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Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Jul 2023The psychedelic brew ayahuasca is increasingly being investigated for its therapeutic potential. Animal models are essential to investigate the pharmacological effects... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
The psychedelic brew ayahuasca is increasingly being investigated for its therapeutic potential. Animal models are essential to investigate the pharmacological effects of ayahuasca since they can control important factors influencing it, such as the set and setting.
OBJECTIVE
Review and summarise data available on ayahuasca research using animal models.
METHODS
We systematically searched five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, LILACS and PsycInfo) for peer-reviewed studies in English, Portuguese or Spanish published up to July 2022. The search strategy included ayahuasca- and animal model-related terms adapted from the SYRCLE search syntax.
RESULTS
We identified 32 studies investigating ayahuasca effects on toxicological, behavioural and (neuro)biological parameters in rodents, primates and zebrafish. Toxicological results show that ayahuasca is safe at ceremonial-based doses but toxic at high doses. Behavioural results indicate an antidepressant effect and a potential to reduce the reward effects of ethanol and amphetamines, while the anxiety-related outcomes are yet inconclusive; also, ayahuasca can influence locomotor activity, highlighting the importance of controlling the analysis for locomotion when using tasks depending on it. Neurobiological results show that ayahuasca affects brain structures involved in memory, emotion and learning and that other neuropathways, besides the serotonergic action, are important in modulating its effects.
CONCLUSIONS
Studies using animal models indicate that ayahuasca is toxicologically safe in ceremonial-comparable doses and indicates a therapeutic potential for depression and substance use disorder while not supporting an anxiolytic effect. Essential gaps in the ayahuasca field can still be sufficed using animal models.
Topics: Animals; Banisteriopsis; Zebrafish; Hallucinogens; Antidepressive Agents; Primates
PubMed: 36863501
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110738 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk of both a gradual decline in cognitive function and an increase in psychological distress. This includes symptoms... (Review)
Review
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk of both a gradual decline in cognitive function and an increase in psychological distress. This includes symptoms of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances, all of which are factors that have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In response, we are now seeing that interventions based on new digital technologies are increasingly used in order to optimize patients' quality of life. Systematic research of the literature on electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycInfo/ProQuest) covering the period from 2012 to 2022 was conducted in order to methodically review the existing evidence regarding the implementation and effectiveness of technology-based interventions in the management of cognitive and psychological well-being symptoms in patients with CKD. A total of 739 articles were retrieved, 13 of which are included in the present review. All the studies focused on the usability, acceptability, and feasibility of technology-based interventions aimed at psychological symptoms, with no studies targeting cognitive functioning. Technology-based interventions offer feelings of safety, fun, and satisfaction, and they also have the potential to improve CKD patients' health outcomes regarding their psychological well-being. The diverseness of technologies allows an approximation towards the identification of those types of technologies most frequently used, as well as the symptoms targeted. There was considerable heterogeneity in the types of technologies used for interventions in so few studies, making it difficult to draw conclusive findings with regard to their efficiency. In order to adequately assess the technology-based health interventions effect, future lines of research should consider designing non-pharmacological treatments for the improvement of cognitive and psychological symptoms in this type of patient.
Topics: Humans; Psychological Well-Being; Quality of Life; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Cognition; Technology
PubMed: 36834042
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043342 -
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy May 2023Most people with a mental disorder meet criteria for multiple disorders. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Most people with a mental disorder meet criteria for multiple disorders. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing psychotherapies for people with depression and comorbid other mental disorders with non-active control conditions. We identified studies through an existing database of randomized trials on psychotherapies for depression. Thirty-five trials (3,157 patients) met inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven of the 41 interventions in the 35 trials (66%) were based on CBT. The overall effect on depression was large (g = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.40 ~ 0.90), with high heterogeneity (I = 78%; 95% CI: 70 ~ 83). The ten studies in comorbid anxiety showed large effects on depression (g = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.30 ~ 1.51) and anxiety (g = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.28 ~ 1.74). For comorbid insomnia (11 comparisons) a large and significant effect on depression (g = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.16 ~ 1.82) and insomnia (g = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.38 ~ 2.38) were found. For comorbid substance use problems (12 comparisons) effects on depression (g = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.06 ~ 0.43) and on substance use problems (g = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.01 ~ 0.50) were significant. Most effects were no longer significant after adjustment for publication bias and when limited to studies with low risk of bias. Therapies are probably effective in the treatment of depression with comorbid anxiety, insomnia, and substance use problems.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Psychotherapy; Mental Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 36718645
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2023.2166578 -
Psychological Services Nov 2023Due to the recognition of the high prevalence and widespread effects of trauma, trauma-informed care (TIC) framework has emerged to address its impact and prevent...
Due to the recognition of the high prevalence and widespread effects of trauma, trauma-informed care (TIC) framework has emerged to address its impact and prevent retraumatization in the systems of care. Since organizational support has been identified as crucial in TIC implementation and sustainability, this systematic review assessed the status quo of TIC interventions which explicitly incorporate an organizational component. Our search yielded 880 articles, and 15 met the inclusion criteria. All the studies were carried out in the United States, more than half in mental health and Child Welfare Services, through longitudinal designs with no randomization or control group. All the studies utilized one to six organizational components, the most frequent related to presence of a defined leadership, procedures against retraumatization and provision of strength-based services. A wide variety of measures were used to assess the effectiveness of TIC interventions, with staff perceptions and safety management indicators being the most frequently used. In summary, the review indicates a positive trend in relation to the effectiveness of the interventions included in the study, with an improved functioning of beneficiaries, enhanced accessibility, and quality of services. However, the low quality and high heterogeneity of the studies make it difficult to draw conclusions with certainty. Therefore, the primary endeavor in TIC research is to provide more solid evidence. Partnerships between academic and community stakeholders will be of high value in this process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Child; Humans; Mental Health
PubMed: 36689374
DOI: 10.1037/ser0000737 -
Substance Use & Misuse 2023Research has suggested that religiosity is a protective factor in alcohol use, but this is an area that could be further explored. To undertake a systematic review of...
Research has suggested that religiosity is a protective factor in alcohol use, but this is an area that could be further explored. To undertake a systematic review of the literature on drinking patterns and their relationship with religiosity and non-religiosity in adult populations. We searched for relevant studies using the PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, and Psych-INFO databases. This review included only studies of people aged 18 and over which had a non-religious group as a comparison measure. Fifty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. The present review showed that religious people tend to have lower alcohol consumption compared to those with no religion. However, this difference appears only when religions are analyzed together without differentiating between religious affiliations (Catholicism, Buddhism, Evangelicalism, etc.). Some religious affiliations, such as Buddhism, Catholicism and Lutheranism, appear to be risk factors for alcohol consumption. Definitions of risk consumption showed high heterogeneity, ranging from eight to 21 or more doses per week, a difference of 13 doses of alcohol between studies. The present review showed that religious people tend to have lower alcohol consumption compared to non-religious people. However, the results are contradictory when religious affiliations are analyzed separately and compared with non-religious participants. Adequately understanding which dimensions of religiosity and non-religiosity (e.g., group processes, engagement, meaning, rules of behavior) are protective in adulthood is fundamental to the construction of more effective interventions in this age group.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Adolescent; Alcohol Drinking; Religion; Risk Factors; Health Behavior
PubMed: 36510842
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2155477 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology Feb 2023Laboratory procedures such as the Trier Social Stress Test or the (Socially Evaluated) Cold Pressor Test have been used to investigate working memory performance under... (Review)
Review
Laboratory procedures such as the Trier Social Stress Test or the (Socially Evaluated) Cold Pressor Test have been used to investigate working memory performance under stress. Researchers so far have reported a diverse spectrum of stress effects (including the lack thereof) on working memory tasks. We conducted a systematic review of the effect acute stress on working memory performance in standardized laboratory procedures. An overview of the existing literature suggests that acute stress affects working memory in a time-dependent manner, presumably due to the differing time scales of the main stress-reactive hormones involved. Based on the empirical evidence, we hypothesize that the immediate stress-induced release of noradrenaline decreases working memory performance within the first 10 min post stress. In addition, rapid cortisol effects impair working memory at a later time-interval beginning about 25 min post stress. We outline future research directions which could further explore the implications of our insights, as for example combined pharmacological and naturalistic stressor interventions.
Topics: Memory, Short-Term; Stress, Psychological; Hydrocortisone; Cognition; Saliva
PubMed: 36493660
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105998 -
Association of primary allostatic load mediators and metabolic syndrome (MetS): A systematic review.Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Allostatic load (AL) exposure may cause detrimental effects on the neuroendocrine system, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary mediators of AL involve serum...
Allostatic load (AL) exposure may cause detrimental effects on the neuroendocrine system, leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary mediators of AL involve serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; a functional HPA axis antagonist); further, cortisol, urinary norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI) excretion levels (assessed within 12-h urine as a golden standard for the evaluation of the HPA axis activity and sympathetic nervous system activity). However, the evidence of an association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS is limited. This systematic review aimed to critically examine the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles from January 2010 to December 2021, published in English. The search strategy focused on cross-sectional and case-control studies comprising adult participants with MetS, obesity, overweight, and without chronic diseases. The STROBE checklist was used to assess study quality control. Of 770 studies, twenty-one studies with a total sample size ( = 10,666) met the eligibility criteria. Eighteen studies were cross-sectional, and three were case-control studies. The included studies had a completeness of reporting score of COR % = 87.0 ± 6.4%. It is to be noted, that cortisol as a primary mediator of AL showed an association with MetS in 50% (urinary cortisol), 40% (serum cortisol), 60% (salivary cortisol), and 100% (hair cortisol) of the studies. For DHEAS, it is to conclude that 60% of the studies showed an association with MetS. In contrast, urinary EPI and urinary NE had 100% no association with MetS. In summary, there is a tendency for the association between higher serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, urinary cortisol, hair cortisol, and lower levels of DHEAS with MetS. Future studies focusing on longitudinal data are warranted for clarification and understanding of the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Pituitary-Adrenal System
PubMed: 36482995
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.946740 -
Ageing Research Reviews Feb 2023To conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses of the effect of socio-behavioral cognitive reserve (CR) proxies on cognitive decline after stroke. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses of the effect of socio-behavioral cognitive reserve (CR) proxies on cognitive decline after stroke.
METHOD
Three journal search and indexing databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Sciences) were crossed to examine the scientific evidence systematically. In addition, meta-analytic techniques, using mixed-effect methods, were carried out to estimate the impact (pooled effect size) of CR proxies on either dementia incidence or cognitive decline after stroke.
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic revision, whereas nineteen of them were eligible for the meta-analysis. The findings showed that high education is associated with a decreased rate of post-stroke dementia. Moreover, other CR proxies (e.g., occupation, bilingualism or social interaction) demonstrate a protective effect against non-dementia cognitive decline after stroke, although some inconsistencies were found in the literature. Regarding the meta-analysis, occupational attainment and education) showed a protective effect against post-stroke cognitive impairment diagnosis in comparison with a mixed category of different CR proxies. Second, a main cognitive change effect was found, pointing to greater cognitive change after stroke in those with low vs. high CR.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings emphasize that CR may prevent cognitive decline after stroke, but this effect can be modulated by different factors such the CR proxy and individual characteristics such as age or type of lesion. The methodological divergences of the studies (i.e., follow-up intervals, cognitive outcomes) need unification to diminish external sources of variability for predicting rates of cognitive decline after stroke.
Topics: Humans; Cognitive Reserve; Stroke; Cognitive Dysfunction; Educational Status; Incidence
PubMed: 36473672
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101814 -
How much does sleep deprivation impair endurance performance? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2023We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on endurance performance, as well as possible effect-modifying factors.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on endurance performance, as well as possible effect-modifying factors. Searches were done in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus on 12 July 2022. We additionally searched the bibliographic references and citations on Google Scholar of the papers whose full text was analyzed. Eligible studies were randomized and non-randomized controlled trials that compared sleep deprivation and habitual-sleep night effects on endurance performance in healthy humans. The studies' quality was examined by the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. We calculated the pooled standardized mean differences (pooled SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) by a random-effects model. A mixed-effects model analyzed subgroups. Thirty-one studies were analyzed (n = 478), generating 38 effect sizes in full. The overall risk of bias was low in 8% of the studies, unclear in 74%, and high in 18%. Sleep deprivation in general had a moderate negative effect on endurance performance (polled SMD [95%CI] = -0.52 [-0.67; -0.38]). Training status, sleep deprivation magnitude, assessment time, exercise mode, and endpoint type did not influence the sleep deprivation effect, whereas longer exercises (>30 min) were more affected by sleep deprivation than shorter ones ( = 0.035). Therefore, the available evidence supports that sleep deprivation's deleterious effect on endurance performance is of moderate size and depends on exercise duration. This information can be useful to estimate the performance decrement of endurance exercise practitioners under sleep deprivation in training routines and competitions.PROSPERO registration number CRD42021229717.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Deprivation; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Health Status; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 36472094
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2155583 -
Addictive Behaviors Reports Dec 2022Inpatient treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD), such as Therapeutic Communities and Residential Treatment has been used to test the effect of Mindfulness-Based... (Review)
Review
Inpatient treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD), such as Therapeutic Communities and Residential Treatment has been used to test the effect of Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI) over different outcomes. Although there is evidence of the effectiveness of MBIs, little is known about the particularities that the place may have in the outcomes. The main objective of this Systematic Review was to evaluate the effectiveness of MBIs for SUDs performed in the inpatient context. PubMed, Web of Science and PsycInfo were used for the search. Quantitative and qualitative studies with no control, usual treatment or other active comparator intervention for SUDs inpatient treatment from 1980 to 2020 were included. From 21 selected studies, 18 were quantitative and 3 qualitative; 12 studies were RCT. Most samples were comprised with women. Based on characteristics of outcomes, we were able to divide them into: Substance Use and Associated Outcomes, Stress, Impulsivity e Evaluation of the MBI protocol. Results suggest that stress assessment is a determining factor for treatment success in these settings. Regarding substance use, although several outcomes have been assessed, the most remarkable results were craving reduction and improvement in treatment adherence. There is evidence that MBIs in inpatient settings benefited those who participated in the experimental groups on some outcomes, such as stress and substance use. Little is mentioned about the impact of the environment over the outcomes and short follow-ups were a relevant limitation of most of the studies. Future assessments must increase follow-up time and evaluate the relationship between the context and the MBI.
PubMed: 36425879
DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100467