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PloS One 2024Vitamins D, E, A, B, C, and Omega-3 play crucial roles in modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, both implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)...
BACKGROUND
Vitamins D, E, A, B, C, and Omega-3 play crucial roles in modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, both implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. Recent research has explored the potential impact of dietary supplements on AAA progression. The systematic review aims to assess interventional studies investigating the effects of various dietary supplements on the development and severity of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
METHOD
A systematic search using relevant keywords related to abdominal aortic aneurysm and dietary supplements was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science). Quality assessment for animal studies employed SYRCLE and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool for randomized control trials. The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO under the registry code CRD42023455958.
RESULTS
Supplementation with Omega-3, Vitamins A, C, D, E, and the Vitamin B family exhibited positive effects in AAA progression. These supplements contributed to a reduction in AAA diameter, elastin degradation, inflammatory responses, and reactive oxygen species. Additional supplements such as Zinc, methionine, and phytoestrogen also played roles in mitigating AAA progression.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study underscore the potential role of dietary supplements in the progression of AAA. Predominantly based on animal studies, the results indicate that these supplements can limit AAA progression, primarily evidenced by their ability to mitigate inflammatory processes and oxidative stress pathways.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Disease Progression; Animals; Vitamins; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 38923975
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305265 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2024There is uncertainty about the optimum dose of omega-3 fatty acids for anxiety symptoms. We aimed to find the dose-dependent effect of omega-3 supplementation on anxiety... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
There is uncertainty about the optimum dose of omega-3 fatty acids for anxiety symptoms. We aimed to find the dose-dependent effect of omega-3 supplementation on anxiety symptoms.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2022 to find randomized trials that assessed the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on anxiety symptoms in adults. Investigators performed the literature search and screened the titles/abstracts and full-texts and between-reviewer agreement was assessed as Cohen's kappa coefficient. We conducted a random-effects dose-response meta-analysis to estimate standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE framework.
RESULTS
A total of 23 trials with 2189 participants were included. Each 1 gram per day supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids resulted in a moderate decrease in anxiety symptoms (SMD: -0.70, 95%CI: -1.17, -0.22; GRADE = low). The non-linear dose-response analysis indicated the greatest improvement at 2 g/d (SMD: -0.93, 95%CI: -1.85, -0.01), and that supplementation in a dose lower than 2 g/d did not affect anxiety symptoms. Omega-3 fatty acids did not increase adverse events (odds ratio: 1.20, 95%CI: 0.89, 1.61; GRADE = moderate).
CONCLUSIONS
The present dose-response meta-analysis suggested evidence of very low certainty that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may significantly improve anxiety symptoms, with the greatest improvements at 2 g/d. More trials with better methodological quality are needed to reach more robust evidence.
PROTOCOL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42022309636).
Topics: Humans; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Dietary Supplements; Anxiety; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 38890670
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05881-2 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Our objective was to explore the effect of the reduction of saturated fat (SAF) intake on cardiovascular disease, mortality and other health-related outcomes in adults.
INTRODUCTION
Our objective was to explore the effect of the reduction of saturated fat (SAF) intake on cardiovascular disease, mortality and other health-related outcomes in adults.
METHODS
We conducted an umbrella review, searching Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases for systematic reviews from December 1, 2012, to December 1, 2022. We have included meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies. We extracted effect sizes (95%CI), heterogeneity ( ), and evidence quality rating based on the population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes.
RESULTS
21 meta-analyses were included (three were from RCTs, and 18 were from cohort studies). Among meta-analyses of RCTs, 15 of the 45 associations were significant. The effect of reduction in SAF intake on combined cardiovascular events (RR 0.79, 95%CI 0.66-0.93) was graded as having moderate certainty of evidence. We found no effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer deaths, and other cardiovascular events. Among meta-analyses of cohort studies, five of the 19 associations were significant. There was an increase in coronary heart disease mortality (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.21) and breast cancer mortality (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.09-2.09) in participants with higher SFA intake compared to reduced SFA. We found no effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and other cardiovascular events.
CONCLUSION
This umbrella review found the reduction in SAF intake probably reduces cardiovascular events and other health outcomes. However, it has little or no effect on cardiovascular mortality and mortality from other causes. More high-quality clinical trials with long-term follow-up are needed.: CRD42022380859.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38887252
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1396576 -
Cellular and Molecular Biology... Jun 2024Chronic heart disease (CHD) is still a major global cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitating effective therapeutic interventions to mitigate its progression.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on markers of inflammation and endothelial function in patients with chronic heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Chronic heart disease (CHD) is still a major global cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitating effective therapeutic interventions to mitigate its progression. Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have garnered attention for their potential anti-inflammatory and endothelial-protective properties in CHD management. The present study aims to assess the efficacy of Omega-3 FA supplementation on markers of inflammation and endothelial function in patients with CHD. To achieve this, we used the relevant keywords to search international databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) and extract publications evaluating the effectiveness of omega-3 FA supplementation on inflammation markers and endothelial function in patients with CHD. STATA (version 15) and the random and fixed-effects models were used to evaluate the collected data. Thirteen clinical trial studies met inclusion criteria, with a total sample size of 853 individuals (406 cases and 447 controls). The cases had a mean age of 58 ± 10.3 years. The pooled results indicated that omega-3 Omega-3 FA supplementation significantly reduced the level of circulating IL-6 (SMD = -0.47, 95% CI -1.29 to 0.35, %, p < 0.001), hs-CRP (SMD = -0.21, 95% CI -0.70 to 0.28, p = 0.01), and TNF-α (SMD = -0.56, 95% CI -1.14 to 0.01, p < 0.001) in patients with CHD. Also, findings revealed that a daily supplement of omega-3 significantly increased FMD by 0.34% (95% CI: 0.14-0.54%, p < 0.001) as compared with placebo by a fixed-effect model in patients with CHD. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic utility of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in modulating inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with CHD.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Biomarkers; Chronic Disease; Dietary Supplements; Endothelium, Vascular; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Heart Diseases; Inflammation; Aged
PubMed: 38836663
DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2024.70.6.26 -
International Wound Journal Jun 2024Recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the analgesic activity of sesame oil among patients with limb trauma; nevertheless, their findings are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Alleviating severity of limb trauma pain with coadministration of topical sesame oil and standard treatments: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the analgesic activity of sesame oil among patients with limb trauma; nevertheless, their findings are inconsistent. Hence, this review aimed to clarify the impact of topical administration of sesame oil on acute pain of adult outpatients with minor limb trauma. The online databases (e.g., Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science) were searched up to 31 January 2024. The RCTs were included if they compared the effect of applying standard treatments plus topical sesame oil to administering standard treatments alone or with a placebo/sham treatment. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) and the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool were applied to address the evidence quality and the study's methodological rigour, respectively. Four RCTs had the inclusion criteria, and their findings were pooled in a meta-analysis employing a random-effects approach. According to the pooled analysis, the reduction in mean change of the pain score from baseline to the second/third intervention day was significantly higher in favour of clients who received standard care plus daily massage of the trauma site with sesame oil compared to those who received a control condition (weighted mean difference: -1.10; 95% confidence interval [-1.62, -0.57]; p < 0.001). However, the evidence quality was moderate, and only two studies had good methodological rigour. Hence, more high-quality studies are needed to make a solid evidence-based conclusion about the favourable consequence of topical sesame oil on alleviating acute traumatic limb pain.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sesame Oil; Administration, Topical; Pain Management; Adult; Female; Male; Analgesics; Pain Measurement; Middle Aged; Extremities
PubMed: 38822706
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14907 -
Current Nutrition Reports May 2024This systematic review aimed to examine existing evidence related to associations between eating behaviours and dietary intake in children and adolescents, with a focus... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This systematic review aimed to examine existing evidence related to associations between eating behaviours and dietary intake in children and adolescents, with a focus on the Children Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) as assessment tools.
RECENT FINDING
We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. We included observational and interventional studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, that evaluated the association between eating behaviours and food and beverage intake. Thirteen studies from nine countries met the inclusion criteria, with sample sizes ranging from 62 to 4,914 individuals aged 2 to 16 years-old. Ten studies used the CEBQ, and three used the DEBQ. Our retrieved studies showed that children and adolescents engaging in food approach behaviours tend to consume foods rich in sugar and fats. However, we observed a higher consumption of fruits and vegetables. On the other hand, children and adolescents with lower engagement to food avoidant behaviours, generally exhibited a lower overall food consumption, except for snacks, which they consumed at a higher rate. This systematic review suggests that eating behaviours play an important role in shaping dietary intake. Nevertheless, due to the heterogeneity related to eating behaviours and diet intake, it highlights the need for further research to understand these complex relationships to develop effective interventions for promoting healthy eating habits in children and adolescents.
PubMed: 38797817
DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00544-w -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Jun 2024The current meta-analysis aimed to examine the heritability and familial resemblance of dietary intakes, including energy and macronutrients in both twin and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND/AIMS
The current meta-analysis aimed to examine the heritability and familial resemblance of dietary intakes, including energy and macronutrients in both twin and family-based studies.
METHODS
The online literature databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched comprehensively until 2023 to identify the relevant studies. The heritability index in family studies was h and the heritability indices for twin studies were h, A, and E. Three weighted methods were used to calculate the mean and SE of heritability dietary intakes.
RESULTS
Eighteen papers including 8 studies on familial population and 12 for twin population studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The heritability of dietary intakes in twin studies (range of pooled estimated h, A and E was 30-55%, 14-42%, and 52-79%, respectively) was higher than family studies (range of pooled estimated h = 16-39%). In family studies, the highest and lowest heritability for various nutrients was observed for the fat (%Kcal) (h range:36-38%) and carbohydrate in g (h range:16-18%), respectively. In twin studies, based on mean h, the highest and lowest heritability for various nutrients was reported for the fat (%Kcal) (h range:49-55%) and protein intake in g (h range:30-35%), respectively. Also, based on the mean of A, the highest and lowest heritability was observed for carbohydrates (% Kcal) (A range:42-42%), and protein (% Kcal) (A range:14-16%), respectively. Furthermore, in twin studies, the highest and lowest mean of E was shown for saturated fats (E range:74-79%) and energy intake (E range:52-57%), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our analysis indicated that both environmental factors and genetics have noticeable contributions in determining the heritability of dietary intakes. Also, we observed higher heritability in twins compared to family studies.
Topics: Humans; Nutrients; Energy Intake; Diet; Twins; Family; Twin Studies as Topic; Dietary Fats
PubMed: 38777476
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.016 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Jun 2024Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in developed countries. Therefore, omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) have been suggested as a beneficial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in developed countries. Therefore, omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) have been suggested as a beneficial complementary treatment due to their ability to regulate inflammatory responses and improve nutrition levels.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of O3FAs as a complementary treatment for inflammation, nutrition levels, post-operative infectious complications, and enhancement of recovery in CRC patients.
METHODS
The literature search was carried out through three databases. The outcomes of interest were assessed by measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and CRP levels, serum albumin levels for nutrition assessment, post-operative infectious complications, and length of stay for recovery evaluation. Quality appraisal and meta-analysis were performed using RoB 2.0 and RevMan 5.4, respectively.
RESULTS
The result showed that O3FAs significantly reduced IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α, but did not affect IL-1β. Furthermore, the variable slightly increased serum albumin levels and the supplementation led to a decrease in post-operative infectious complications and shortened hospital stays.
CONCLUSION
O3FAs as a complementary treatment provided advantages for CRC patients, Further clinical trials and experiments should also be made emphasizing the impact and clinical implementation of O3FA in the nutritional status of CRC patients.
Topics: Humans; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Colorectal Neoplasms; Nutritional Status; Dietary Supplements; C-Reactive Protein; Complementary Therapies; Inflammation; Postoperative Complications; Cytokines
PubMed: 38777451
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.002 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Jun 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, and resistance training on muscle strength and mass. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND & AIMS
The aim of this study was to investigate the omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, and resistance training on muscle strength and mass.
METHODS
A review was conducted by searching relevant randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and resistance training on skeletal muscle strength and mass. Three experts independently performed a thorough examination of the literature database and conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Four studies were ultimately included in the systematic review after screening. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that the supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and resistance training significantly improved muscle strength compared to the placebo-controlled group. However, no significant effects were observed in the effect for muscle mass.
CONCLUSIONS
The interventions of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and resistance training show promise as a countermeasure against muscular dysfunction. While further research is warranted to investigate its effects on skeletal muscle mass, the findings of this study hold implications for maintaining and/or improving the quality of life to elderly people.
Topics: Humans; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Resistance Training; Muscle, Skeletal; Dietary Supplements; Muscle Strength; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38777432
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.019 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Aug 2024Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of cancer cachexia. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are known to... (Review)
Review
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of cancer cachexia. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are known to contribute to the reduction of inflammation, preservation of lean body mass and total body weight, and reduction of cancer-related symptoms, such as anorexia or neuropathy. This systematic review aimed to assess whether the ratio of EPA to DHA used in supplementation in cancer patients matters in the context of the resolution of inflammation and reduction of the risk of cachexia. The analysis included 20 randomized clinical trials with acceptable quality identified from the Pubmed/MEDLINE database. The significant results concerning the resolution of inflammation or improvement in nutritional status were the highest in the case of a low EPA/DHA ratio, i.e., 67%, and decreased, reaching 50% and 36% for the moderate and high ratios, respectively. Most results concerning body weight from high and moderate EPA/DHA ratios showed no benefit or were insignificant. A significant benefit in reducing any reported inflammatory markers was seen in the low EPA/DHA ratio subgroup at 63%, in the moderate at 29%, and in the high ratio subgroup at 11%. The greatest benefit in CRP reduction was obtained by patients during chemotherapy. The review questions the anticachectic and anti-inflammatory effect of ω-3 PUFAs supplementation with doses of EPA higher than DHA. A population that particularly benefits from ω-3 PUFAs supplementation are patients undergoing chemotherapy for advanced cancer.
Topics: Humans; Cachexia; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Neoplasms; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Inflammation; Dietary Supplements; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 38759339
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112466