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Journal of Functional Biomaterials Feb 2024The utilization of regenerative techniques in periodontology involves tailoring tissue engineering principles to suit the oral cavity's unique environment. Advancements... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The utilization of regenerative techniques in periodontology involves tailoring tissue engineering principles to suit the oral cavity's unique environment. Advancements in computer-assisted technology, specifically utilizing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), enabled the fabrication of 3D-printed scaffolds. The current review aims to explore whether 3D-printed scaffolds are effective in promoting osteogenesis in patients with periodontal defects.
METHODS
A thorough exploration was undertaken across seven electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Web of Science, Ovid) to detect pertinent research in accordance with specified eligibility criteria, aligning with the PRISMA guidelines. Two independent reviewers undertook the screening and selection of manuscripts, executed data extraction, and evaluated the bias risk using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomized clinical trials and SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies.
RESULTS
Initially, 799 articles were identified, refined by removing duplicates. After evaluating 471 articles based on title and abstract, 18 studies remained for full-text assessment. Eventually, merely two manuscripts fulfilled all the eligibility criteria concerning human trials. Both studies were prospective non-randomized clinical trials. Moreover, 11 animal studies were also included.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of multidimensional, 3D-printed, customized scaffolds appears to stimulate periodontal regeneration. While the reported results are encouraging, additional studies are required to identify the ideal characteristics of the 3D scaffold to be used in the regeneration of periodontal tissue.
PubMed: 38391897
DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020044 -
Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics. Part B Feb 2024A systematic review of the operative techniques for treating cubitus varus deformity in children was performed using research databases including PubMed and Embase....
A systematic review of the operative techniques for treating cubitus varus deformity in children was performed using research databases including PubMed and Embase. Outcome measurements included mean angular correction of the humerus-elbow-wrist angle, complications, revisions and outcome scores. A total of 45 papers and 911 patients were included. Lateral closing wedge osteotomy (LCWO) (427 patients) was the most common procedure and 5.56% of these patients experienced lateral condylar prominence. This technique had the highest revision rate at 3%. The step-cut osteotomy (111 patients) yielded zero postoperative infections or loss of motion. Distraction osteogenesis (92 patients) was the least common technique. Superficial pin tract infections occurred in 18% of patients and 88.04% of patients reported excellent results, the highest of any technique in this study. The infection rate of dome osteotomy (151 patients) was 9.45% and 4.72% of patients experienced loss of motion. 3D osteotomy (130 patients) had no infections, 87.78% of patients reported excellent outcomes, and 2.22% of patients reported poor outcomes, the lowest of all techniques. For unidimensional correction, LCWO provides a technically simple procedure and reasonable outcomes. Step-cut osteotomy has less lateral condylar prominence but is more complicated than LCWO. Distraction osteogenesis is a minimally invasive alternative to LCWO and step-cut osteotomy, but it has more superficial infections and can be bothersome to patients. For a multidimensional correction, 3D osteotomy is superior to dome osteotomy due to its lower infection rate and higher rate of functionally excellent outcomes.
PubMed: 38375863
DOI: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000001167 -
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma &... Mar 2024Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have demonstrated the capability to regenerate bone once they have differentiated... (Review)
Review
STUDY DESIGN
Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) have demonstrated the capability to regenerate bone once they have differentiated into osteoblasts.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential of these cells when seeded in a poly (lactic--glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffold.
METHODS
A literature search of 4 databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted in January 2021 for studies evaluating the osteogenic differentiation potential of hBMSCs and hADSCs seeded in a PLGA scaffold. Only in vitro models were included. Studies in languages other than English were excluded.
RESULTS
A total of 257 studies were identified after the removal of duplicates. Seven articles fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four of these reviews used hADSCs and three used hBMSCs in the scaffold. Upregulation in osteogenic gene expression was seen in all the cells seeded in a 3-dimensional scaffold compared with 2-dimensional films. High angiogenic gene expression was found in hADSCs. Addition of inorganic material to the scaffold material affected cell performance.
CONCLUSIONS
Viability, proliferation, and differentiation of cells strongly depend on the environment where they grow. There are several factors that can enhance the differentiation capacity of stem cells. A PLGA scaffold proved to be a biocompatible material capable of boosting the osteogenic differentiation potential and mineralization capacity in hBMSCs and hADSCs.
PubMed: 38371215
DOI: 10.1177/19433875231157454 -
Pediatric Annals Feb 2024Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder that has a high prevalence in patients with craniofacial, neurocognitive, and neuromuscular disorders. Currently,...
Multidisciplinary Treatment in Patients with Craniofacial, Neurocognitive, and Neuromuscular Disorders with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder that has a high prevalence in patients with craniofacial, neurocognitive, and neuromuscular disorders. Currently, the treatments for this population are diverse and depend on the individual conditions of the patient and the severity of the case. However, there are no multidisciplinary dental treatment guidelines. The aim of the present study was to determine the multidisciplinary dental treatment alternatives in patients with craniofacial, neurocognitive, and neuromuscular disorders with a diagnosis of OSA through evidence-based medicine. A systematic review of the literature has been performed by searching scientific articles in the PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases, through controlled and uncontrolled language. Articles were classified according to the level of evidence and grades of recommendation through the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. A total of 19,439 references were identified, of which 15 articles met the predetermined requirements to be included in the investigation. The articles included for this systematic review showed that mandibular distraction osteogenesis and adenotonsilectomy are the first-choice therapies for craniofacial and neurocognitive disorders. However, for neuromuscular disorders, the findings reported were not enough to provide information about surgical or nonsurgical alternatives. Despite the reported high frequency of OSA in those children with craniofacial, neurocognitive, and neuromuscular disorders, the evidence on the surgical and nonsurgical therapeutic success for OSA in these patients is scarce. It is necessary to perform future studies to investigate successful therapies for OSA in children. .
Topics: Child; Humans; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Neuromuscular Diseases
PubMed: 38302126
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20231205-04 -
Brazilian Journal of Medical and... 2024One of the main challenges of tissue engineering in dentistry is to replace bone and dental tissues with strategies or techniques that simulate physiological tissue...
Influence of the addition of nanohydroxyapatite to scaffolds on proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells: a systematic review of in vitro studies.
One of the main challenges of tissue engineering in dentistry is to replace bone and dental tissues with strategies or techniques that simulate physiological tissue repair conditions. This systematic review of in vitro studies aimed to evaluate the influence of the addition of nanohydroxyapatite (NHap) to scaffolds on cell proliferation and osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. In vitro studies on human stem cells that proliferated and differentiated into odontogenic and osteogenic cells in scaffolds containing NHap were included in this study. Searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, OpenGrey, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were performed. The total of 333 articles was found across all databases. After reading and analyzing titles and abstracts, 8 articles were selected for full reading and extraction of qualitative data. Results showed that despite the large variability in scaffold composition, NHap-containing scaffolds promoted high rates of cell proliferation, increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity during short culture periods, and induced differentiation, as evidenced by the high expression of genes involved in osteogenesis and odontogenesis. However, further studies with greater standardization regarding NHap concentration, type of scaffolds, and evaluation period are needed to observe possible interference of these criteria in the action of NHap on the proliferation and differentiation of human stem cells.
Topics: Humans; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Data Accuracy; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Pyrenes
PubMed: 38265343
DOI: 10.1590/1414-431X2023e13105 -
Calcified Tissue International Mar 2024Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder caused by abnormal collagen type I production. While OI is primarily characterized by bone fragility and... (Review)
Review
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder caused by abnormal collagen type I production. While OI is primarily characterized by bone fragility and deformities, patients also have extraskeletal manifestations, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on cardiovascular diseases in OI patients in order to raise awareness of this understudied clinical aspect of OI and support clinical guidelines. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus was conducted that included articles from the inception of these databases to April 2023. Valvular disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension appear to be more prevalent in OI than in control individuals. Moreover, a larger aortic root was observed in OI compared to controls. Various cardiovascular diseases appear to be more prevalent in OI than in controls. These cardiovascular abnormalities are observed in all types of OI and at all ages, including young children. As there are insufficient longitudinal studies, it is unknown whether these abnormalities are progressive in nature in OI patients. Based on these findings, we would recommend referring individuals with OI to a cardiologist with a low-threshold.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Abnormalities; Collagen Type I; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 38243143
DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01171-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023There is increasing interest in using magnesium (Mg) alloy orthopedic devices because of their mechanical properties and bioresorption potential. Concerns related to... (Review)
Review
Magnesium Alloys in Orthopedics: A Systematic Review on Approaches, Coatings and Strategies to Improve Biocompatibility, Osteogenic Properties and Osteointegration Capabilities.
There is increasing interest in using magnesium (Mg) alloy orthopedic devices because of their mechanical properties and bioresorption potential. Concerns related to their rapid degradation have been issued by developing biodegradable micro- and nanostructured coatings to enhance corrosion resistance and limit the release of hydrogen during degradation. This systematic review based on four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science™ and ScienceDirect) aims to present state-of-the-art strategies, approaches and materials used to address the critical factors currently impeding the utilization of Mg alloy devices. Forty studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines and specific PECO criteria. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using OHAT and SYRCLE tools for in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. Despite limitations associated with identified bias, the review provides a comprehensive analysis of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies focused on manufacturing and application of Mg alloys in orthopedics. This attests to the continuous evolution of research related to Mg alloy modifications (e.g., AZ91, LAE442 and WE43) and micro- and nanocoatings (e.g., MAO and MgF2), which are developed to improve the degradation rate required for long-term mechanical resistance to loading and excellent osseointegration with bone tissue, thereby promoting functional bone regeneration. Further research is required to deeply verify the safety and efficacy of Mg alloys.
Topics: Magnesium; Orthopedic Procedures; Orthopedics; Osteogenesis; Alloys
PubMed: 38203453
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010282 -
Journal of Orthopaedics Apr 2024Reconstruction of segmental defects of long bones is a daunting task for surgeons. Bone transport with the help of Illizarov external fixator and vascularized free... (Review)
Review
Comparative analysis of free vascularized fibula grafting and Ilizarov bone transport in management of segmental long bone defect of the lower limb: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
INTRODUCTION
Reconstruction of segmental defects of long bones is a daunting task for surgeons. Bone transport with the help of Illizarov external fixator and vascularized free fibula flap are some of the most discussed and valid options for the same. Both techniques have their limitations and overlapping indications. However, there has been no objective evidence in the manner of a systematic review supporting one treatment method over the other.
AIM
This systemic review is aimed to compare the bony union, functional outcomes, and complications of Illizarov bone lengthening and free fibula flap performed for segmental bone defects of long bones of the leg.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was done for all studies published before May 2023. Any observational study comparing bone transport based on Illizarov external fixator and free vascularized fibula grafting techniques for treating lower limb long bone segmental defects was entailed in this study.
RESULTS
This systematic review comprised of five retrospective studies. A total of 96 patients were treated by the Illizarov-based bone transport technique and 72 patients were treated by the free vascularized fibula grafting technique. The free vascularized fibula grafting technique yielded a shorter mean time to union (average difference 9.3 months), relatively shorter external fixator time (average difference 5.32 months), and external fixator index (average difference 0.57 months/cm). However, there was no difference in terms of bony and functional outcomes between both techniques when used for the reconstruction of bony defects in the lower limb. Total number of complications was 68 % higher in bone transport with Illizarov external fixator. However, the rates of non-union didn't differ between the groups.
CONCLUSION
The free vascularized fibula grafting technique had a lesser time to bony union, shorter time for external fixator application, and lower incidence of complications. However, the functional and bony outcomes didn't differ between both techniques.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 4.
PubMed: 38179434
DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2023.12.001 -
Effect of mechanical forces on the behavior of osteoblasts: a systematic review of in vitro studies.Dental and Medical Problems 2023Mechanical loading can play a critical role in bone modeling/remodeling through osteoblasts, with several factors being involved in this process.The present study aims... (Review)
Review
Mechanical loading can play a critical role in bone modeling/remodeling through osteoblasts, with several factors being involved in this process.The present study aims to systematically review the effect of mechanical stimulation on human osteoblast cell lineage combined with other variables.The PubMed and Scopus databases were electronically searched for studies analyzing the effect of compression and tension on human osteoblasts at different differentiation stages. Studies that used carcinogenic osteoblasts were excluded. In addition, studies that did not analyze the osteogenic differentiation or proliferation of cells were excluded. The risk of bias of the studies was evaluated using the modified CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) checklist. a total of 20 studies were included. The cells were subjected to tension and compression in 5 and 15 studies, respectively. The application of uniaxial and cyclic strain increased the proliferation of osteoblasts. The same increased pattern could be observed for the osteogenesis of the cells. The impact of the tensile force on the expression of the osteoclastic markers differed based on the loading characteristics. On the other side, the impact of compression on the proliferation of osteoblasts varied according to the magnitude and duration of the force. Besides, different patterns of alternations were observed among the osteogenic markers in response to compression. Meanwhile, compression increased the expression of the osteoclastic markers. It has been shown that the response of the markers related to bone formation or resorption can be altered based on the differentiation stage of the cells, the cell culture system, and the magnitude and duration of the force.
Topics: Humans; Osteogenesis; Stress, Mechanical; Osteoblasts; Cell Differentiation
PubMed: 38133991
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/151639 -
Journal of Clinical Densitometry : the... 2024Interventional studies offer strong evidence for exercise's osteogenic impact on bone particularly during growth. With rising osteoporosis rates in older women,... (Review)
Review
Interventional studies offer strong evidence for exercise's osteogenic impact on bone particularly during growth. With rising osteoporosis rates in older women, enhancing bone strength early in life is crucial. Thus, investigating the osteogenic effects of different types of physical activities in young females is crucial. Despite varied findings, only two systematic reviews tried to explore this topic without examining how different types of exercise may affect bone health in adolescent girls. The first aim of this systematic review was to assess the impact of exercise training on bone health parameters in adolescent girls, and the second aim was to investigate whether the type of exercise training can modulate this effect. A systematic literature search was conducted using common electronic databases from inception - January 2023. Seven studies (355 participants) were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Two studies dealt with resistance training, 3 studies applied plyometric training, 1 study used team sports, and 1 study used dancing. Results indicate that plyometric training increases lumbar spine bone mass in adolescent girls. Well-designed randomized controlled trials with a proper training period (> 12 weeks) are needed to advocate a specific type of training which has the highest osteogenic effect.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Female; Aged; Bone Density; Exercise; Bone and Bones; Osteoporosis; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 38052114
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2023.101454