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European Heart Journal Open May 2024High lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] level has been demonstrated as an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) amongst the older populations,...
AIMS
High lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] level has been demonstrated as an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) amongst the older populations, whereas its effects in the younger population remain unclear. This study evaluated the associations between Lp(a) and the risk of premature ASCVD.
METHOD AND RESULTS
PubMed and Embase were searched for related studies until 12 November 2023. Fifty-one studies including 100 540 participants were included. Mean age of patients ranged from 35.3 to 62.3 years. The proportion of male participants ranged from 0% to 100%. The mean follow-up was provided in five studies ranging from 1 year to 40 years. The definition of elevated Lp(a) varied among studies, such as >30 mg/dL, >50 mg/dL, the top tertiles, the top quartiles, the top quintiles, and so on. Higher Lp(a) was significantly associated with the composite ASCVD [odds ratio (OR): 2.15, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.53-3.02, < 0.001], especially for coronary artery disease (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 2.06-2.90, < 0.001) and peripheral arterial disease (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.56-4.21, < 0.001). This association remained significant in familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) (OR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.63-5.96, < 0.001) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (OR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.54-3.23, < 0.001).Significant results were observed in South Asians (OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 2.31-5.96, < 0.001), Caucasians (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 2.22-4.52, < 0.001), and patients with baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) level ≥ 2.6 mmol/L.
CONCLUSION
Elevated Lp(a) predicts the risk of the composite or individual ASCVD in young, regardless of study design, gender, population characteristics (community or hospitalized), different premature definitions, and various Lp(a) measurement approaches. This association was important in South Asians, Caucasians, FH patients, T2DM patients, and patients with baseline LDL-c level ≥ 2.6 mmol/L.
PubMed: 38737415
DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae031 -
JAMA Jun 2024Among all US women, breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death. In 2023, an estimated 43 170 women died of breast...
IMPORTANCE
Among all US women, breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death. In 2023, an estimated 43 170 women died of breast cancer. Non-Hispanic White women have the highest incidence of breast cancer and non-Hispanic Black women have the highest mortality rate.
OBJECTIVE
The USPSTF commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different mammography-based breast cancer screening strategies by age to start and stop screening, screening interval, modality, use of supplemental imaging, or personalization of screening for breast cancer on the incidence of and progression to advanced breast cancer, breast cancer morbidity, and breast cancer-specific or all-cause mortality, and collaborative modeling studies to complement the evidence from the review.
POPULATION
Cisgender women and all other persons assigned female at birth aged 40 years or older at average risk of breast cancer.
EVIDENCE ASSESSMENT
The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that biennial screening mammography in women aged 40 to 74 years has a moderate net benefit. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient to determine the balance of benefits and harms of screening mammography in women 75 years or older and the balance of benefits and harms of supplemental screening for breast cancer with breast ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), regardless of breast density.
RECOMMENDATION
The USPSTF recommends biennial screening mammography for women aged 40 to 74 years. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening mammography in women 75 years or older. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of supplemental screening for breast cancer using breast ultrasonography or MRI in women identified to have dense breasts on an otherwise negative screening mammogram. (I statement).
Topics: Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Mammography; Early Detection of Cancer; Middle Aged; Aged; Adult; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Age Factors; Ultrasonography, Mammary; United States; Mass Screening
PubMed: 38687503
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.5534 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2024People with serious mental illnesses (SMIs) such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder die up to 30 years younger than individuals in the general population. Premature... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
People with serious mental illnesses (SMIs) such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder die up to 30 years younger than individuals in the general population. Premature mortality among this population is often due to medical comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Being a disease directly related to diet, adverse lifestyle choices, and side effects of psychotropic medication, an effective approach to T2D treatment and management could be non-pharmacological interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis (1) summarise the current evidence base for non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) for diabetes management in people living with SMI and (2) evaluate the effect of these interventions on diverse health outcomes for people with SMI and comorbid diabetes.
METHODS
Six databases were searched to identify relevant studies: PubMed (MEDLINE), PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Studies were included if they reported on non-pharmacological interventions targeted at the management of T2D in people living with SMI. To be eligible, studies had to further involve a control group or report multiple time points of data in the same study population. Whenever there were enough interventions reporting data on the same outcome, we also performed a meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Of 1867 records identified, 14 studies were included in the systematic review and 6 were also eligible for meta-analysis. The results showed that there was a reduction, although not significant, in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the NPI group compared with the control, with a mean difference of -0.14 (95% CI, -0.42, 0.14, = 0.33). Furthermore, NPI did not significantly reduce fasting blood glucose in these participants, with a mean difference of -17.70 (95% CI, -53.77, 18.37, = 0.34). However, the meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in psychiatric symptoms: BPRS score, -3.66 (95% CI, -6.8, -0.47, = 0.02) and MADRS score, -2.63 (95% CI, -5.24, -0.02, = 0.05). NPI also showed a significant reduction in the level of total cholesterol compared with the control, with a mean difference of -26.10 (95% CI, -46.54, -5.66, = 0.01), and in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol compared with control, with a standardised mean difference of -0.47 (95% CI, -0.90, -0.04, = 0.03). NPI did not appear to have significant effect ( > 0.05) on body mass index (BMI), health-related quality of life (HRQL), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with control.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that NPI significantly ( < 0.05) reduced psychiatric symptoms, levels of total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol in people with type 2 diabetes and SMI. While non-pharmacological interventions also reduced HbA1c, triglyceride, and BMI levels and improved quality of life in these people, the effects were not significant ( > 0.05).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 38673334
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040423 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review to compare and analyse the bone mineral density of field hockey players of both sexes and of different ages,... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review to compare and analyse the bone mineral density of field hockey players of both sexes and of different ages, with other sports and with a sedentary population. The search process was carried out using the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search ended on 18 March 2024. We selected articles in which a comparison was made of bone mineral density of the whole body, lumbar spine, femoral neck, arms and legs, among field hockey players, and/or with other sports and/or with a sedentary population. The systematic review followed the guidelines described in the 2020 PRISMA statement. The initial search identified 220 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the search was narrowed down to seven articles in total. It was observed that the field hockey group had better bone mineral density values than sedentary population and the low-impact sports population. Basketball players had better whole body and leg bone mineral density values than field hockey players. Causality could not be established due to the cross-sectional nature of the included studies. The better bone mineral density values in field hockey players compared to the sedentary population may be because people who participate in impact sports have a better bone mineral density. The differences in bone mineral density between field hockey and low-impact sports could be related to a lower impact during their practice in these disciplines.
PubMed: 38672726
DOI: 10.3390/life14040455 -
Menopause (New York, N.Y.) May 2024The increasing attention to the management of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women parallels the growth of the aging population. Although hormone therapy is commonly... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
The increasing attention to the management of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women parallels the growth of the aging population. Although hormone therapy is commonly used to alleviate menopausal symptoms, it carries a potential risk of cancer. Recently, mind-body exercises have emerged as innovative approaches for improving menopausal symptoms and bone health. However, research findings have needed to be more consistent, highlighting the significance of this study's systematic review of mind-body exercise effects on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate the impact of mind-body exercises, including tai chi, yoga, Pilates, qigong, baduanjin, and mindfulness-based stress reduction, on bone mineral density, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and fatigue among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
EVIDENCE REVIEW
Four electronic databases-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science-were systematically searched from inception until July 2023. The search focused exclusively on randomized controlled trials to examine the impact of mind-body exercise interventions on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment tool.
FINDINGS
A total of 11 randomized controlled trials, comprising 1,005 participants, were included in the analysis. Traditional meta-analysis indicated that mind-body exercise significantly enhanced bone mineral density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women compared with control groups, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.66; P = 0.001, I2 = 7%). In addition, significant improvements were observed in sleep quality (SMD, -0.48; 95% CI, -0.78 to -0.17; P = 0.002, I2 = 76%), anxiety reduction (SMD, -0.80; 95% CI, -1.23 to -0.38; P = 0.0002, I2 = 84%), depressive mood (SMD, -0.80; 95% CI, -1.17 to -0.44; P < 0.0001, I2 = 79%), and fatigue (SMD, -0.67; 95% CI, -0.97 to -0.37; P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that mind-body exercise positively influences bone mineral density, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and fatigue among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Perimenopause; Postmenopause; Bone Density; Mind-Body Therapies; Middle Aged; Depression; Sleep Quality; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Anxiety; Fatigue; Exercise; Tai Ji; Yoga
PubMed: 38669625
DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002336 -
Radiography (London, England : 1995) May 2024Mammographic breast screening/rescreening rates are suboptimal for women with obesity and/or physical disabilities. This study describes development of an intervention...
BACKGROUND
Mammographic breast screening/rescreening rates are suboptimal for women with obesity and/or physical disabilities. This study describes development of an intervention framework targeting obesity- and disability-related barriers to improve participation.
METHODS
Mixed methods combined a systematic review with first-person perspectives to optimise screening engagement among women with obesity and/or physical disabilities. Phase 1 (systematic review) was conducted following the PRISMA framework. Phase 2 involved in-depth interviews with n = 8 women with lived experience of obesity and/or physical disabilities. An inductive coding approach was applied to the data which was then combined with Phase 1 results to develop the intervention framework.
RESULTS
Six studies were included in the systematic review. Tailored education based on individual risk increased willingness to undergo mammographic screening. Recommendations to improve the screening experience included partnerships with consumers, targeted messaging, and enhanced professional development for breast screening staff. Participants also identified strategies to improve the uptake of screening and the experience itself.
CONCLUSION
Development and evaluation of interventions informed by frameworks like the one developed in this study are needed to improve engagement in screening to promote regular participation among women with physical disabilities and/or obesity.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Successful implementation of practice interventions co-designed by women with obesity and/or physical disabilities are likely to improve their breast screening participation. Enhanced training of radiographers aimed at upskilling in empathetic communication around required manoeuvring and potentially longer screening times for clients with obesity and/or physical disabilities may encourage more positive client practitioner interactions. Client information aimed at women with obesity should include information on how to prepare for the appointment and explain there may be equipment limitations compromising imaging which may not be completed at an initial appointment.
Topics: Humans; Female; Mammography; Obesity; Disabled Persons; Breast Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Early Detection of Cancer; Mass Screening; Adult; Patient Acceptance of Health Care
PubMed: 38657389
DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.04.011 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Apr 2024Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine, is closely linked to vascular wall thickening and atherosclerotic lesion. Since serum IL-6 levels are largely... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine, is closely linked to vascular wall thickening and atherosclerotic lesion. Since serum IL-6 levels are largely determined by the genetic variant in IL-6, this study was conducted to investigate whether the IL-6 variant impacts cardiometabolic profile and the risk of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from May 13, 2022 to June 28, 2023. In total, 40 studies (26,543 individuals) were included for the analysis. The rs1800795 (a function variant in the IL-6 gene) C allele was linked to higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), and a lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). However, no significant association was observed of rs1800795 with triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Interestingly, a significant association was detected between rs1800795 and PCAD. Subgroup analyses indicted that the impacts of rs1800795 on cardiometabolic risk factors were significant in Caucasians but stronger in obese patients. In contrast, the impact of rs1800795 on PCAD was significant in brown race population. In summary, rs1800795 had a slight but significant impact on cardiometabolic risk factors and PCAD. IL-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab or canakinumab may benefit high-risk populations (e.g. brown race population, Caucasians, obese patients, etc.) with rs1800795 to prevent PCAD.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Coronary Artery Disease; Cytokines; Interleukin-6; Obesity; Risk Factors; Triglycerides
PubMed: 38634217
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18311 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2024Dengue is a global health problem of high significance, with 3.9 billion people at risk of infection. The geographic expansion of dengue virus (DENV) infection has... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dengue is a global health problem of high significance, with 3.9 billion people at risk of infection. The geographic expansion of dengue virus (DENV) infection has resulted in increased frequency and severity of the disease, and the number of deaths has increased in recent years. Wolbachia,an intracellular bacterial endosymbiont, has been under investigation for several years as a novel dengue-control strategy. Some dengue vectors (Aedes mosquitoes) can be transinfected with specific strains of Wolbachia, which decreases their fitness (ability to survive and mate) and their ability to reproduce, inhibiting the replication of dengue. Both laboratory and field studies have demonstrated the potential effect of Wolbachia deployments on reducing dengue transmission, and modelling studies have suggested that this may be a self-sustaining strategy for dengue prevention, although long-term effects are yet to be elucidated.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the efficacy of Wolbachia-carrying Aedes speciesdeployments (specifically wMel-, wMelPop-, and wAlbB- strains of Wolbachia) for preventing dengue virus infection.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, four other databases, and two trial registries up to 24 January 2024.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including cluster-randomized controlled trials (cRCTs), conducted in dengue endemic or epidemic-prone settings were eligible. We sought studies that investigated the impact of Wolbachia-carrying Aedes deployments on epidemiological or entomological dengue-related outcomes, utilizing either the population replacement or population suppression strategy.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently selected eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. We used odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) as the effect measure for dichotomous outcomes. For count/rate outcomes, we planned to use the rate ratio with 95% CI as the effect measure. We used adjusted measures of effect for cRCTs. We assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE.
MAIN RESULTS
One completed cRCT met our inclusion criteria, and we identified two further ongoing cRCTs. The included trial was conducted in an urban setting in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It utilized a nested test-negative study design, whereby all participants aged three to 45 years who presented at healthcare centres with a fever were enrolled in the study provided they had resided in the study area for the previous 10 nights. The trial showed that wMel-Wolbachia infected Ae aegypti deployments probably reduce the odds of contracting virologically confirmed dengue by 77% (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.35; 1 trial, 6306 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The cluster-level prevalence of wMel Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes remained high over two years in the intervention arm of the trial, reported as 95.8% (interquartile range 91.5 to 97.8) across 27 months in clusters receiving wMel-Wolbachia Ae aegypti deployments, but there were no reliable comparative data for this outcome. Other primary outcomes were the incidence of virologically confirmed dengue, the prevalence of dengue ribonucleic acid in the mosquito population, and mosquito density, but there were no data for these outcomes. Additionally, there were no data on adverse events.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The included trial demonstrates the potential significant impact of wMel-Wolbachia-carrying Ae aegypti mosquitoes on preventing dengue infection in an endemic setting, and supports evidence reported in non-randomized and uncontrolled studies. Further trials across a greater diversity of settings are required to confirm whether these findings apply to other locations and country settings, and greater reporting of acceptability and cost are important.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aedes; Wolbachia; Dengue Virus; Mosquito Vectors; Dengue
PubMed: 38597256
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD015636.pub2 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Apr 2024Osteoporosis is an abnormal reduction in bone mass and bone deterioration, leading to increased fracture risk. Etidronate belongs to the bisphosphonate class of drugs... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis is an abnormal reduction in bone mass and bone deterioration, leading to increased fracture risk. Etidronate belongs to the bisphosphonate class of drugs which act to inhibit bone resorption by interfering with the activity of osteoclasts - bone cells that break down bone tissue. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2008. For clinical relevance, we investigated etidronate's effects on postmenopausal women stratified by fracture risk (low versus high).
OBJECTIVES
To assess the benefits and harms of intermittent/cyclic etidronate in the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women at lower and higher risk of fracture, respectively.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, two clinical trial registers, the websites of drug approval agencies, and the bibliographies of relevant systematic reviews. We identified eligible trials published between 1966 and February 2023.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomized controlled trials that assessed the benefits and harms of etidronate in the prevention of fractures for postmenopausal women. Women in the experimental arms must have received at least one year of etidronate, with or without other anti-osteoporotic drugs and concurrent calcium/vitamin D. Eligible comparators were placebo (i.e. no treatment; or calcium, vitamin D, or both) or another anti-osteoporotic drug. Major outcomes were clinical vertebral, non-vertebral, hip, and wrist fractures, withdrawals due to adverse events, and serious adverse events. We classified a study as secondary prevention if its population fulfilled one or more of the following hierarchical criteria: a diagnosis of osteoporosis, a history of vertebral fractures, a low bone mineral density T-score (≤ -2.5), or aged 75 years or older. If none of these criteria were met, we considered the study to be primary prevention.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. The review has three main comparisons: (1) etidronate 400 mg/day versus placebo; (2) etidronate 200 mg/day versus placebo; (3) etidronate at any dosage versus another anti-osteoporotic agent. We stratified the analyses for each comparison into primary and secondary prevention studies. For major outcomes in the placebo-controlled studies of etidronate 400 mg/day, we followed our original review by defining a greater than 15% relative change as clinically important. For all outcomes of interest, we extracted outcome measurements at the longest time point in the study.
MAIN RESULTS
Thirty studies met the review's eligibility criteria. Of these, 26 studies, with a total of 2770 women, reported data that we could extract and quantitatively synthesize. There were nine primary and 17 secondary prevention studies. We had concerns about at least one risk of bias domain in each study. None of the studies described appropriate methods for allocation concealment, although 27% described adequate methods of random sequence generation. We judged that only 8% of the studies avoided performance bias, and provided adequate descriptions of appropriate blinding methods. One-quarter of studies that reported efficacy outcomes were at high risk of attrition bias, whilst 23% of studies reporting safety outcomes were at high risk in this domain. The 30 included studies compared (1) etidronate 400 mg/day to placebo (13 studies: nine primary and four secondary prevention); (2) etidronate 200 mg/day to placebo (three studies, all secondary prevention); or (3) etidronate (both dosing regimens) to another anti-osteoporotic agent (14 studies: one primary and 13 secondary prevention). We discuss only the etidronate 400 mg/day versus placebo comparison here. For primary prevention, we collected moderate- to very low-certainty evidence from nine studies (one to four years in length) including 740 postmenopausal women at lower risk of fractures. Compared to placebo, etidronate 400 mg/day probably results in little to no difference in non-vertebral fractures (risk ratio (RR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20 to 1.61); absolute risk reduction (ARR) 4.8% fewer, 95% CI 8.9% fewer to 6.1% more) and serious adverse events (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.54; ARR 1.1% fewer, 95% CI 4.9% fewer to 5.3% more), based on moderate-certainty evidence. Etidronate 400 mg/day may result in little to no difference in clinical vertebral fractures (RR 3.03, 95% CI 0.32 to 28.44; ARR 0.02% more, 95% CI 0% fewer to 0% more) and withdrawals due to adverse events (RR 1.41, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.47; ARR 2.3% more, 95% CI 1.1% fewer to 8.4% more), based on low-certainty evidence. We do not know the effect of etidronate on hip fractures because the evidence is very uncertain (RR not estimable based on very low-certainty evidence). Wrist fractures were not reported in the included studies. For secondary prevention, four studies (two to four years in length) including 667 postmenopausal women at higher risk of fractures provided the evidence. Compared to placebo, etidronate 400 mg/day may make little or no difference to non-vertebral fractures (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.58; ARR 0.9% more, 95% CI 3.8% fewer to 8.1% more), based on low-certainty evidence. The evidence is very uncertain about etidronate's effects on hip fractures (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.17 to 5.19; ARR 0.0% fewer, 95% CI 1.2% fewer to 6.3% more), wrist fractures (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.13 to 6.04; ARR 0.0% fewer, 95% CI 2.5% fewer to 15.9% more), withdrawals due to adverse events (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.18; ARR 0.4% more, 95% CI 1.9% fewer to 4.9% more), and serious adverse events (RR not estimable), compared to placebo. Clinical vertebral fractures were not reported in the included studies.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
This update echoes the key findings of our previous review that etidronate probably makes or may make little to no difference to vertebral and non-vertebral fractures for both primary and secondary prevention.
Topics: Humans; Female; Osteoporotic Fractures; Etidronic Acid; Wrist Fractures; Secondary Prevention; Calcium; Postmenopause; Osteoporosis; Spinal Fractures; Hip Fractures; Vitamin D; Wrist Injuries
PubMed: 38591743
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003376.pub4 -
Nutrition Research and Practice Apr 2024Mushroom consumption, rich in diverse nutrients and bioactive compounds, is suggested as a potential significant contributor to preventing cardiometabolic diseases... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Mushroom consumption, rich in diverse nutrients and bioactive compounds, is suggested as a potential significant contributor to preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). This systematic review aimed to explore the association between mushrooms and cardiometabolic health outcomes, utilizing data from prospective cohort studies and clinical trials focusing on the general population, with mushrooms themselves as a major exposure.
SUBJECTS/METHODS
All original articles, published in English until July 2023, were identified through searches on PubMed, Ovid-Embase, and google scholar. Of 1,328 studies, we finally selected 5 prospective cohort studies and 4 clinical trials.
RESULTS
Existing research is limited, typically consisting of 1 to 2 studies for each CMD and cardiometabolic condition. Examination of articles revealed suggestive associations in some cardiometabolic conditions including blood glucose (both fasting and postprandial), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol related indices, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and obesity indices (body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference). However, mushroom consumption showed no association with the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, although there was a potentially beneficial connection with all cause-mortality, hyperuricemia, and metabolic syndrome.
CONCLUSION
Due to the scarcity of available studies, drawing definitive conclusions is premature. Further comprehensive investigations are needed to clarify the precise nature and extent of this relationship before making conclusive recommendations for the general population.
PubMed: 38584813
DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.2.165