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Gynecological Endocrinology : the... Oct 2022This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated maternal apelin levels in pregnant women with and without GDM. Secondary outcomes were glucose- and lipid-related... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated maternal apelin levels in pregnant women with and without GDM. Secondary outcomes were glucose- and lipid-related results. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, CNKI, and Wang Fang were searched. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Mean differences (MDs) or standardized MDs (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated. Random effect model analyses were carried out and heterogeneity with the and statistics. Fourteen observational studies (sample size: 1033 women with GDM and 1053 for control women) with a low or moderate risk of bias were included in the analysis. During the second half of pregnancy, maternal apelin estimate was significantly higher in women with GDM (SMD = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.03 to 1.25), as well as insulin (SMD = 1.41% CI: 0.84 to 1.99), glucose (SMD = 1.56; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.91), glycated hemoglobin (SMD = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.54), HOMA-IR (MD = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.51 to 2.98), BMI (MD = 0.80 kg/m, 95%CI: 0.52 to 1.08), total cholesterol (SMD = 0.42, 0.12 to 0.73), LDL-cholesterol (SMD = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.23 to 1.02), and triglycerides (SMD = 0.40, 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.61) as compared to control women. There was heterogeneity between studies as evidence by high values. Meta-regression analysis indicated statistically significant regression coefficients for age of women, glucose and total cholesterol. GDM was associated with increased circulating apelin, insulin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol levels, and HOMA-IR index.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Apelin; Glycated Hemoglobin; Pregnant Women; Insulin; Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL
PubMed: 36002980
DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2114450 -
PloS One 2022The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain if the circulating levels of apelin, as an important regulator of the cardiovascular homeostasis,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to ascertain if the circulating levels of apelin, as an important regulator of the cardiovascular homeostasis, differ in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and controls.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was performed in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify the studies addressing apelin in CVD up to April 5, 2021. Due to the presence of different units to measure the circulating levels of apelin across the included studies, they expressed the standardized mean difference (SMD) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) as summary effect size. A random-effects model comprising DerSimonian and Laird method was used to pool SMDs.
RESULTS
Twenty-four articles (30 studies) comprised of 1793 cases and 1416 controls were included. Pooled results obtained through random-effects model indicated that apelin concentrations in the cases' blood samples were significantly lower than those of the control groups (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI: -1.25, -0.18, P = 0.009; I2 = 97.3%, P<0.001). New combined biomarkers showed a significant decrease in SMD of apelin/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (apelin/HDL-C) ratio [-5.17; 95% CI, -8.72, -1.63, P = 0.000; I2 = 99.0%], apelin/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (apelin/LDL-C) ratio [-4.31; 95% CI, -6.08, -2.55, P = 0.000; I2 = 98.0%] and apelin/total cholesterol (apelin/TC) ratio [-17.30; 95% CI, -22.85, -11.76, P = 0.000; I2 = 99.1%]. However, no significant differences were found in the SMD of apelin/triacylglycerol (apelin/TG) ratio in cases with CVDs compared to the control group [-2.96; 95% CI, -7.41, 1.49, P = 0.000; I2 = 99.2%].
CONCLUSION
The association of apelin with CVDs is different based on the region and disease subtypes. These findings account for the possible usefulness of apelin as an additional biomarker in the diagnosis of CVD in diabetic patients and in the diagnosis of patients with CAD. Moreover, apelin/HDL-c, apelin/LDL-c, and apelin/TC ratios could be offered as diagnostic markers for CVD.
Topics: Apelin; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Humans; Triglycerides
PubMed: 35913970
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271899 -
Nutrition, Metabolism, and... Apr 2022Although overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), the underlying mechanisms are not well characterised. Recent data suggest... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
Although overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), the underlying mechanisms are not well characterised. Recent data suggest that this link may be partly due to abnormal adipose tissue-derived cytokines or adipokines. However, this relationship is not well clarified. To evaluate the association between adipokines and AF in a systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SYNTHESIS
PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched from inception through 1 March 2021. Studies were included if they reported any adipokine and AF, with their quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were independently abstracted, with unadjusted and multivariable adjusted estimates pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Data are presented for overall prevalent or incident AF and AF subtypes (paroxysmal, persistent, or non-paroxysmal AF). A total of 34 studies, with 31,479 patients, were included. The following adipokines were significantly associated with AF in the pooled univariate data - apelin (risk ratio for prevalent AF: 0.05 [0.00-0.50], p = 0.01; recurrent AF: 0.21 [0.11-0.42], p < 0.01) and resistin (incident AF: 2.05 [1.02-4.1], p = 0.04; prevalent AF: 2.62 [1.78-3.85], p < 0.01). Pooled analysis of multivariable adjusted effect size estimates showed adiponectin as the sole independent predictor of AF incidence (1.14 [1.02-1.27], p = 0.02). Moreover, adiponectin was associated with non-paroxysmal AF (persistent AF: 1.45 [1.08-1.94, p = 0.01; non-paroxysmal versus paroxysmal AF: 3.14 [1.87-5.27, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Adipokines, principally adiponectin, apelin, and resistin, are associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation. However, the association is not seen after multivariate adjustment, likely reflecting the lack of statistical power. Future research should investigate these relationships in larger prospective cohorts and how they can refine AF monitoring strategies.
PROSPERO ID
CRD42020208879.
Topics: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Apelin; Atrial Fibrillation; Humans; Prospective Studies; Resistin
PubMed: 35227548
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.019 -
Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks,... Nov 2021A body of studies has examined the circulating concentration of adipokines including apelin, vapin, resistin, and chemerin in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A body of studies has examined the circulating concentration of adipokines including apelin, vapin, resistin, and chemerin in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. However, their findings have been inconclusive. Therefore, we systematically reviewed available studies to illuminate the overall circulating concentration of adipokines in PCOS subjects. Cochrane's Library, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were searched from the earliest available date up to April 2021 for relevant articles. The quality of each study was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The pooled effect size was estimated based on the random effects model, and the standard mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. A total of 88 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of the analysis showed that serum levels of vaspin (SMD 0.69; 95% CI, 0.22 to 1.17; P = 0.004; I = 90.6%), chemerin (SMD 1.87; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.40; P < 0.001; I = 94.4%), and resistin (SMD 0.66; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.91; P < 0.001; I = 92.6%) were significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to controls. However, there was no significant difference between the PCOS and control groups in relation to apelin levels (SMD - 0.17; 95% CI, - 1.06 to 0.73; P = 0.714; I = 97.8%). We found that serum levels of vaspin, chemerin, and resistin were significantly higher in PCOS subjects compared with controls. It seems that these adipokines can be measured as a useful marker to predict the development of PCOS.
Topics: Adipokines; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 34472034
DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00709-w -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2020Levels of circulating adipokines in nonobese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have been reported in many studies. However, the results are inconsistent. The aim... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Levels of circulating adipokines in nonobese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have been reported in many studies. However, the results are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess whether the levels of circulating adipokines are changed in nonobese PCOS relative to nonobese healthy controls. To identify eligible studies, a literature research was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases without restricting by region, journal, or language. A total of 81 studies met the eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis showed that the circulating level of adiponectin (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.95; 95% CI: -1.36 to -0.53) was significantly decreased in nonobese PCOS patients. In contrast, the circulating levels of chemerin (SMD: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.08 to 2.18), leptin (SMD: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.81), resistin (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.88), and visfatin (SMD: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.68 to 2.09) were significantly increased in nonobese PCOS patients. There were no significant changes in the circulating levels of apelin (SMD: 0.32; 95% CI: -1.34 to 1.99), irisin (SMD: 1.01; 95% CI: -0.68 to 2.70), omentin (SMD: -0.37; 95% CI: -1.05 to 0.31), or vaspin (SMD: 0.09; 95% CI: -0.14 to 0.32). Thus, scientific evidence suggests that the circulating adipokine levels are altered in nonobese PCOS patients compared to nonobese healthy controls. Therefore, independent of the degree of obesity, dysregulated circulating adipokine levels might play important roles in the occurrence and development of PCOS.
Topics: Adipokines; Female; Humans; Obesity; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 33488512
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.537809 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Feb 2020The available data on the significance of circulating apelin, chemerin and omentin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent. This analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The available data on the significance of circulating apelin, chemerin and omentin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent. This analysis includes a systematic review of the evidence associating the serum concentrations of these adipokines with GDM.
METHODS
Publications through December 2019 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted to evaluate sources of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Analysis of 20 studies, including 1493 GDM patients and 1488 normal pregnant women did not find significant differences in circulating apelin and chemerin levels (apelin standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.40 to 1.26, P = 0.31; chemerin SMD = 0.77, 95% CI - 0.07 to 1.61, P = 0.07). Circulating omentin was significantly lower in women with GDM than in healthy controls (SMD = - 0.72, 95% CI - 1.26 to - 0.19, P = 0.007). Publication bias was not found; sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the pooled results.
CONCLUSIONS
Circulating omentin was decreased in GDM patients, but apelin and chemerin levels were not changed. The results suggest that omentin has potential as a novel biomarker for the prediction and early diagnosis of GDM.
Topics: Apelin; Biomarkers; Chemokines; Cytokines; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; GPI-Linked Proteins; Humans; Lectins; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32087711
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01209-7 -
Hormones (Athens, Greece) Dec 2019There have been a number of studies on the role of the novel protein apelin, identified in 1998, in improving muscular function and structure in various human organs, as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE
There have been a number of studies on the role of the novel protein apelin, identified in 1998, in improving muscular function and structure in various human organs, as well as on how it is involved in pathological processes. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effect of exercise on serum apelin levels to provide up-to-date data for the development of an exercise intervention for older adults.
METHODS
We searched for articles in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and EMBASE from database inception to May 31, 2019. To conduct a meta-analysis of the primary outcome (serum apelin level), we analyzed intervention effect sizes of the differences between the exercise group and control groups for the primary outcome measure at post-treatment. The outcomes were analyzed using Hedge's statistic effect size (Zr) for weight mean difference (WMD) from various statistical results, including t, F, x, and r. A heterogeneity test was conducted using Higgin's I statistic and Q statistics (p > 0.10) via a forest plot. A fixed-effect model was considered if Higgin's I was less than 50%. If heterogeneity was high (I > 50%), a random-effects model with a subgroup analysis or meta-regression was used. A meta-analysis using nine studies showed that exercise could increase serum apelin levels, which was beneficial for such metabolic diseases as diabetes.
RESULTS
In the subgroup analysis, the 50-60-year-old group showed significant effects of exercise. However, the BMI (normal, overweight, and obesity) categories failed to show any difference in exercise-induced effect.
CONCLUSION
Further studies are needed to clarify in greater detail the effect of resistance exercise on apelin levels, including data on frequency, type, intensity, and time of aerobic exercise, to compare their effects on sarcopenia and cognitive disorders.
Topics: Aging; Apelin; Exercise; Humans; Sarcopenia
PubMed: 31853817
DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00157-x