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Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... Jan 2022Secretory carcinoma (SC) of the salivary gland, formerly known as mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, is an uncommon and fairly newly described low grade malignant...
PURPOSE
Secretory carcinoma (SC) of the salivary gland, formerly known as mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, is an uncommon and fairly newly described low grade malignant neoplasm of the salivary gland. Given the small number of cases reported in the literature to date, treatment guidelines are scarce. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of SC, discuss prior management strategies, and provide recommendations for future treatment.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of all the cases of SC reported in the literature since it was first recognized in 2010. Using Pubmed, Crossref, and Google Scholar, we identified all articles reporting cases of SC.
RESULTS
We identified 657 cases of SC in 109 articles. In addition, we provided 2 new cases, for a total of 659 cases in 110 articles. To our knowledge, this is the largest review of cases of SC in the literature to date. We summarized the clinical characteristics of SC, as well as the nodal status, clinical management, recurrence rate, and death rate.
CONCLUSIONS
SC occurs on average in middle age (with a large age range), presents most often initially as localized disease without metastasis, and has a low but not insignificant recurrence rate. Deaths have been reported. The generalized recommendations for treatment of SC are in line with those of other low-grade salivary gland malignancies.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma; Middle Aged; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands
PubMed: 34653372
DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2021.08.155 -
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2021Adult weight gain is a good indicator of excess body fatness for breast cancer risk. However, little is known about the effect of weight gain during other special... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effect of long-term weight gain on the risk of breast cancer across women's whole adulthood as well as hormone-changed menopause stages: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
Adult weight gain is a good indicator of excess body fatness for breast cancer risk. However, little is known about the effect of weight gain during other special periods in women's lifetime. A publication search in PubMed and Embase through April 2020 was conducted. A primary meta-analysis comparing the highest and lowest category and a secondary meta-analysis based on dose-response meta-analysis were performed to calculate risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals using a random-effects model. For postmenopausal breast cancer, the relative risk for highest vs. lowest category of adult weight gain and weight gain since menopause were 1.55 and 1.59 (RR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.40, 1.71; RR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.05). For per 5 kg increase in adult weight gain, the summary RR of postmenopausal breast cancer was 1.08 (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.09), which is much stronger in Asian women (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.47). There was no significant finding among premenopausal women (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.21). Same as adult weight gain, weight gain since menopause might be an equivalent predictor for postmenopausal breast cancer risk. More studies are warranted to confirm the magnitude of this association further.
Topics: Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Hormones; Humans; Menopause; Risk Factors; Weight Gain
PubMed: 34456166
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.08.004 -
Neuroradiology Nov 2021This retrospective study aimed to investigate the radiological features of head and neck mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) and systematically review previous...
PURPOSE
This retrospective study aimed to investigate the radiological features of head and neck mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) and systematically review previous publications and 11 new cases.
METHODS
We included patients with pathologically proven MASCs with preoperative CT or MRI images, including 11 patients from our hospital and 29 patients from 28 publications extracted after screening 645 abstracts. Two board-certified radiologists reviewed and evaluated all radiological images. The frequency of metastasis during the follow-up period in tumors with well- and ill-defined margins was compared using a Fisher's exact test.
RESULTS
The median age at diagnosis was 52.5 years (range, 7-78 years; 20 males). Of the 40 patients, those in their 50 s were the most common (10/40, 25.0%), and the main tumor site was the parotid gland (27/40, 42.5%). Characteristic radiological features included high intensity on T1WI in the cystic components and tumors frequently showed "papillary and cystic," which showed a projection into the cystic components, or "non-papillary and cystic" morphology, which did not show projection of the solid components. Tumor metastasis was found in 10/35 patients (28.6%) during the follow-up period, with a significant difference in frequency between the tumors with well- and ill-defined margin (well-defined (4/26) vs. ill-defined (6/9); P = 0.0074).
CONCLUSION
MASCs are newly recognized malignant tumors. Characteristic T1WI high intensity on MRI and predominant cystic morphology may reflect its unique histological profile. Ill-defined tumor margin status was related to frequent metastasis. Awareness of these characteristic radiological features can assist radiologists in better detection of this novel entity.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Male; Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma; Radiography; Retrospective Studies; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 34427706
DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02796-7 -
European Archives of... Mar 2022Carcinosarcoma, also known as Spindle Cell Carcinoma (SpCC), is a rare type of malignant tumor. Generally, this type of pathology occurs in the urogenital tract, the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Carcinosarcoma, also known as Spindle Cell Carcinoma (SpCC), is a rare type of malignant tumor. Generally, this type of pathology occurs in the urogenital tract, the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and mammary gland; in the larynx, SpCC represents only 2-3% of all malignancies. Due to its rarity, there is currently no generally acceptable treatment guideline for this disease. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature of SpCC of larynx and report epidemiologic, clinicopathologic and main therapeutic approaches for this entity.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and Scopus databases. For this review, the results were extrapolated in the period between January 1990 to September 2020. Data extraction was performed using a standard registry database. The clinical and pathological staging were recalculated according to the Eight Edition of AJCC Cancer Staging Manual and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 25.0.
RESULTS
A total of 111 patients affected by laryngeal carcinosarcoma were included. From our review arises that surgery is the main treatment for primary laryngeal carcinosarcoma. In this way, various techniques such as minimally invasive laryngoscopy excision, laser CO2 cordectomy, partial laryngectomy (vertical and horizontal) and total laryngectomy. The role of radiotherapy is still controversial. The overall survival (OS) for T1 stage tumor at 5 years of follow-up is 82.9%, the OS for T2 and T3 tumor is 74% and 73.4%. The OS at 5 years of follow-up is 91.7% for supraglottic tumor, 69.3% for glottic tumor and 50% for transglottic site. Subglottic site is described in only 2 cases [12-13], so the OS at 5 years is not statistically significant. The 5-year overall survival in patients without lymph nodes involvement (N0) is 90.2%, 66.7% and 50%, respectively, for N1 and N2 lesions.
CONCLUSION
Primary laryngeal carcinosarcoma is a very rare malignancy. There are no clear guidelines in the management but in the literature, surgery is described as the best modality of therapy; radiation only can be a reasonable alternative with controversial efficacy. The most important prognostic factor is the nodal metastasis.
Topics: Carcinosarcoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Laryngectomy; Larynx; Neoplasm Staging; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34351467
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07027-6 -
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2022Adult stem cells like mammary and mesenchymal stem cells have received significant attention because these stem cells possess therapeutic potential in treating many...
Adult stem cells like mammary and mesenchymal stem cells have received significant attention because these stem cells possess therapeutic potential in treating many animal diseases. These cells can be administered in an autologous or allogenic fashion, either freshly isolated from the donor tissue or previously cultured and expanded in vitro. The expansion of adult stem cells is a prerequisite before therapeutic application because sufficient numbers are required in dosage calculation. Stem cells directly and indirectly (by secreting various growth factors and angiogenic factors called secretome) act to repair and regenerate injured tissues. Recent studies on mammary stem cells showed in vivo and in vitro expansion ability by removing the blockage of asymmetrical cell division. Compounds like purine analogs (xanthosine, xanthine, and inosine) or hormones (progesterone and bST) help increase stem cell population by promoting cell division. Such methodology of enhancing stem cell number, either in vivo or in vitro, may help in preclinical studies for translational research like treating diseases such as mastitis. The application of mesenchymal stem cells has also been shown to benefit mammary gland health due to the 'homing' property of stem cells. In addition to that, the multiple positive effects of stem cell secretome are on mammary tissue; healing and killing bacteria is novel in the production of quality milk. This systematic review discusses some of the studies on stem cells that have been useful in increasing the stem cell population and increasing mammary stem/progenitor cells. Finally, we provide insights into how enhancing mammary stem cell population could potentially increase terminally differentiated cells, ultimately leading to more milk production.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Female; Humans; Mammary Glands, Animal; Milk; Stem Cells
PubMed: 34348628
DOI: 10.2174/1574888X16666210804111516 -
Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official... Aug 2021Insufficient milk supply is the most common reason for premature breastfeeding cessation. Breast hypoplasia is one reason why women may be inherently unable to make a...
Insufficient milk supply is the most common reason for premature breastfeeding cessation. Breast hypoplasia is one reason why women may be inherently unable to make a full milk supply. This review aimed to systematically explore the relationship between breast hypoplasia and breastfeeding duration, milk supply, and lactation onset. Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched using the keywords "insufficient glandular tissue" or "mammary hypoplasia" or "breast hypoplasia" or "mammary gland hypoplasia" or "droopy breasts" or "snoopy deformity" or "tubular breast*" or "tuberous breast*" AND breastfeeding or "breast feeding" or breast-feeding or lactation. After initially screening 20 records, including reference lists, 9 full texts were assessed for eligibility; 2 were excluded as no breastfeeding outcomes were reported, leaving 7 studies ( = 42 women). The studies in this review drew on results from the oldest included study and plastic surgery literature to define breast hypoplasia. Most women in this review (40/42) ceased exclusive breastfeeding before 1 month postpartum. One case study reported 24-hour milk production, which was 52 mL at 26 weeks postpartum. The relationship between breast hypoplasia and breastfeeding outcomes is underresearched. The co-occurring medical conditions (e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome) of some women provide avenues for future research into the possible pathogenesis of breast hypoplasia resulting in insufficient milk supply. Research is needed to evaluate the reliability of measuring and classifying markers of breast hypoplasia, and prospective studies can help determine the role of breast hypoplasia in milk production. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020191228.
Topics: Breast; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 33891493
DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0032 -
Early Human Development May 2021Many women report low milk supply as the reason for premature breastfeeding cessation. Altered mammary gland development may impact a woman's lactation ability. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Many women report low milk supply as the reason for premature breastfeeding cessation. Altered mammary gland development may impact a woman's lactation ability.
OBJECTIVE
This review identifies modern exogenous exposures which alter mammary gland development during embryonic life, puberty and pregnancy.
METHODS
A systematic review was undertaken whereby Medline, CINAHL and Embase articles published from January 1, 2005 to November 20, 2020 were searched using the keywords puberty or embry* or fetal or foetal or foetus or fetus or pregnan* or gestation* AND "mammary gland development" or "breast development" or "mammary development" or "mammary gland function" or "mammary function" or "insufficient glandular tissue" or "mammary hypoplasia" or "breast hypoplasia" or "mammary gland hypoplasia" or "tubular breast*" or "tuberous breast*" or "glandular tissue" or "breast composition" or "mammary composition" or "mammary gland composition". After initial screening of 1207 records, 60 full texts were assessed for eligibility; 6 were excluded due to lack of information about exposure or outcome, leaving 54 studies.
RESULTS
The review included results from 52 animal (rats and mice, monkeys, rabbits, sheep, goats pigs and cows) and 2 human studies. Various endocrine disrupting chemicals and an obesogenic diet were found to be associated with altered mammary gland morphology during key development stages.
CONCLUSIONS
To improve lactation outcomes, future studies need to focus on lactation as the endpoint and be conducted in a standardised manner to allow for a more significant contribution to the literature that allows for better comparison across studies.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Endocrine Disruptors; Female; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mice; Milk; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats; Sexual Maturation; Sheep; Swine
PubMed: 33711581
DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105342 -
Reproduction in Domestic Animals =... Feb 2021Mastitis is a common reproductive disorder in bitches, reaching a prevalence of 0.71%. Mastitis has a wide range of forms, from asymptomatic to severe gangrenous...
Mastitis is a common reproductive disorder in bitches, reaching a prevalence of 0.71%. Mastitis has a wide range of forms, from asymptomatic to severe gangrenous mastitis that can lead to septic shock and death of the bitch and nurslings. However, most of the time it is overlooked, undiagnosed or mistreated. The present systematic review was performed to revise and summarize the existing knowledge related to this disorder, including diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis
PubMed: 33205498
DOI: 10.1111/rda.13866 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2020Flap necrosis is a common complication after mastectomy, and nitroglycerin (NTG) ointment has been used successfully to treat it. However, it is not clear whether... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Flap necrosis is a common complication after mastectomy, and nitroglycerin (NTG) ointment has been used successfully to treat it. However, it is not clear whether topical NTG can completely prevent the occurrence of flap necrosis after breast cancer surgery, and it is also unclear whether this treatment may cause side effects. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two retrospective cohort studies (RCSs) were included in our investigation. This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We found that NTG significantly reduced the rates of mastectomy flap necrosis, full-thickness flap necrosis, and debridement as well as the rate of early complications other than flap necrosis. However, there was no significant difference in drug-related adverse reactions, explantation, superficial flap necrosis, infection, hematoma or seroma between the NTG and placebo groups.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Mammaplasty; Mammary Glands, Human; Mastectomy; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Nitroglycerin; Ointments; Patient Safety; Seroma; Surgical Flaps; Treatment Outcome; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 32317705
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63721-1 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... Feb 2020To explore clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) features of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) with systematic literature review.
AIMS
To explore clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) features of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) with systematic literature review.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
Hospital based cross-sectional study.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
The data of all cases of MASC diagnosed over a period of 1 year i.e., from July 2017 to July 2018 were retrieved. The haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) sections, and IHC sections were studied. A strict histological and recently updated criteria were applied and patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MASC were included in the study. A systematic literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed and National Centre for Biotechnology Information database.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Microsoft Excel 2010.
RESULTS
The present case series is 27th in the English literature and 1stcase series describing its histopathology in the Indian literature. The mean age of presentation is 43 years. Female preponderance was found i.e., M:F ratio of 0.5.
CONCLUSION
Histopathology and if necessary, followed by IHC is required for the confirmation of diagnosis of MASC. We should be aware about this recently described entity which is usually mistaken for other low grade salivary gland carcinomas like Acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) and Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). The knowledge about its typical morphology, high degree of suspicion and IHC confirmation with both S-100 and Mammaglobin help in precise diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gene Rearrangement; Hospitals; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; India; Male; Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma; Translocation, Genetic
PubMed: 32108646
DOI: 10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_757_18