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The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery 2024The medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury is one of the possible complications of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which can lead to coronal-plane instability... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury is one of the possible complications of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which can lead to coronal-plane instability that requires surgical revision. Injured MCL can result in joint instability and polyethylene wear. Different strategies have been proposed for MCL reconstruction based on the location of the injury. However, there is a lack of clarity regarding the optimal method for handling an iatrogenic MCL injury throughout a TKA.
METHODS
A PRISMA flow diagram was used to guide the systematic literature review. An extensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Newcastle Ottawa scale checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the articles.
RESULTS
A total of 19 qualitative studies, including non-cadaveric patients with MCL injury during TKA, were identified after analyzing the full text of the articles. All included studies were either retrospective, observational cohort or case series. A total of 486 patients were studied to gather information on the methods used to repair the MCL and their results. Most injuries arose in the tibial attachment, which surgeons mostly realized during the final stages of surgery. Used techniques can be categorized into three main groups: Primary repair, Repair with augmentation, and changing prosthesis characteristics.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review demonstrated that the most popular management of iatrogenic MCL injury was using suture anchors, staples, screws and washers, and more constrained prostheses. The proper method should be decided considering the site of the MCL injury.
PubMed: 38577515
DOI: 10.22038/ABJS.2023.73563.3406 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... May 2024Microplastics in drinking water captured widespread attention following reports of widespread detection around the world. Concerns have been raised about the potential... (Review)
Review
Microplastics in drinking water captured widespread attention following reports of widespread detection around the world. Concerns have been raised about the potential adverse effects of microplastics in drinking water on human health. Given the widespread interest in this research topic, there is an urgent need to compile existing data and assess current knowledge. This paper provides a systematic review of studies on microplastics in drinking water, their evidence, key findings, knowledge gaps, and research needs. The data collected show that microplastics are widespread in drinking water, with large variations in reported concentrations. Standardized methodologies of sampling and analysis are urgently needed. There were more fibrous and fragmented microplastics, with the majority being <10 μm in size and composed of polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. Little attention has been paid to the color of microplastics. More research is needed to understand the occurrence and transfer of microplastics throughout the water supply chain and the treatment efficiency of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Methods capable of analyzing microplastics <10 μm and nanoplastics are urgently needed. Potential ecological assessment models for microplastics currently in use need to be improved to take into account the complexity and specificity of microplastics.
Topics: Humans; Microplastics; Plastics; Drinking Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 38537794
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123857 -
International Journal of Clinical... May 2024The timing of prophylactic pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration during cancer chemotherapy varies, with Day 2 and Days 3-5 being the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Optimal timing of prophylactic pegylated G-CSF after chemotherapy administration for patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis from Clinical Practice Guidelines for the use of G-CSF 2022.
INTRODUCTION
The timing of prophylactic pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration during cancer chemotherapy varies, with Day 2 and Days 3-5 being the most common schedules. Optimal timing remains uncertain, affecting efficacy and adverse events. This systematic review sought to evaluate the available evidence on the timing of prophylactic pegylated G-CSF administration.
METHODS
Based on the Minds Handbook for Clinical Practice Guideline Development, we searched the PubMed, Ichushi-Web, and Cochrane Library databases for literature published from January 1990 to December 2019. The inclusion criteria included studies among the adult population using pegfilgrastim. The search strategy focused on timing-related keywords. Two reviewers independently extracted and assessed the data.
RESULTS
Among 300 initial search results, only four articles met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis for febrile neutropenia incidence suggested a potential higher incidence when pegylated G-CSF was administered on Days 3-5 than on Day 2 (odds ratio: 1.27, 95% CI 0.66-2.46, p = 0.47), with a moderate certainty of evidence. No significant difference in overall survival or mortality due to infections was observed. The trend of severe adverse events was lower on Days 3-5, without statistical significance (odds ratio: 0.72, 95% CI 0.14-3.67, p = 0.69) and with a moderate certainty of evidence. Data on pain were inconclusive.
CONCLUSIONS
Both Day 2 and Days 3-5 were weakly recommended for pegylated G-CSF administration post-chemotherapy in patients with cancer. The limited evidence highlights the need for further research to refine recommendations.
Topics: Humans; Drug Administration Schedule; Filgrastim; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Neoplasms; Polyethylene Glycols; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Recombinant Proteins; Time Factors
PubMed: 38526621
DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02499-y -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Some studies have proved that polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe) has significant effects on controlling blood glucose and body weight in patients with type 2...
Some studies have proved that polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe) has significant effects on controlling blood glucose and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but there is still some controversy over the improvement of blood lipid profiles (BLP) and blood pressure (BP), and more evidences are needed to verify such effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of PEG-Loxe in improving blood glucose (BG), BLP, BP, body mass index (BMI), and body weight (BW) in patients with T2DM for clinical reference. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) in which PEG-Loxe was applied to treat T2DM were retrieved by searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Scientific Journal, Wanfang Data, and SinoMed databases. Outcome measures included BG, BLP, BP, BMI, and BW. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform data analysis. Eighteen trials were identified involving 2,166 patients. In experimental group 1,260 patients received PEG-Loxe alone or with other hypoglycemic agents, while in control group 906 patients received placebo or other hypoglycemic agents. In the overall analysis, PEG-Loxe significantly reduced the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2-h PBG), BMI, and BW compared with control group. However, it had no obvious effect on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). PEG-Loxe has better hypoglycemic effects compared with placebo in patients with T2DM, but could not significantly improved TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, SBP, and DBP. And the combination of conventional hypoglycemic drugs (CHD) and PEG-Loxe could more effectively improve the levels of HbA1c, FPG, 2-h PBG, TC, TG, BMI, and BW compared with CHD in T2DM patients. www.inplasy.com, identifier INPLASY202350106.
PubMed: 38469407
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1235639 -
Hepatology International Jun 2024The identification of reliable predictors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance remains controversial. We aimed to summarize potential predictors for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The identification of reliable predictors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance remains controversial. We aimed to summarize potential predictors for HBsAg seroclearance by pegylated interferon-α (PegIFNα) in patients with chronic HBV infection.
METHODS
A systematic search of the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was conducted from their inception to 28 September 2022. Meta-analyses were performed following the PRISMA statement. Predictors of HBsAg seroclearance were evaluated based on baseline characteristics and on-treatment indicators.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis encompasses 27 studies, including a total of 7913 patients. The findings reveal several factors independently associated with HBsAg seroclearance induced by PegIFNα-based regimens. These factors include age (OR = 0.961), gender (male vs. female, OR = 0.537), genotype (A vs. B/D; OR = 7.472, OR = 10.738), treatment strategy (combination vs. monotherapy, OR = 2.126), baseline HBV DNA (OR = 0.414), baseline HBsAg (OR = 0.373), HBsAg levels at week 12 and 24 (OR = 0.384, OR = 0.294), HBsAg decline from baseline to week 12 and 24 (OR = 6.689, OR = 6.513), HBsAg decline from baseline ≥ 1 log IU/ml and ≥ 0.5 log IU/ml at week 12 (OR = 18.277; OR = 4.530), and ALT elevation at week 12 (OR = 3.622). Notably, subgroup analysis suggests no statistical association between HBsAg levels at week 12 and HBsAg seroclearance for treatment duration exceeding 48 weeks. The remaining results were consistent with the overall analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first meta-analysis to identify predictors of HBsAg seroclearance with PegIFNα-based regimens, including baseline and on-treatment factors, which is valuable in developing a better integrated predictive model for HBsAg seroclearance to guide individualized treatment and achieve the highest cost-effectiveness of PegIFNα.
Topics: Humans; Interferon-alpha; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Antiviral Agents; Polyethylene Glycols; Hepatitis B virus
PubMed: 38461186
DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10648-8 -
Cancer Treatment Reviews Apr 2024Cancer-related pain often requires opioid treatment with opioid-induced constipation (OIC) as its most frequent gastrointestinal side-effect. Both for prevention and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Cancer-related pain often requires opioid treatment with opioid-induced constipation (OIC) as its most frequent gastrointestinal side-effect. Both for prevention and treatment of OIC osmotic (e.g. polyethylene glycol) and stimulant (e.g. bisacodyl) laxatives are widely used. Newer drugs such as the peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) and naloxone in a fixed combination with oxycodone have become available for the management of OIC. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to give an overview of the scientific evidence on pharmacological strategies for the prevention and treatment of OIC in cancer patients.
METHODS
A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library was completed from inception up to 22 October 2022. Randomized and non-randomized studies were systematically selected. Bowel function and adverse drug events were assessed.
RESULTS
Twenty trials (prevention: five RCTs and three cohort studies; treatment: ten RCTs and two comparative cohort studies) were included in the review. Regarding the prevention of OIC, three RCTs compared laxatives with other laxatives, finding no clear differences in effectivity of the laxatives used. One cohort study showed a significant benefit of magnesium oxide compared with no laxative. One RCT found a significant benefit for the PAMORA naldemedine compared with magnesium oxide. Preventive use of oxycodone/naloxone did not show a significant difference in two out of three other studies compared to oxycodone or fentanyl. A meta-analysis was not possible. Regarding the treatment of OIC, two RCTs compared laxatives, of which one RCT found that polyethylene glycol was significantly more effective than sennosides. Seven studies compared an opioid antagonist (naloxone, methylnaltrexone or naldemedine) with placebo and three studies compared different dosages of opioid antagonists. These studies with opioid antagonists were used for the meta-analysis. Oxycodone/naloxone showed a significant improvement in Bowel Function Index compared to oxycodone with laxatives (MD -13.68; 95 % CI -18.38 to -8.98; I = 58 %). Adverse drug event rates were similar amongst both groups, except for nausea in favour of oxycodone/naloxone (RR 0.51; 95 % CI 0.31-0.83; I = 0 %). Naldemedine (NAL) and methylnaltrexone (MNTX) demonstrated significantly higher response rates compared to placebo (NAL: RR 2.07, 95 % CI 1.64-2.61, I = 0 %; MNTX: RR 3.83, 95 % CI 2.81-5.22, I = 0 %). With regard to adverse events, abdominal pain was more present in treatment with methylnaltrexone and diarrhea was significantly more present in treatment with naldemedine. Different dosages of methylnaltrexone were not significantly different with regard to both efficacy and adverse drug event rates.
CONCLUSIONS
Magnesium oxide and naldemedine are most likely effective for prevention of OIC in cancer patients. Naloxone in a fixed combination with oxycodone, naldemedine and methylnaltrexone effectively treat OIC in cancer patients with acceptable adverse events. However, their effect has not been compared to standard (osmotic and stimulant) laxatives. More studies comparing standard laxatives with each other and with opioid antagonists are necessary before recommendations for clinical practice can be made.
Topics: Humans; Laxatives; Analgesics, Opioid; Narcotic Antagonists; Constipation; Oxycodone; Opioid-Induced Constipation; Magnesium Oxide; Cohort Studies; Naloxone; Polyethylene Glycols; Neoplasms; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Naltrexone
PubMed: 38452708
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102704 -
BMC Ophthalmology Mar 2024Polyethylene covers have been proven to be effective in protecting the eyes in patients with decreased or disappeared blink reflexes, but their advantages compared to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Polyethylene covers have been proven to be effective in protecting the eyes in patients with decreased or disappeared blink reflexes, but their advantages compared to other conventional methods are still unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to elucidate the impact of polyethylene covers in the prevention of ocular surface disease (OSD) in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).
METHODS
We searched the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases to identify randomized controlled trial studies. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines and used the Cochrane Collaboration tool to assess the risk of bias.
RESULTS
The findings were expressed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. The incidence of OSD in the polyethylene cover group was lower than that in the eye drops group (RR = 0.27; 95% CI (0.07, 1.09), P = 0.07) and adhesive tape group (RR = 0.11, 95%CI (0.04, 0.31), P < 0:0001) but the polyethylene cover group showed no significant difference compared to the eye gel group (RR = 0.79, 95%CI (0.18, 3.51), P = 0.76) and the eye ointment group (RR = 0.85; 95% CI (0.36, 1.99), P = 0.71).
CONCLUSION
This study showed that polyethylene covers, eye gels, and eye ointments had an equal effect on preventing OSD in ICU patients, and eye drops and adhesive tapes were relatively less effective. However, other intervention methods had not been compared due to the small number of articles. Hence, further studies should assess the available methods to choose the best practical method.
Topics: Humans; Polyethylene; Eye Diseases; Eye; Intensive Care Units; Ophthalmic Solutions
PubMed: 38448859
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03360-6 -
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Apr 2024Microplastics (MPs) have attracted global concern because of their harmful effects on marine biota; their toxic properties can negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. Fish... (Review)
Review
Microplastics (MPs) have attracted global concern because of their harmful effects on marine biota; their toxic properties can negatively impact aquatic ecosystems. Fish is an essential source of protein for humans, playing a crucial role in daily food intake. Until recently, MPs were addressed primarily as environmental pollutants, but they are now increasingly recognized as contaminants in the food supply. The present review has comprehended the current knowledge of MP contamination in freshwater and marine fishes of Asia, including 112 peer-reviewed sources from 2016 to 2023. The review recorded 422 Asian fishes (345 marine and 77 freshwater) to be contaminated with MPs. Clarias gariepinus and Selaroides leptolepi have shown maximum MP contamination in the freshwater and marine environments of Asia, respectively. Omnivorous and carnivorous fishes exhibited higher susceptibility to ingesting MPs. Benthopelagic, demersal, and reef-associated habitats were identified as more prone to MP accumulation. In both freshwater and marine environments, China has the highest number of contaminated species among all the countries. Pollution indices indicated high MP contamination in both freshwater and marine environments. A prevalence of fibers was recorded in all fishes. Black- and blue-colored MPs of <500 µm-1 mm size were found dominantly. Polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene were recorded as the prevalent plastic polymers in freshwater and marine fish, respectively. Overall, the review served as a comprehensive understanding of MP concentrations and variations between species, between feeding habits, and between geographic locations, which can be pivotal for addressing pressing environmental challenges, protecting human health, and fostering global sustainability efforts in the face of escalating plastic pollution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:671-685. © 2024 SETAC.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Microplastics; Plastics; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Asia; Fishes; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38353354
DOI: 10.1002/etc.5821 -
BMC Oral Health Jan 2024The effectiveness of newly developed elastomeric polymer hybrid siloxane (PVES), which combines the properties of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl siloxane (PVS)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The effectiveness of newly developed elastomeric polymer hybrid siloxane (PVES), which combines the properties of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) elastomers, has been a subject of interest in recent studies. This study aimed to assess the physical properties of hybrid PVES materials by analyzing existing data from recent studies on this topic.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted to retrieve peer-reviewed articles published up to February 5, 2023. The population, intervention, comparison, and pertinent outcomes were specified under the PICO framework. The primary data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel, while statistical analysis used Meta-Essentials.
RESULTS
Of the 1152 articles assessed, 14 met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of the selected studies indicated that polyether (PE) and polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) were highly correlated (two-tailed p-values of 0.000 and 0.001, respectively) with the improved tensile strength of vinyl polyether siloxane (PVES) with a significantly positive effect size. Similarly, the hydrophilic characteristics of PVES were significantly improved compared to those of PE and PVS. PE was a significant contributor to the hydrophilic characteristics of PVES, with a two-tailed p-value of 0.000. The effect size was highly positive for hydrophilicity but showed high heterogeneity. It was also observed that the dimensional accuracy of PVES was comparable to those of PE and PVS, with no statistically significant differences among the three materials.
CONCLUSIONS
PVES showed promising features, with improved tensile strength and hydrophilic characteristics compared to those of PE and PVS.
Topics: Humans; Siloxanes; Polyethylene; Elastomers; Parents
PubMed: 38195442
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03830-1 -
World Neurosurgery Mar 2024To compare the safety and radiological effectiveness of lumbar interbody fusion with a 3D-printed porous titanium (3D-PPT) cage versus a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Comparison of Lumbar Interbody Fusion with 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Cage Versus Polyetheretherketone Cage in Treating Lumbar Degenerative Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the safety and radiological effectiveness of lumbar interbody fusion with a 3D-printed porous titanium (3D-PPT) cage versus a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.
METHODS
This study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023461511). We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for related studies from inception to September 3, 2023. Review Manager 5.3 was used to conduct this meta-analysis. The reoperation rate, complication rate, fusion rate, and subsidence rate were assessed using relative risk and 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
Ten articles reporting 9 studies comparing lumbar interbody fusion with 3D-PPT cages versus PEEK cages for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease were included. The subsidence rate at the 1-year follow-up in the 3D-PPT cage was significantly lower than that in the PEEK cage. The fusion rate in the 3D-PPT cage was significantly higher than that in the PEEK cage at the 6-month follow-up. No significant difference was identified between the 2 groups at the 12-month follow-up. No significant difference was identified between the 2 groups in terms of the complication rate and reoperation rate. There was a trend toward a lower complication rate and reoperation rate with the 3D-PPT cage.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with the PEEK cage, the 3D-PPT cage may be a safer implant. The 3D-PPT cage was associated with a higher fusion rate and lower subsidence rate. The 3D-PPT cage may accelerate the intervertebral fusion process, improve the quality of fusion and prevent the occurrence of subsidence.
Topics: Humans; Titanium; Porosity; Polymers; Polyethylene Glycols; Ketones; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Spinal Fusion; Lumbar Vertebrae; Treatment Outcome; Benzophenones
PubMed: 38145654
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.111