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Phytotherapy Research : PTR Oct 2019Traditionally, sesame oil (SO) has been used as a popular food and medicine. The review aims to summarize the antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of SO and its...
A systematic review on antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil and further confirmation of antiinflammatory activity by chemical profiling and molecular docking.
Traditionally, sesame oil (SO) has been used as a popular food and medicine. The review aims to summarize the antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of SO and its identified compounds as well as further fatty acid profiling and molecular docking study to correlate the interaction of its identified constituents with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). For this, a literature study was made using Google Scholar, Pubmed, and SciFinder databases. Literature study demonstrated that SO has potential antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects in various test systems, including humans, animals, and cultured cells through various pathways such as inhibition of COX, nonenzymatic defense mechanism, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, NF-kB or mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and prostaglandin synthesis pathway. Fatty acid analysis of SO using gas chromatography identified known nine fatty acids. In silico study revealed that sesamin, sesaminol, sesamolin, stigmasterol, Δ5-avenasterol, and Δ7-avenasterol (-9.6 to -10.7 kcal/mol) were the most efficient ligand for interaction and binding with COX-2. The known fatty acid also showed binding efficiency with COX-2 to some extent (-6.0 to -8.4 kcal/mol). In summary, it is evident that SO may be one of promising traditional medicines that we could use in the prevention and management of diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Oxidative Stress; Sesame Oil
PubMed: 31373097
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6428 -
Pediatric Neurology Sep 2019Cerebrospinal fluid sample collection and analysis is imperative to better elucidate central nervous system injury and disease in children. Sample collection methods are...
Cerebrospinal fluid sample collection and analysis is imperative to better elucidate central nervous system injury and disease in children. Sample collection methods are varied and carry with them certain ethical and biologic considerations, complications, and contraindications. Establishing best practices for sample collection, processing, storage, and transport will ensure optimal sample quality. Cerebrospinal fluid samples can be affected by a number of factors including subject age, sampling method, sampling location, volume extracted, fraction, blood contamination, storage methods, and freeze-thaw cycles. Indicators of sample quality can be assessed by matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and include cystatin C fragments, oxidized proteins, prostaglandin D synthase, and evidence of blood contamination. Precise documentation of sample collection processes and the establishment of meticulous handling procedures are essential for the creation of clinically relevant biospecimen repositories. In this review we discuss the ethical considerations and best practices for cerebrospinal fluid collection, as well as the influence of preanalytical factors on cerebrospinal fluid analyses. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in highly researched pediatric diseases or disorders are discussed.
Topics: Cerebrospinal Fluid; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nervous System Diseases; Pediatrics; Specimen Handling; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 31280949
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.05.011 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Feb 2020Performing bioinformatics analyses using trabecular meshwork (TM) gene expression data in order to further elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of primary open-angle...
PURPOSE
Performing bioinformatics analyses using trabecular meshwork (TM) gene expression data in order to further elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and to identify candidate target genes.
METHODS
A systematic search in Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress was conducted, and quality control and preprocessing of the data was performed with ArrayAnalysis.org. Molecular pathway overrepresentation analysis was performed with PathVisio using pathway content from three pathway databases: WikiPathways, KEGG and Reactome. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed on the gene expression data. The significantly changed pathways were clustered into functional categories which were combined into a network of connected genes.
RESULTS
Ninety-two significantly changed pathways were clustered into five functional categories: extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammation, complement activation, senescence and Rho GTPase signalling. ECM included pathways involved in collagen, actin and cell-matrix interactions. Inflammation included pathways entailing NF-κB and arachidonic acid. The network analysis showed that several genes overlap between the inflammation cluster on the one hand, and the ECM, complement activation and senescence clusters on the other hand. GO analysis, identified additional clusters, related to development and corticosteroids.
CONCLUSION
This study provides an overview of the processes involved in the molecular pathogenesis of POAG in the TM. The results show good face validity and confirm findings from histological, biochemical, genome-wide association and transcriptomics studies. The identification of known points of action for drugs, such as Rho GTPase, arachidonic acid, NF-κB, prostaglandins and corticosteroid clusters, supports the value of this approach to identify potential drug targets.
Topics: Actins; Collagen; Computational Biology; DNA; Extracellular Matrix; Gene Expression Regulation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Trabecular Meshwork
PubMed: 31197946
DOI: 10.1111/aos.14154