < 0.01], reduced psychological anxiety [SMD = -0.87, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.20), < 0.05], and all reached the level of large effect size.
CONCLUSION
The effect of mindfulness training on athletes' sports performance is effective, and it can be used as an effective psychological skill intervention method to improve athletes' sports performance. In the future, we should further expand the sample size, strengthen the comparative study of different sports and intervention modes, and pay attention to the difference between the time effect and trait mindfulness level in fluency state.
PubMed: 38939219
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1375608 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances in people living with HIV considering the effects of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances in people living with HIV considering the effects of age, depression, anxiety, CD4 cell counts, time since HIV diagnosis, study region, and the instruments used to measure sleep disturbances. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE to include eligible articles. In this meta-analysis of 43 studies, the pooled prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances was 52.29% (95% confidence interval 47.69-56.87). The subgroup analyses revealed that variations in the sleep measurements and study region significantly contributed to the observed heterogeneity. In the meta-regression analyses, higher proportions of participants with depression or anxiety and longer times since HIV diagnosis were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of self-reported sleep disturbances after adjusting for mean age. Our findings emphasise the substantial burden of sleep disturbances in people living with HIV and identified comorbid depression and anxiety and the time since HIV diagnosis as significant moderators. These results underscore the importance of considering these factors when designing tailored screening programmes for high-risk patients and implementing early interventions to prevent and mitigate sleep disturbances in people living with HIV.
Topics: Humans; HIV Infections; Sleep Wake Disorders; Prevalence; Depression; Anxiety; Male; Female; CD4 Lymphocyte Count
PubMed: 38937605
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65713-x