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Clinical Breast Cancer Aug 2020Epidemiologic studies focusing on the association between 1-carbon metabolism-related vitamins (ie, folate, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin B) and breast cancer risk have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Epidemiologic studies focusing on the association between 1-carbon metabolism-related vitamins (ie, folate, vitamin B, vitamin B, vitamin B) and breast cancer risk have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a systematic search of the reported data and performed a meta-analysis of prospective case-control and cohort studies to derive a more precise evaluation. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched to identify eligible studies. A total of 27 studies involving 49,707 cases and 1,274,060 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that a high intake of folate, vitamin B, and vitamin B might decrease the risk of breast cancer. The corresponding pooled relative risks (RRs) for the highest intake compared with the lowest were 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.99; P = .018), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89-1.00; P = .037) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82-0.99; P = .026). No significant association between vitamin B and breast cancer risk was found (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94-1.04; P = .604). Further study showed that folate and vitamin B might decrease the risk of estrogen receptor-negative (ER)/progesterone receptor-negative (PR) breast cancer but not ER/PR breast cancer. The dose-response meta-analysis indicated a significant linearity relationship between folate intake and a reduced risk of ER/PR breast cancer. An increment of folate intake (100 μg/d) corresponded to a 7% deceased risk of ER/PR breast cancer (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98; P = .007). In conclusion, a high intake of 1-carbon metabolism-related vitamins might contribute to the prevention of breast cancer, especially ER/PR breast cancer.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Diet Surveys; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Prospective Studies; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Riboflavin; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6
PubMed: 32241696
DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.02.012 -
Components of one-carbon metabolism and renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European Journal of Nutrition Dec 2020Little is known about the aetiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Components of one-carbon (1C) metabolism, which are required for nucleotide synthesis and methylation... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Little is known about the aetiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Components of one-carbon (1C) metabolism, which are required for nucleotide synthesis and methylation reactions, may be related to risk of RCC but existing evidence is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and independent exposure-specific meta-analyses of dietary intake and circulating biomarkers of 1C metabolites and RCC risk.
METHODS
Medline and Embase databases were searched for observational studies investigating RCC or kidney cancer incidence or mortality in relation to components of 1C metabolism and 12 eligible articles were included in the meta-analyses. We used Bayesian meta-analyses to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) comparing the highest versus lowest categories as well as the between-study heterogeneity.
RESULTS
We did not find convincing evidence of an association between any exposure (riboflavin, vitamin B, folate, vitamin B, methionine, homocysteine, choline, or betaine) and RCC risk. However, vitamin B biomarker status did have a protective (RR = 0.62) but imprecise (95% CrI 0.39-1.14) effect estimate and folate intake had a notable association as well (RR = 0.85, 95% CrI 0.71-1.01).
CONCLUSION
There was a lack of precision due largely to the low number of studies. Further investigation is warranted, especially for folate and vitamin B, which had consistent suggestive evidence of a protective effect for both dietary intake and biomarker status. A unique strength of this review is the use of Bayesian meta-analyses which allowed for robust estimation of between-study heterogeneity.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Carbon; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Folic Acid; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6
PubMed: 32162043
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02211-6 -
Nutrients Jan 2020Obesity is associated with reduced gut microbial diversity and a high rate of micronutrient deficiency. Bariatric surgery, the therapy of choice for severe obesity,...
Obesity is associated with reduced gut microbial diversity and a high rate of micronutrient deficiency. Bariatric surgery, the therapy of choice for severe obesity, produces sustained weight loss and improvements in obesity-related comorbidities. Also, it significantly alters the gut microbiota (GM) composition and function, which might have an important impact on the micronutrient status as GM is able to synthesize certain vitamins, such as riboflavin, folate, B, or vitamin K. However, recent data have reported that GM is not fully restored after bariatric surgery; therefore, manipulation of GM through probiotics represents a promising therapeutic approach in bariatric patients. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence concerning the relationship between obesity, GM and micronutrients, the impact of bariatric surgery on GM in relation with micronutrients equilibrium, and the importance of the probiotics' supplementation in obese patients submitted to surgical treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bariatric Surgery; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Micronutrients; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Probiotics; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31963247
DOI: 10.3390/nu12010235 -
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and... 2020Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a common inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent, painful, and malodorous abscesses and nodules predominantly in skin folds. HS...
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a common inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent, painful, and malodorous abscesses and nodules predominantly in skin folds. HS is associated with substantial morbidity and poor quality of life. There are no curative therapies, and the only approved biologic drug has variable efficacy and requires high doses, making adjunct treatments crucial. An important risk factor for disease severity is obesity. Our primary objective was to conduct a systematic review examining weight loss and dietary interventions, in HS. Our secondary objective was to examine nutritional supplements in HS.A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database. We included all study types in adults (>18 years), with a minimum sample size of 5, examining the effects of any dietary or weight loss intervention on HS severity. Two authors screened = 1279 articles of which 9 met inclusion criteria. All included studies were observational and all interventions were associated with various measures of decreased HS severity. Patient-controlled weight loss and bariatric surgery were associated with HS regression, though a subset of patients with significant increase in panniculi experienced exacerbations and required excision of excess skin. Diets demonstrating benefit eliminated dairy and brewer's yeast. Nutritional supplements including zinc gluconate, vitamin D, and riboflavin had a suppressive, rather than curative, effect on HS lesions in single studies. Overall, the reviewed interventions show promise as potential adjunct treatments in a HS management plan. Prospective randomized controlled trials should validate these findings.
Topics: Dietary Supplements; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Life Style; Quality of Life; Weight Loss
PubMed: 31502868
DOI: 10.1177/1203475419874412 -
The Ocular Surface Oct 2019To examine the efficacy of adjuvant photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal cross-linking (PACK-CXL) for the treatment of infectious keratitis (IK). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To examine the efficacy of adjuvant photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis-corneal cross-linking (PACK-CXL) for the treatment of infectious keratitis (IK).
METHODS
Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central, were searched for articles related to PACK-CXL. All clinical studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled studies, case series and case reports, were included. A meta-analysis was further performed when there were sufficient similarities in the included RCTs. Primary outcome measure was time to complete corneal healing and secondary outcome measures included size of epithelial defect and infiltrate, corrected-distance-visual-acuity (CDVA), and adverse events.
RESULTS
Forty-six eligible studies (including four RCTs) with 435 patients were included. When compared to standard antimicrobial treatment (SAT) alone, adjuvant PACK-CXL resulted in shorter mean time to complete corneal healing (-7.44 days; 95% CI, -10.71 to -4.16) and quicker resolution of the infiltrate at 7 days (-5.49 mm; 95% CI, -7.44 to -3.54) and at 14-30 days (-5.27 mm; 95% CI, -9.12 to -1.41). There was no significant difference in the size of epithelial defect, CDVA and risk of adverse events. Evidence on the use of PACK-CXL in acanthamoeba and mixed IK was insufficient.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrates that adjuvant PACK-CXL expedites the healing of IK when compared to SAT alone (low-quality evidence). Further adequately powered, high-quality RCTs are required to fully ascertain the therapeutic effect of PACK-CXL.
Topics: Chromophore-Assisted Light Inactivation; Collagen; Cross-Linking Reagents; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Keratitis; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Riboflavin; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 31401338
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.08.006 -
International Ophthalmology Nov 2019To compare the one-year efficacy of accelerated and standard 5.4 J/cm protocols of cross-linking (CXL) in the treatment of progressive keratoconus.
PURPOSE
To compare the one-year efficacy of accelerated and standard 5.4 J/cm protocols of cross-linking (CXL) in the treatment of progressive keratoconus.
METHODS
In this systematic review, two members of the research team searched Scopus, Pubmed, ISI, Ovid, Science Direct, and Cochrane databases independently for publications between January 2010 and December 2016. The majority of retrieved studies were not randomized clinical trials (RCT), or the second arm of the RCT was either untreated or customized CXL. The outcomes of interest were uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, manifest refraction spherical equivalent, maximum keratometry in the central 3 mm, minimum keratometry in the central 3 mm, and corneal thickness in the apex or thinnest point at baseline and 1 year after CXL.
RESULTS
Of the 453 papers found in the preliminary search, 23 papers were included in the final analysis. Analysis of variance of one-year changes showed that longer irradiation times were associated with a greater corneal flattening effect, although there was no difference in terms of improvement in vision or refraction.
CONCLUSIONS
In other words, efficacy is comparable among different CXL protocols, so it is recommended to use the standard method in cases where maximum flattening is expected, such as young people and severe cases.
Topics: Collagen; Cornea; Corneal Topography; Cross-Linking Reagents; Humans; Keratoconus; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Riboflavin; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 31222533
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01091-y