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Clinical Cardiology Jul 2024Chronic heart failure (CHF) has always posed a significant threat to human survival and health. The efficacy of thiamine supplementation in CHF patients remains... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Chronic heart failure (CHF) has always posed a significant threat to human survival and health. The efficacy of thiamine supplementation in CHF patients remains uncertain.
HYPOTHESIS
Receiving supplementary thiamine may not confer benefits to patients with CHF.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted across the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science databases up until May 2023 to identify articles investigating the effects of thiamine supplementation in CHF patients. Predefined criteria were utilized for selecting data on study characteristics and results.
RESULTS
Seven randomized, double-blind, controlled trials (five parallel trials and two crossover trials) involving a total of 274 patients were enrolled. The results of the meta-analysis pooling these studies did not reveal any significant effect of thiamine treatment compared with placebo on left ventricular ejection fraction (WMD = 1.653%, 95% CI: -1.098 to 4.405, p = 0.239, I = 61.8%), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (WMD = -6.831 mL, 95% CI: -26.367 to 12.704, p = 0.493, I = 0.0%), 6-min walking test (WMD = 16.526 m, 95% CI: -36.582 to 69.634, p = 0.542, I = 66.3%), N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (WMD = 258.150 pg/mL, 95% CI: -236.406 to 752.707, p = 0.306, I = 21.6%), or New York Heart Association class (WMD = -0.223, 95% CI: -0.781 to 0.335, p = 0.434, I = 87.1%). However, it effectively improved the status of thiamine deficiency (TD).
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis indicates that thiamine supplementation does not have a direct therapeutic effect on CHF, except for correcting TD.
Topics: Humans; Heart Failure; Thiamine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Dietary Supplements; Chronic Disease; Ventricular Function, Left; Stroke Volume; Vitamin B Complex; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38940395
DOI: 10.1002/clc.24309 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Jun 2024A balanced and healthy diet during the menopausal transition and after menopause is crucial for women to reduce the risk for morbidities and chronic diseases due to...
A systematic review on the impact of nutrition and possible supplementation on the deficiency of vitamin complexes, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene in relation to increased morbidity in women after menopause.
UNLABELLED
A balanced and healthy diet during the menopausal transition and after menopause is crucial for women to reduce the risk for morbidities and chronic diseases due to deficiency of essential nutrients.
PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies that analyzed the impact of vitamin and nutrient deficiencies in postmenopausal women in relation to increased morbidities and chronic conditions.
METHODS
Observational studies were searched in the databases PubMed, UpToDate, and Google Scholar.
RESULTS
We searched 122 studies, of which 90 were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis of the data could not be performed because of the heterogeneity of the statistical methods in the included studies. In our study, we focused on the aspects of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene, belonging to the family of carotenoids. Postmenopausal women with deficiencies of these nutrients are more vulnerable to comorbidities such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, metabolic diseases, osteoporosis, obesity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, cognitive decline, dementia, and stroke. We concluded that women after menopause tend to have a greater probability of suffering from deficiencies in various vitamins and nutrients, and consequently have an increased risk of developing morbidities and chronic diseases.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, maintaining optimum serum levels of nutrients and vitamins, either through a balanced and healthy diet consuming fresh fruits, vegetables, and fats or by taking appropriate supplementation, is essential in maintaining optimal health-related quality of life and reducing the risk for women during the menopausal transition and after menopause. Nevertheless, more recent studies need to be assessed to formulate adequate recommendations to achieve positive clinical outcomes.
PubMed: 38935105
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07555-6 -
Dentistry Journal May 2024This review's objective is to examine the findings from various studies on oral signs and symptoms related to vitamin deficiency. In October 2023, two electronic... (Review)
Review
This review's objective is to examine the findings from various studies on oral signs and symptoms related to vitamin deficiency. In October 2023, two electronic databases (Scopus and PubMed) were searched for published scientific articles following PRISMA principles. Articles eligible for inclusion in this review had to be published in English between 2017 and 2023, be original studies, and involve human subjects. Fifteen studies were included in this review: three examining oral symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency; one assessing vitamin B complex and vitamin E for recurrent oral ulcers; one investigating serum vitamin D levels in recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients; three exploring hypovitaminosis effects on dental caries; two measuring blood serum vitamin D levels; one evaluating vitamin B12 hypovitaminosis; three investigating hypovitaminosis as indicative of gingival disease; one focusing on vitamin deficiencies and enamel developmental abnormalities; one assessing vitamin deficiencies in oral cancer patients; one examining vitamin K as an oral anticoagulant and its role in perioperative hemorrhage; and one evaluating vitamin effects on burning mouth syndrome. Despite some limitations, evidence suggests a correlation between vitamin deficiencies and oral symptoms. This systematic review was registered in the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY) database (202430039).
PubMed: 38920853
DOI: 10.3390/dj12060152 -
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Jun 2024Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with higher rates of autoimmune disease, including noninfectious uveitis. This PRISMA-compliant review and meta-analysis aimed...
PURPOSE
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with higher rates of autoimmune disease, including noninfectious uveitis. This PRISMA-compliant review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the correlation between noninfectious uveitis and vitamin D levels.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for studies, published in English, assessing vitamin D levels in patients diagnosed with noninfectious uveitis. The outcomes of interest were vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D mean level, vitamin D supplementation, and smoking rates. A subgroup analysis of inactive uveitis and active uveitis was performed. The heterogeneity was assessed with Cochrane Q-test and I statistics; > 0.10 and I > 50% were considered significant for heterogeneity. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3.
RESULTS
9 studies were included in the meta-analysis comprising a total of 10 711 patients, of whom 1,368 were diagnosed with noninfectious uveitis. Patients with noninfectious uveitis had worse results regarding vitamin D deficiency when compared with the control group (OR 0.58; CI 95% 0.44 to 0.77; = 0.0002; I = 61%). Patients with inactive uveitis had better results towards vitamin D deficiency when compared with active uveitis (OR 5.00; CI 95% 2.84 to 8.81; < 0.001; I = 0%).
CONCLUSION
Our research supports the increasing evidence that associates vitamin D deficiency with noninfectious uveitis and its activity. Further investigation into the efficacy of vitamin D screening and supplementation in reducing the recurrence of uveitis is necessary.
PubMed: 38916195
DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2367676 -
Cureus May 2024Ischemic strokes (IS) in young adults often evade early detection, resulting in delayed diagnosis until complications arise. Cervical/vertebral artery dissection, a... (Review)
Review
Exploring the Nexus: A Systematic Review on the Interplay of the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Gene C677T Genotype, Hyperhomocysteinemia, and Spontaneous Cervical/Vertebral Artery Dissection in Young Adults.
Ischemic strokes (IS) in young adults often evade early detection, resulting in delayed diagnosis until complications arise. Cervical/vertebral artery dissection, a significant contributor to these strokes, presents with symptoms such as migraine with aura, severe headache, and neck pain, commonly overlooked due to their nonspecific nature. This review investigates early indicators of artery dissections, emphasizing their importance in diagnosis and exploring the correlation between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T genotype polymorphism, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY), and IS in young adults. This systematic review encompasses a thorough analysis of 11 papers, including four observational studies, three case reports, three narrative reviews, and one experimental study, involving 4,840 patients aged 18-45 years. Findings reveal HHCY as a significant contributor to vascular damage and tissue ischemia leading to IS. The MTHFR gene C677T genotype polymorphism is closely associated with HHCY, often contributing to underdiagnosed strokes in young adults. Cervical/vertebral artery dissection may manifest as initial symptoms of neck pain or headache, remaining undiagnosed until imaging is conducted. Importantly, the review suggests that MTHFR gene polymorphism can be mitigated through simple supplementation with vitamin B12 and folates, serving as a valuable tool for primary prevention. Additionally, betaine, a methyl donor, was explored in severe MTHFR gene polymorphism cases resistant to conventional supplementation. In conclusion, recognizing the significance of early signs and symptoms, along with a high clinical suspicion, is crucial for preventing catastrophic outcomes, mortality, and morbidity associated with IS in young adults lacking traditional risk factors. The MTHFR gene C677T genotype polymorphism, a potential genetic cause, can be easily managed with simple measures but is often overlooked or underdiagnosed.
PubMed: 38910639
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60878 -
Cureus May 2024There have been suggestions that vitamin D has anti-inflammatory effects; however, the variabilities of vitamin D levels among specific groups of patients and its... (Review)
Review
There have been suggestions that vitamin D has anti-inflammatory effects; however, the variabilities of vitamin D levels among specific groups of patients and its association with these inflammatory events have not been demonstrated. This study aims to study the association between vitamin D levels and vitamin D deficiency and inflammatory events among the elderly population. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and ClinicalKey were systematically searched in December 2023 to include the relevant data. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 3.0, Biostat, Inc., Englewood, NJ) was the software used for data analyses. A total of 12 studies were included in this analysis with 14,717 elderly patients. There was an overall significant decrease in vitamin D levels in elderly patients with high inflammatory markers compared to controls (Hedges' g = -0.221, 95% CI: -0.268, -0.173, P < 0.001), and event of vitamin D deficiency was found to be 0.321 (95% CI: 0.305, 0.337, P < 0.001). There is a significant decrease in vitamin D levels among the elderly with different inflammatory conditions. Future longitudinal studies and well-designed, large, randomized controlled trials are required to study the association between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of inflammatory events in this specific group of patients.
PubMed: 38910627
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60892 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jun 2024Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an inmuno-mediated mucocutaneous chronical inflammatory disease. Multiple predisposing factors are considered, such as autoimmune response,...
BACKGROUND
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an inmuno-mediated mucocutaneous chronical inflammatory disease. Multiple predisposing factors are considered, such as autoimmune response, microorganisms, medications, dental materials, psychological stress, genetic predisposition or nutritional deficiencies. The deficiency of vitamin D has been related to various autoimmune diseases like OLP.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The electronic search was conducted in the MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. To assess any potential risk of bias, the authors critically appraised each study by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort and case-control studies. Pooled analyses were performed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity of the studies was assessed by the I2 statistics. Forest Plots were performed to graphically represent the difference between vitamin D concentrations in the OLP compared to healthy group, with a 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles were included in our review. The median concentration vitamin D in ng/ml found in serum for patients with OLP was of 26,6311,75ng/ml and for healthy patients was of 31,438,7ng/ml. Regarding the quantitative analysis, 7 studies were included. The difference in the concentration of vitamin D in healthy patients and patients with OLP statistically significant (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD): -6.20, 95% CI: -11.24 to -1.15, p=0.02 and I2 heterogeneity: 94%, p<0.00001).
CONCLUSIONS
The patients with OLP have statistically lower vitamin D levels than healthy patients.
PubMed: 38907640
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.26603 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Aug 2024The emerging role of vitamin D has drawn the attention of researchers around the world, including its involvement in cardiovascular complications among individuals with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The emerging role of vitamin D has drawn the attention of researchers around the world, including its involvement in cardiovascular complications among individuals with diabetes.
AIM
This study aimed to obtain comprehensive evidence on the association between serum vitamin D level and the risk of cardiovascular disease among patients with diabetes.
METHODS
Systematic search was performed on July 1st, 2023, to identify and screen published literature reporting the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease among diabetic patients in six databases. Each eligible study was appraised for its quality using modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional and cohort studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Dersimonian-Laird random effect model or fix-effect model. The heterogeneity and publication bias were judged based on percentage of I and the symmetry of Begg's funnel plot, respectively.
RESULTS
As many as 22 studies were found eligible for the systematic review. A meta-analysis from 13 studies comprising of 3850 and 1797 (control and exposure groups, respectively) revealed that serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (Z = 4.89; p-total<0.001; SMD = 0.68 [95%CI: 0.41-0.95]), yet the heterogeneity was high. Following the adjustment of removing the potential outliers, the same results were still observed (Z = 6.19; p-total<0.001; SMD = 0.35 [95%CI: 0.24-0.46]). Though decreased, high heterogeneity could not be resolved, resulting in moderate level of this evidence. Another pooled analysis of 7 studies with 4211 patients in control group and 2381 patients in exposure group revealed that lower level of serum vitamin D is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease incidence among diabetic patients (Z = 4.89; p-total<0.001; OR: 1.76 [95%CI: 1.4-2.2]).
CONCLUSION
Serum vitamin D level status is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients, hence should be carefully monitored and maintained.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION
CRD42023437698.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vitamin D; Risk Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency; Diabetes Mellitus; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 38901950
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.018 -
Nutrients May 2024Vitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide, particularly in old age, when people are at the highest risk of the negative adverse consequences of hypovitaminosis D.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide, particularly in old age, when people are at the highest risk of the negative adverse consequences of hypovitaminosis D. Additionally to the recognized functions in the regulation of calcium absorption, bone remodeling, and bone growth, vitamin D plays a key role as a hormone, which is supported by various enzymatic, physiological, metabolic, and pathophysiological processes related to various human organs and systems. Accruing evidence supports that vitamin D plays a key role in pancreatic islet dysfunction and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. From an epidemiological viewpoint, numerous studies suggest that the growing incidence of type 2 diabetes in humans may be linked to the global trend of prevalent vitamin D insufficiency. In the past, this association has raised discussions due to the equivocal results, which lately have been more convincing of the true role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of incident type 2 diabetes. Most meta-analyses evaluating this role have been conducted in adults or young older persons (50-60 years old), with only one focusing on older populations, even if this is the population at greater risk of both hypovitaminosis D and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we conducted an update of the previous systematic review and meta-analysis examining whether hypovitaminosis D (low serum 25OHD levels) can predict incident diabetes in prospective longitudinal studies among older adults. We found that low 25OHD was associated with incident diabetes in older adults even after adjusting for several relevant potential confounders, confirming and updating the results of the only previous meta-analysis conducted in 2017.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Aged; Incidence; Risk Factors; Middle Aged; Male; Female
PubMed: 38892495
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111561 -
Brain and Behavior Jun 2024The research intended to probe the connection between the risk of stroke and serum vitamin D levels. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The research intended to probe the connection between the risk of stroke and serum vitamin D levels.
METHODS
Three electronic databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed) were searched according to the subject terms from inception until July 29, 2022, and retrieved researches were screened on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two investigators conducted the quality assessment and data extraction. Using Stata 16.0 software, a meta-analysis was conducted on the extracted data.
FINDINGS
In total, 27 studies with 45,302 participants were included. Among these studies, 20 focused on stroke risk, while 7 examined stroke prognosis. According to the meta-analysis findings, it was observed that a higher stroke risk is connected to reduced levels of serum vitamin D. This association was reflected in a combined relative risk (RR) of 1 .28 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-1.42) and a worse prognosis after stroke (RR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.90-4.60). Additional analysis indicated that no apparent relationship between a decrease in vitamin D and the probability of experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke was found. The RR found was 1.93 (95% CI: 0.95-3.95). On the other hand, it was observed that a reduction in serum vitamin D levels was linked to an elevated likelihood of developing an ischemic stroke. The RR identified was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.78-2.03). Moreover, a lower level of vitamin D in the bloodstream was associated with a more unfavorable prognosis for individuals who suffered from a stroke. The RR for this correlation was 2.95 (95% CI: 1.90-4.60). However, further research is required to confirm the above-mentioned findings.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, lower concentration vitamin D was found to be related to an increased risk of stroke, which could mainly be reflected in ischemic stroke patients but not in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. A lower serum vitamin D level was correlative with the poor prognosis of stroke.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Stroke; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Risk Factors; Ischemic Stroke
PubMed: 38873864
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3577