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Biology of Sport Jul 2024The aim of this study is to determine the acute effects of resistance and plyometric training on sprint and change of direction (COD) performance in healthy adults and... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study is to determine the acute effects of resistance and plyometric training on sprint and change of direction (COD) performance in healthy adults and adolescents. A systematic literature search was conducted via Medline, Cinahl, Scopus and SportDiscus databases for studies that investigated: 1) healthy male, female adults, or adolescents; and 2) measured sprint or change of direction performance following resistance and plyometric exercises. Studies were excluded if: 1) resistance or plyometric exercises was not used to induce muscle damage; 2) conducted in animals, infants, elderly; 3) sprint performance and/or agility performance was not measured 24 h post muscle damaging protocol. Study appraisal was completed using the Kmet Quality Scoring for Quantitative Study tool. Forest plots were generated to quantitatively analyse data and report study statistics for statistical significance and heterogeneity. The included studies ( = 20) revealed sprint and COD performance was significantly impaired up to 72 hr following resistance and plyometric exercises; both protocols significantly increased creatine kinase (CK), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and decreased countermovement jump (CMJ) up to 72 hr. The systematic review of 20 studies indicated that resistance and plyometric training significantly impaired sprint and COD performance up to 72 hours post-exercise. Both training protocols elevated exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) markers (CK, DOMS) and decreased CMJ performance within the same timeframe.
PubMed: 38952917
DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.131823 -
Andrology Jun 2024Erectile dysfunction (ED) is prevalent not only among older males but also in younger. The physical activity has been considered a potential protective factor against... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is prevalent not only among older males but also in younger. The physical activity has been considered a potential protective factor against ED. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the impact of exercise interventions specifically on ED patients.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the physical activity in addressing ED symptoms among adult males, without the use of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) therapy. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of different exercise modes.
METHODS
Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature search. A registered protocol is available at PROSPERO (CRD42023441717). Our search spanned PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, with data collection ending on 11 April 2024. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was applied by two independent authors to assess randomized controlled trial (RCT) quality. The primary endpoint was determined as the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores.
RESULTS
A total of seven RCTs were included. Utilizing a random-effects model, the estimated standardized mean difference (SMD) was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37 to 1.02, p < 0.0001) for the overall impact of the physical activity. Subgroup analysis revealed SMDs of 0.81 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.06; p < 0.00001) for aerobic training alone. However, no significant improvement was observed with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) (SMD 0.03; 95% CI -0.68 to 0.75; p = 0.93) and a combination of aerobic and resistance training (SMD 0.84; 95% CI -0.41 to 2.09; p = 0.19) CONCLUSION: The findings of this study highlight a significant improvement in the erectile function following exercise interventions for adult men with ED, who are not receiving the PDE5i therapy, especially in conducting aerobic training alone. However, PFMT and a combination of aerobic and resistance training did not show significant improvements in erectile function from this study.
PubMed: 38937909
DOI: 10.1111/andr.13682 -
Sexual Medicine Reviews Jun 2024One of the changes caused by pelvic cancers is the decrease in patients' sexual function, which influences their quality of life (QoL) during and after treatment. Sexual...
INTRODUCTION
One of the changes caused by pelvic cancers is the decrease in patients' sexual function, which influences their quality of life (QoL) during and after treatment. Sexual dysfunction (SD) is associated with severe ejaculatory dysfunction, sexual dissatisfaction, reduced libido and sexual desire, decreased intensity of orgasm, difficulty in erection, and lower sexual frequency.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review investigated the effectiveness of conservative treatments (nonsurgical and nonpharmacologic) for SD in males with pelvic cancer.
METHODS
Systematic searches were performed in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Embase, and VHL databases in September 2023 by using MeSH terms related to population, study design, intervention, and outcome.
RESULTS
Only prostate cancer studies were included due to a lack of studies in other treatments. Studies used pelvic floor muscle training (8 studies); biofeedback (1 study); a penile vibrator (1 study); electrostimulation (2 studies); shock wave therapy (2 studies); aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises (2 studies); and a vacuum erection device (1 study). All articles assessed sexual function and reported improvements in the intervention group, including 5 with no differences between the groups. Articles involving shock wave therapy described improvements in SD but were not clinically relevant. Studies evaluating QoL reported benefits in the experimental groups. Adverse effects of a vacuum erection device and penile vibrator were reported.
CONCLUSION
Conservative treatments are more effective than others in treating SD in men with prostate cancer. Further studies are needed to assess the unwanted effects of these treatments. In this study, we found evidence that this type of therapy improves sexual function and QoL in this population.
PubMed: 38936816
DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qeae045 -
Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii, I... 2024The number of middle-aged and elderly population is increasing every year. At the same time, the course of most chronic diseases worsens with age, which can be explained...
UNLABELLED
The number of middle-aged and elderly population is increasing every year. At the same time, the course of most chronic diseases worsens with age, which can be explained by significant changes in body composition, including redistribution and increase of fat mass and decrease in muscle and skeletal mass. Thus, a decrease in muscle mass becomes intrinsic for the body from the age of 40 and develops on average by 0.5-1.0% per year. The prevalence of patients with sarcopenia is estimated to be between 11 and 50% in different age groups of population: middle, elderly and senile. In addition, the decline in physical activity associated with the urbanization and automation of labor exacerbates the disease at a younger age, which predicts an increase in the number of such patients in the future.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the role of physical rehabilitation in sarcopenia.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review including studies found in PubMed, MedLine, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collections databases for 2019-2022 was conducted. The used enrollment criteria were the following: systematic reviews, including cross-over or cohort studies targeting at persons aged from 40 to 90 years of both sexes, with available data on sarcopenia, its severe form or other combinations of physical performance markers called sarcopenia. The mandatory parameter for inclusion in the study was the presence of the effectiveness assessment of physical rehabilitation without limiting its parameters. The systematic review was performed in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020.
RESULTS
The best kind of training are 30-60-minute comprehensive methods with predominance of resistance exercises with minimum duration of the course of 3 months and frequency of 3 inconsistent in-person trainings per week under the supervision of a specialist for patients with sarcopenia in order to increase muscle strength and mass, as well as performance. The intensity should consist of the following parameters: start with fewer sets but more repetitions (12-15) with less intensity (55% of maximum) and move to more sets with less repetition (4-6) and greater intensity (>80% of maximum).
CONCLUSION
This article describes the parameters of exercises that are most effective in terms of muscle strength and mass increase and safe for patients. The compilation and further study of this complex in practice are needed.
Topics: Sarcopenia; Humans; Female; Male; Aged; Middle Aged; Adult; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38934959
DOI: 10.17116/kurort202410103156 -
Journal of the International AIDS... Jun 2024Evidence-based intervention strategies to improve adherence among individuals living with chronic conditions are critical in ensuring better outcomes. In this systematic...
INTRODUCTION
Evidence-based intervention strategies to improve adherence among individuals living with chronic conditions are critical in ensuring better outcomes. In this systematic review, we assessed the impact of interventions that aimed to promote adherence to treatment for chronic conditions.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and CINAHL databases to identify relevant studies published between the years 2000 and 2023 and used the QUIPS assessment tool to assess the quality and risk of bias of each study. We extracted data from eligible studies for study characteristics and description of interventions for the study populations of interest.
RESULTS
Of the 32,698 total studies/records screened, 2814 were eligible for abstract screening and of those, 497 were eligible for full-text screening. A total of 82 studies were subsequently included, describing a total of 58,043 patients. Of the total included studies, 58 (70.7%) were related to antiretroviral therapy for HIV, 6 (7.3%) were anti-hypertensive medication-related, 12 (14.6%) were anti-diabetic medication-related and 6 (7.3%) focused on medication for more than one condition. A total of 54/82 (65.9%) reported improved adherence based on the described study outcomes, 13/82 (15.9%) did not have clear results or defined outcomes, while 15/82 (18.3%) reported no significant difference between studied groups. The 82 publications described 98 unique interventions (some studies described more than one intervention). Among these intervention strategies, 13 (13.3%) were multifaceted (4/13 [30.8%] multi-component health services- and community-based programmes, 6/13 [46.2%] included individual plus group counselling and 3/13 [23.1%] included SMS or alarm reminders plus individual counselling).
DISCUSSION
The interventions described in this review ranged from adherence counselling to more complex interventions such as mobile health (mhealth) interventions. Combined interventions comprised of different components may be more effective than using a single component in isolation. However, the complexity involved in designing and implementing combined interventions often complicates the practicalities of such interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
There is substantial evidence that community- and home-based interventions, digital health interventions and adherence counselling interventions can improve adherence to medication for chronic conditions. Future research should answer if existing interventions can be used to develop less complicated multifaceted adherence intervention strategies.
Topics: Humans; Africa South of the Sahara; Chronic Disease; HIV Infections; Medication Adherence
PubMed: 38924296
DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26266 -
Sports (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of plyometric-jump training (PJT) on the physical fitness of youth with cerebral palsy (CP) compared with... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of plyometric-jump training (PJT) on the physical fitness of youth with cerebral palsy (CP) compared with controls (i.e., standard therapy). The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. Eligibility was assessed using the PICOS approach. Literature searches were conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. Methodological study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Data were meta-analyzed by applying a random-effects model to calculate Hedges' g effect sizes (ES), along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The impact of heterogeneity was assessed ( statistic), and the certainty of evidence was determined using the GRADE approach. Eight randomized-controlled studies with low-to-moderate methodological quality were included, involving male (n = 225) and female (n = 138) youth aged 9.5 to 14.6 years. PJT interventions lasted between 8 and 12 weeks with 2-4 weekly sessions. Compared with controls, PJT improved the muscle strength (ES = 0.66 [moderate], 95% CI = 0.36-0.96, < 0.001, = 5.4%), static (ES = 0.69 [moderate], 95% CI= 0.33-1.04, < 0.001, = 0.0%) and dynamic balance (ES = 0.85 [moderate], 95% CI = 0.12-1.58, = 0.023, = 81.6%) of youth with CP. Therefore, PJT improves muscle strength and static and dynamic balance in youth with CP compared with controls. However, more high-quality randomized-controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to provide a more definitive recommendation regarding the use and safety of PJT to improve measures of physical fitness.
PubMed: 38921846
DOI: 10.3390/sports12060152 -
Telemedicine Journal and E-health : the... Jun 2024This study aimed to demonstrate the technological means used to offer telerehabilitation and to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on the population affected by... (Review)
Review
Effect of Telerehabilitation on Pulmonary Function, Functional Capacity, Physical Fitness, Dyspnea, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis.
This study aimed to demonstrate the technological means used to offer telerehabilitation and to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on the population affected by COVID-19. Clinical trials were searched in the electronic databases Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCO (CINAHL), PEDro, and Web of Science from January 16 to 19, 2023. The effect measure was estimated as mean difference (MD) or standard MD (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analysis was used to study potential moderating factors. Twenty-four articles, describing trials with a total of 1,344 individuals affected by COVID-19, were included in the qualitative synthesis and 14 articles in the meta-analysis. The pooled results revealed that telerehabilitation improves the functional capacity (MD 79.65 [63.57, 95.73]m, < 0.00001), agility (MD -0.69 [-1.33, -0.04] s, = 0.04), lower limb strength and endurance (SMD 0.74 [0.52, 0.96], < 0.00001), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (MD 0.22 [-0.04, 0.49] L, = 0.10), and dyspnea (SMD -0.94 [-1.64, -0.24], = 0.009). The dynamic muscular resistance training associated or not with other exercise modalities led to improvements in muscular strength (MD 4.69 [0.44, 8.94] kg, = 0.03) and fatigue (SMD -0.97 [-1.74, -0.20], = 0.01). In addition, telerehabilitation showed improvements in the quality of life in the contagious-phase COVID-19 patients. Although this intervention improved inspiratory muscle strength (MD 13.71 [5.41, 22.0] cmHO, = 0.001), it did not favor forced vital capacity. Telerehabilitation contributed to improving functional capacity, inspiratory muscle strength, physical fitness, and quality of life, and reducing dyspnea and fatigue in COVID-19 adult survivors.
PubMed: 38920003
DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0653 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Jun 2024Persistently elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is associated with a higher risk of long-term vascular complications.
The Best Exercise Modality and Dose to Reduce Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review with Pairwise, Network, and Dose-Response Meta-Analyses.
BACKGROUND
Persistently elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is associated with a higher risk of long-term vascular complications.
OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the effect of different exercise modalities and doses on HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
A systematic search for randomized controlled trials involving exercise interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes was conducted across seven electronic databases, encompassing data from their inception up to October 2023. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of the literature. Pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses using the random-effects model were conducted to analyze the effect of exercise on HbA1c levels.
RESULTS
A total of 85 randomized controlled trials with 5535 participants were included. The network meta-analysis showed that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has the highest ranked (MD = - 0.78% [- 8.50 mmol/mol]; 95% CrI: - 1.04, - 0.51), followed by combined aerobic and resistance exercise (CE) (MD = - 0.54% [- 5.90 mmol/mol]; 95% CrI: - 0.69, - 0.40), yoga (MD = - 0.45% [- 4.92 mmol/mol]; 95% CrI: - 0.77, - 0.13), and continuous aerobic exercise (CAE) (MD = - 0.42% [- 4.58 mmol/mol]; 95% CrI: - 0.54, - 0.30). In addition, a significant improvement in HbA1c levels can be observed when the total exercise dose reaches 840 metabolic equivalent of tasks-min/week.
CONCLUSIONS
There was low-quality evidence that HIIT, CE, yoga, and CAE may be effective treatment modalities for improving HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes, and there was no significant difference in efficacy. Moreover, a non-linear dose-response relationship was found for total exercise and HbA1c levels. Future research should further investigate the specific effects of different exercise doses on HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and provide a more personalized exercise prescription.
PubMed: 38916824
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02057-6 -
Psicologia, Reflexao E Critica :... Jun 2024Body image is the mental representation of the body and can be influenced by cognitive, biological, behavioral, sociocultural, and environmental factors. University... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Body image is the mental representation of the body and can be influenced by cognitive, biological, behavioral, sociocultural, and environmental factors. University students often encounter challenges related to it.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review examined interventions aimed at holistically developing a positive body image within this population.
METHODS
The PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PICO method were employed to identify, select, assess, and synthesize studies. The consulted databases included Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, with inclusion criteria targeting body image interventions for university students aged 18 to 39. Study quality was evaluated using the QATSDD tool.
RESULTS
Twenty-one relevant studies were identified, primarily from the United States, mostly employing quantitative methods, with a focus on female participants. Various intervention strategies were utilized, including cognitive-behavioral approaches, media literacy, and physical/resistance training, with a growing use of technology like mobile applications. The majority of studies reported effective outcomes, such as reduced body dissatisfaction and increased self-esteem following interventions. Nevertheless, literature gaps were identified, such as the scarcity of formative interventions and limited use of qualitative approaches.
CONCLUSION
While technology in interventions offers promising opportunities, careful assessments and judicious selection of evaluation instruments are fundamental for reliable results. Future research should focus on addressing identified gaps, such as exploring more formative interventions and incorporating qualitative methodologies to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of body image interventions among university students.
PubMed: 38913140
DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00307-0 -
Sports Health Jun 2024Movement velocity (MV) may be a valid tool to evaluate and control the load in resistance training (RT). The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) also enables practical... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Movement velocity (MV) may be a valid tool to evaluate and control the load in resistance training (RT). The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) also enables practical load management. The relationship between RPE and MV may be used to monitor RT intensity.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the validity and practicality of RPE scales related to MV and training intensity in resistance exercise. We hypothesize a positive correlation among RPE, MV, and load intensity in RT. Therefore, RPE may serve as a supplementary indicator in monitoring RT load.
DATA SOURCES
Boolean algorithms were used to search several databases (SPORTDiscus, EBSCO, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar).
STUDY SELECTION
Studies published from 2009 to 2023 included clinical trials (randomized or not) in healthy female and male subjects that analyzed the relationship between different RPE scales and MV in basic RT exercises.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 3.
RESULTS
A total of 18 studies were selected using different RPE scales with reported MV training loads. Participants included RT and untrained male and female subjects (15-31 years old). Two RPE scales (OMNI-RES and repetitions in reserve) were used. The selected studies showed moderate positive correlations among these RPE scales, MV, and training load (eg, percentage of 1-repetition maximum [%1-RM]). In addition, equations have been developed to estimate %1-RM and MV loss based on the OMNI-RES scale.
CONCLUSION
Studies show that RPE scales and MV constitute a valid, economic, and practical tool for assessing RT load progression and complementing other training monitoring variables. Exercise professionals should consider familiarizing participants with RPE scales and factors that might influence the perception of exertion (eg, level of training, motivation, and environmental conditions).
PubMed: 38910451
DOI: 10.1177/19417381241260412