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Food Research International (Ottawa,... Dec 2020Food composition data are challenged by data availability and quality. Anthocyanins are the bright colored pigments found in fruits and vegetables with growing evidence...
Food composition data are challenged by data availability and quality. Anthocyanins are the bright colored pigments found in fruits and vegetables with growing evidence for health benefits. For the estimation of anthocyanin content in the foods, it is imperative to find an ideal analytical method. To quantify anthocyanin components, liquid chromatography-based methods are commonly used. This review addresses the variability of liquid chromatography (LC) mass spectrometry (MS) methods for the identification and quantification of anthocyanins. Published studies for all years until February 2020 reporting LC methods for anthocyanins in fruits and vegetables were screened from 7660 studies. Only 29 studies met the eligibility criteria of method type and of these, only 13 studies reported a validated LC method. A wide range of validation parameters were identified including specificity, calibration, stability, and limits of detection. Differences in the sampling amounts for extraction were observed in all of the included studies. The quantification of multiple anthocyanin types without their corresponding analytical standards was observed in eight studies. The included 13 studies used reverse phase liquid chromatography separation with C type or similar stationary phases and acidified aqueous or acidified aqueous: organic (usually methanol or acetonitrile) binary gradient mobile phases. Although all of the studies used mass spectrometry for identification, ultraviolet absorbance quantification was often used in conjunction with a photo-diode array (DAD/PDA) detector using reference standards where available. Extraction and preparation of samples remains the key concern for analysis as the oxidative stability of anthocyanins are a major impediment for accurate quantification of the components in foods. This review provides a summary of validated LC methods to assist analysts and nutritionists in the quantification of anthocyanin food components as the nutrient profiles of foods are challenged by the variability of the analytical methods.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Fruit; Vegetables
PubMed: 33292937
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109754 -
Infectious Disorders Drug Targets 2021In recent years, more attention has been focused in the practice of both crude extract of medicinal plants, and the screening plant-derived compounds as substitute...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, more attention has been focused in the practice of both crude extract of medicinal plants, and the screening plant-derived compounds as substitute scolicidal agents during hydatid cyst surgery. The present study was designed to review the protoscolicidal effects of some Iranian herbal medicines against hydatid cyst protoscoleces.
METHODS
English databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus were searched for publications worldwide related to protoscolicidal effects of Iranian herbal medicines without date limitation so that identify all published articles (in vitro, in vivo, clinical and case-control) have studied. Keywords included "Protoscolicidal", "Scolicidal", "Herbal medicines", "Extract", "Essential oil", "Plant", "In vitro", and "Iran". Moreover, the language of data collection was limited to English.
RESULTS
In total, 40 papers up to 2020 were included in the present systematic review. The most studies were conducted on protoscolicidal activity of methanolic extracts (17 studies) followed by essential oils (15 studies), and aqueous extract (3 studies). The most commonly used part of herbs were leaves (21 herbs), seeds (8 herbs), and fruit (6 herbs), respectively. Moreover, the most prevalent herbal family was Lamiaceae (6 studies), followed by Apiaceae (5 studies) and Liliaceae (5 studies).
CONCLUSION
Considering the high efficacy of Iranian herbal medicines against hydatid cyst protoscoleces, it can be concluded that Iranian herbal medicines have ability to consider as new alternative protoscolicidal agents during hydatid cyst surgery; however, more clinical studies are required to discover the precise protoscolicida activity of Iranian medicines in animal and human subjects.
Topics: Animals; Anticestodal Agents; Echinococcosis; Humans; Iran; Oils, Volatile; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 33208081
DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666201117145733 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Jun 2020Pectin methylesterase (PME) is an important pectinase that hydrolyzes methyl esters in pectin to release methanol and reduce the degree of methylation of pectin. At...
Pectin methylesterase (PME) is an important pectinase that hydrolyzes methyl esters in pectin to release methanol and reduce the degree of methylation of pectin. At present, it has broad application prospects in food processing, tea beverage, paper making and other production processes. With the in-depth study of PME, the crystal structures with different sources have been reported. Analysis of these resolved crystal structures reveals that PME belongs to the right-hand parallel β-helix structure, and its catalytic residues are two aspartic acids and a glutamine, which play the role of general acid-base, nucleophile and stable intermediate, in the catalytic process. At the same time, the substrate specificity is analyzed to understand the recognition mechanism of the substrate and active sites. This paper systematically reviews these related aspects.
Topics: Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography; Pectins; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 32597053
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.190418 -
Heliyon Mar 2020Natural resources provide more efficient and safer alternatives in managing diabetes compare to the synthetic oral anti diabetes (OAD). The plants not only have... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Natural resources provide more efficient and safer alternatives in managing diabetes compare to the synthetic oral anti diabetes (OAD). The plants not only have hypoglycemic effect, but also prevent its complications; in which no synthetic drugs provide of both properties. Among antidiabetes plants, mahogany seed () has been used as traditional medicine in Indonesia and India, though most popular utilized as timber wood.
METHODS
The present study was performed of chemotaxonomic approach to review its phytochemical and anti-diabetic properties of (L.) Jacq seed/bark/leaves. The qualitative systematic review (SR) was carried out by analysing indexed journals and peer reviewed of and spp from Scopus, PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. Data selection criteria are accordance to botany, phytochemistry, , , and clinical test of related subject. The keywords used for the search in the databases were , mahagony, diabetes, and diabetes plants.
RESULTS
(L.) Jacq. extracts have shown , and limited clinically test of its anti-diabetic properties. Ethanolic/methanolic/aqueous/petroleum/n-hexane extracts of mahagonis's seed/bark or leaves have anti-diabetic activities comparable to the synthetic drug and observed no to relatively mild toxic effect. The hypoglycemic mechanism suggested via reducing blood glucose level, restoring liver and -cells islet function (might) blocking epinephrine function, inhibiting of -amylase and -glucosidase, antioxidant and antihiperlipidemia. Phytochemical compounds of consist of the phenolics (flavonoids (swietemacrophyllanin, catechins and epichatechins) and tannins), triterpenoids and tetranortriterpenoids (limonoids: mahonin, secomahoganin, swietmanins, swiemahogins, swietenine and swietenolide), saponins and alkaloids which are known as anti-diabetic bioactive principles.
CONCLUSION
was potentially used and developed as an antidiabetes source. To use it as an antidiabetic further, more extensive clinical trials and biomarkers of active compounds determination are needed.
PubMed: 32190758
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03536 -
Journal of the Air & Waste Management... Feb 2020This work provides a systematic review on the decomposition of volatile organic pollutants in flue gas through the gliding arc (GA) plasma technology. To begin with, the...
This work provides a systematic review on the decomposition of volatile organic pollutants in flue gas through the gliding arc (GA) plasma technology. To begin with, the basic mechanisms of GA plasma generation are summarized and three characteristic stages existed during the GA plasma generation process are revealed: gas breakdown stage, equilibrium stage, and non-equilibrium stage. Then, the types of GA reactors are comparatively illustrated. Possible destruction mechanisms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by GA plasma are discussed by taking chloroform, benzene, and methanol as examples. Furthermore, the effects of many operating parameters on the VOCs destruction efficiency are comprehensively analyzed. Simultaneously, the product distribution, energy cost, technical and economic during the whole decomposition process are considered. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of GA plasma and its further development trend are concluded from the academic and industrial application of GA plasma in VOCs decomposition.: This paper comprehensively describes the principle, characteristics, research progress and engineering application examples of the degradation of volatile organics by gliding arc discharge plasma, so that readers can fully understand the degradation of volatile organics by gliding arc discharge plasma and provide theoretical basis for the industrial application of the degradation of volatile organics by gliding arc discharge plasma.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Electrochemical Techniques; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 31815602
DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1698476