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Infectious Diseases Now May 2021To describe the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and therapeutic features and outcomes of Rothia infective endocarditis (RIE) and extracardiac infections...
OBJECTIVE
To describe the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and therapeutic features and outcomes of Rothia infective endocarditis (RIE) and extracardiac infections (ECRI).
METHODS
We performed a systematic literature review of published cases of RIE and ECRI.
RESULTS
After inclusion of a personal case report, 51 cases of RIE and 215 cases of ECRI were reported. Compared with ECRI patients, RIE patients were significantly more often males (80% versus 59%), intravenous drug users (IVDU) (20% versus 3%), immunocompetent (76% versus 31%), and infected with R. dentocariosa (55% versus 13%) but lacked significant differences with regard to median age (45 years [6-79]), rate of orodental abnormalities (33%), and six-month mortality (14%). Following microbiological documentation, RIE was most often treated with a beta-lactam antibiotic alone (39%) for a median duration of six weeks and required surgery in 39% of cases.
CONCLUSION
RIE is rare and likely secondary to a dental portal of entry or cutaneous inoculation in IVDU. Its prognosis seems to be favorable.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child; Echocardiography; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Male; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 33164836
DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.10.021 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Mar 2020Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are widely used to treat acid-related disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, large observational studies have raised...
BACKGROUND
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are widely used to treat acid-related disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, large observational studies have raised concerns about PPI-associated adverse events. In recent years, data from next-generation sequencing studies suggested that PPIs affect the composition of the intestinal microbiota, while a balanced gut microbiome is essential for maintaining health.
AIM
To review the available evidence from next-generation sequencing studies on the effect of PPIs on the intestinal microbiome and to discuss possible implications of PPI-induced dysbiosis in health and disease.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. A PubMed query yielded 197 results. 19 publications met the prespecified eligibility criteria.
RESULTS
Twelve observational study cohorts with 708 PPI users and 11 interventional cohorts with 180 PPI users were included in the review. In most studies, PPI treatment did not affect microbiological richness and diversity, but was associated with distinct taxonomic alterations: In the upper gastrointestinal tract, PPI users showed overgrowth of orally derived bacteria, mostly Streptococcaceae (findings based on six independent cohorts with 126 PPI users). In faecal samples, PPIs increased multiple taxa from the orders Bacillales (eg, Staphylococcaceae), Lactobacillales (eg, Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae) and Actinomycetales (eg, Actinomycetaceae, Micrococcaceae), the families Pasteurellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae and the genus Veillonella. Taxa decreased by PPIs include Bifidobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Mollicutes (findings in faecal samples based on 19 independent cohorts with 790 PPI users).
CONCLUSION
PPI use is associated with moderate alterations to upper and distal gut microbiota. The available data suggest that PPI-induced hypochlorhydria facilitates colonization of more distal parts of the digestive tract by upper gastrointestinal microbiota.
Topics: Bacteria; Cohort Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Dysbiosis; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 31990420
DOI: 10.1111/apt.15604 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Nov 2019is becoming a growing public health challenge, especially for its ability to cause infections in immunocompromised patients. This bacterium is a Gram+coccus,...
is becoming a growing public health challenge, especially for its ability to cause infections in immunocompromised patients. This bacterium is a Gram+coccus, catalase+, coagulase, and it is a common inhabitant of skin and oral mucosa. To investigate the spectrum of infections caused by . Between January-March 2018, we carried out a systematic search in PubMed utilizing the key search term ''. The selection criteria for studies were studies reporting cases of human infections due to , case-control and cohort studies and studies published in English or Spanish. The literature search yielded 48 publications: after title, abstract and full-text analysis, 20 papers were consistent with the selection criteria. These studies were carried out in the period 2001-2017 in the USA, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Ukraine, Egypt, Bahrain, Serbia, India, Italy, Spain, Turkey and Mexico. was involved in 17 cases of central venous catheter-related bacteremia, four infective endocarditis, three acute peritonitis, one abdominal abscess, umbilical sepsis, acute cholecystitis and urinary tract infection. Additionally, was found in 40 % of carious cavities, although it is not clear whether they are directly involved in the development of caries. Antibiotic susceptibility testing has sometimes revealed multi-drug resistance. The clinical spectrum of infections has recently widened. The increasing spread of this underestimated bacterium and its resistance to antibiotics represent a new challenge for public health, which requires specific actions to limit it.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Catheter-Related Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged; Young Adult
PubMed: 31526454
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001023