-
Frontiers in Physiology 2021Our understanding of human gut microbiota has expanded in recent years with the introduction of high-throughput sequencing methods. These technologies allow for the...
Our understanding of human gut microbiota has expanded in recent years with the introduction of high-throughput sequencing methods. These technologies allow for the study of metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomic bacterial alterations as they relate to human disease. Work in this area has described the human gut microbiome in both healthy individuals and those with chronic gastrointestinal diseases, such as eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). A systematic review of the current available literature on metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomic changes in EoE was performed. This review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. All relevant publications up to March 2021 were retrieved using the search engines PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. They were then extracted, assessed, and reviewed. Only original studies published in English were included. A total of 46 potential manuscripts were identified for review. Twelve met criteria for further review based on relevance screening and 9 met criteria for inclusion, including 6 studies describing the microbiome in EoE and 3 detailing metabolomic/tissue biochemistry alterations in EoE. No published studies examined metatranscriptomic changes. Samples for microbiome analysis were obtained via esophageal biopsy ( = 3), esophageal string test ( = 1), salivary sampling ( = 1), or stool specimen ( = 1). Samples analyzing tissue biochemistry were obtained via esophageal biopsy ( = 2) and blood plasma ( = 1). There were notable differences in how samples were collected and analyzed. Metabolomic and tissue biochemical alterations were described using Raman spectroscopy, which demonstrated distinct differences in the spectral intensities of glycogen, lipid, and protein content compared to controls. Finally, research in proteomics identified an increase in the pro-fibrotic protein thrombospondin-1 in patients with EoE compared with controls. While there are notable changes in the microbiome, these differ with the collection technique and method of analysis utilized. Techniques characterizing metabolomics and tissue biochemistry are now being utilized to further study patients with EoE. The lack of published data related to the human microbiome, metagenome, metatranscriptome, and metabolome in patients with EoE highlights the need for further research in these areas.
PubMed: 34566693
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.731034 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2021Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity in men. Potentially important regulators of prostate cancer progression are members of the metzincin...
Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity in men. Potentially important regulators of prostate cancer progression are members of the metzincin superfamily of proteases, principally through their regulation of the extracellular matrix. It is therefore timely to review the role of the metzincin superfamily in prostate cancer and its progression to better understand their involvement in this disease. A systematic-like search strategy was conducted. Articles that investigated the roles of members of the metzincin superfamily and their key regulators in prostate cancer were included. The extracted articles were synthesized and data presented in tabular and narrative forms. Two hundred and five studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 138 investigated the role of the Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) subgroup, 34 the Membrane-Tethered Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) subgroup, 22 the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) subgroup, 8 the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) subgroup and 53 the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases (TIMP) family of regulators, noting that several studies investigated multiple family members. There was clear evidence that specific members of the metzincin superfamily are involved in prostate cancer progression, which can be either in a positive or negative manner. However, further understanding of their mechanisms of action and how they may be used as prognostic indicators or molecular targets is required.
Topics: ADAM Proteins; ADAMTS Proteins; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; Metalloproteases; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases
PubMed: 33808504
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073608 -
Aging Oct 2020To systematically review literature evidence to discover the association of ADAMTS7 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin-like motifs 7) polymorphisms... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review literature evidence to discover the association of ADAMTS7 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin-like motifs 7) polymorphisms and the risk of developing CAD (coronary artery disease).
DATA SOURCES
A related literature search in online databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science was undertaken. The period covered was from 2007 to September 10, 2019.
RESULTS
Of 256 citations retrieved, nine relevant studies were selected for detailed evaluation. Five SNPs (rs3825807, rs1994016, rs4380028, rs79265682, and rs28455815) in ADAMTS7 gene were identified among included studies. There were 51,851 cases and 89,998 controls included in four studies for SNP rs3825807, 13,403 cases and 11,381 controls included in two studies for SNP rs1994016, 37,838 cases and 38,245 controls included in two studies for SNP rs4380028, 3,133 cases and 5,423 controls included in one study for SNP rs79265682, 103,494 cases and 198,684 controls included in one study for SNP rs28455815. We found most consistent evidence for an association with CAD on coronary angiogram with ADAMTS7 SNP rs3825807 risk allele A in contrast to control G allele, followed by rs4380028 (C vs. T allele), and rs1994016 (C vs. T allele).
CONCLUSIONS
ADAMTS7 polymorphism is likely an important risk factor for development of CAD. Our data also suggest that the ADAMTS7 polymorphism may be a risk factor for CAD progression in patients who already have pathology in their coronary arteries.
REVIEW METHODS
We included all studies in English language that reported correlation between the ADAMTS7 polymorphism and CAD in human cases.
Topics: ADAMTS7 Protein; Coronary Artery Disease; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 33122452
DOI: 10.18632/aging.104118 -
BMC Medical Genetics Jun 2020Published studies present conflicting data regarding the impact of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression on prognosis of various cancers. We performed this meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Published studies present conflicting data regarding the impact of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression on prognosis of various cancers. We performed this meta-analysis to illustrate the preliminary predictive value of TSP-1.
METHODS
Twenty-four studies with a total of 2379 patients were included. A comprehensive literature search was performed by using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and hand searches were also conducted of relevant bibliographies. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for patient survival and disease recurrence were initially identified to explore relationships between TSP-1 expression and patient prognosis.
RESULTS
A total of 24 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Our results showed that high level of TSP-1 was correlated significantly with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.17 ~ 1.68; P<0.001). However, high TSP-1 expression predicted no significant impact on progression-free survival (PFS)/ metastasis-free survival (MFS) (HR = 1.35, 95%CI: 0.87-2.10; P = 0.176) and disease-free survival (DFS)/ recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 1.40, 95%CI: 0.77-2.53; P = 0.271). In addition, we performed subgroup analyses which showed that high TSP-1 expression predicted poor prognosis in breast cancer and gynecological cancer. Additionally, the relatively small number of studies on PFS/MFS and DFS/RFS is a limitation. The data extracted through Kaplan-Meier curves may not be accurate. Moreover, only English articles were included in this article, which may lead to deviations in the results.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicated high TSP-1 expression may act as a promising biomarker of poor prognosis in cancers, especially in breast cancer and gynecological cancer.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Disease Progression; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Publication Bias; Thrombospondin 1
PubMed: 32600280
DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01073-3 -
Biomolecules Mar 2020ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) are a family of multidomain extracellular protease enzymes with 19 members. A growing number of...
ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) are a family of multidomain extracellular protease enzymes with 19 members. A growing number of ADAMTS family gene variants have been identified in patients with various hereditary diseases. To understand the genomic landscape and mutational spectrum of ADAMTS family genes, we evaluated all reported variants in the ClinVar database and Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), as well as recent literature on Mendelian hereditary disorders associated with ADAMTS family genes. Among 1089 variants in 14 genes reported in public databases, 307 variants previously suggested for pathogenicity in Mendelian diseases were comprehensively re-evaluated using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) 2015 guideline. A total of eight autosomal recessive genes were annotated as being strongly associated with specific Mendelian diseases, including two recently discovered genes ( and ) for their causality in congenital diseases (nephronophthisis-related ciliopathy and nonsyndromic heart valve disease, respectively). Clinical symptoms and affected organs were extremely heterogeneous among hereditary diseases caused by ADAMTS family genes, indicating phenotypic heterogeneity despite their structural and functional similarity. was suggested as presenting undiscovered pathogenic mutations responsible for novel Mendelian disorders. Our study is the first to highlight the genomic landscape of ADAMTS family genes, providing an appropriate genetic approach for clinical use.
Topics: ADAMTS Proteins; ADAMTS9 Protein; Ciliopathies; Databases, Nucleic Acid; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Mutation
PubMed: 32183147
DOI: 10.3390/biom10030449 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Jan 2020To evaluate disease presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes in pregnancy-associated atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS).
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate disease presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes in pregnancy-associated atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS).
DATA SOURCES
We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, EMBASE and Google Scholar, from inception until March 2018.
METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION
We included English-language articles describing aHUS in pregnancy or postpartum. The diagnosis of aHUS was characterized by hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure and was distinguished from typical diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Patients were excluded if individual data could not be obtained, the diagnosis was unclear, or an alternative etiology was more likely, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Reports were appraised by two reviewers, with disagreements adjudicated by a third reviewer.
TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS
The search identified 796 articles. After review of titles, abstracts, and full text, we identified 48 reports describing 60 unique cases of pregnancy-associated aHUS, with 66 pregnancies. Twelve cases involved pregnancy in women with known aHUS, and 54 cases involved first-episode pregnancy-associated aHUS. Women with known aHUS, particularly those with baseline creatinine at or above 1.5 mg/dL, had a high rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes. For first-episode pregnancy-associated aHUS, diagnosis most often occurred postpartum (94%), after a cesarean delivery (70%), in nulliparous women (58%). Preceding obstetric complications were common and included fetal death, preeclampsia, and hemorrhage. Diagnosis was usually made clinically, based on the triad of microangiopathic hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. Additional testing included renal biopsy, complement genetic testing, and ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) testing. Treatment modalities included corticosteroids, plasma exchange, dialysis, and eculizumab. More women with first-episode pregnancy-associated aHUS achieved disease remission when treated with eculizumab, compared with those not treated with eculizumab (88% vs 57%, P=.02).
CONCLUSION
Pregnancy-associated aHUS usually presents in the postpartum period, often after a pregnancy complication, and eculizumab is effective for achieving disease remission.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO, CRD42019129266.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; Complement Inactivating Agents; Female; Humans; Plasma Exchange; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 31809447
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003554