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Public Health Reviews 2021To identify the prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in adult women. Searches were carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct,...
To identify the prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in adult women. Searches were carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Cinahl, Google Scholar and Open Gray databases. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO under number CRD42020168231. Cross-sectional studies showing the prevalence of common mental disorders in women over 18 years were included. Studies with men, children and pregnant women of another age group and with other mental disorders and other types of studies were excluded. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to assess the risk of bias. Nineteen studies were included in this review. The prevalence of CMD ranged from 9.6% to 69.3%. The main associated factors were unemployment, indebtedness, low income, being a housewife, smoking, low education, poor self-rated health, being single, divorced or widowed. The risk of bias in the studies was classified as low and moderate. This review revealed a variable prevalence rate of CMD in adult women. Public policies are needed to create strategies to prevent the mental illness of these women.
PubMed: 34692182
DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1604234 -
West African Journal of Medicine Sep 2021Suicidal behaviour is a global public health issue affecting all ages, gender, and regions of the world. This systematic review sought to synthesize the available...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Suicidal behaviour is a global public health issue affecting all ages, gender, and regions of the world. This systematic review sought to synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence and risk factors for suicide and suicidal behaviour across the lifespan in Nigeria.
DATA SOURCE
The databases of PubMed, Embase, Medline, PsychInfo, Google Scholar and African Journals OnLine (AJOL).
STUDY SELECTION
Literature on suicidal behaviour and suicide from Nigeria published between 2000 and 2019.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted independently by two authors using a fixed template.
RESULTS
The search identified 431 articles; 23 were eligible for inclusion. The 12-month prevalence of suicide ideation among adolescents was between 6.1-22.9% and 3-12.5% for attempts; identified risk factors were sexual abuse, family dysfunction and food insecurity. For the adult population, lifetime rates of suicidal ideation, plan and attempt were 3.2%, 1.0% and 0.7% respectively; risk factors included age (peak in the third decade of life), childhood adverse experiences and the presence of mood disorders. In the elderly the rates were 4.0% for ideation, 0.7% for plan and 0.2% for attempt. Risk factors identified in the elderly were being single (separation or widowhood) and rural residence. Suicides accounted for 0.3- 1.6% of autopsies performed by the coroners and constituted the least common cause of death. Suicides were more common in males and peaked in the third decade of life.
CONCLUSION
Suicide and suicidal behaviour in the Nigerian population seem to peak in young adult life suggesting that suicide prevention initiatives should target late adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Child; Humans; Longevity; Male; Nigeria; Risk Factors; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted; Young Adult
PubMed: 34672509
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and... 2021Food insecurity has been undermining the health and well-being of a growing number of older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. This review aimed to examine the prevalence of...
Food insecurity has been undermining the health and well-being of a growing number of older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. This review aimed to examine the prevalence of food insecurity and the related contributing factors of food insecurity among older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. We used PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science Core Collection as our search engines and included 22 articles for data extraction. Prevalence of severe and moderate food insecurity in households with older adults ranged from 6.0 to 87.3% and from 8.3 to 48.5%, respectively. Various socio-economic (e.g., low education level, being widowed, low income, lower wealth position of households, living in a rental house, living in rural areas, lack of social grants or pensions), demographic (e.g., female, Black racial group, larger family size), and health and nutrition status-related (e.g., self-reported poor health status, having a functional and mobility-related disability, psychological disorders) factors influence food insecurity in older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. The findings of this review can help stakeholders to prioritize the issue of food insecurity, design and implement policies and programs to improve food security among older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Topics: Aged; Family Characteristics; Female; Food Insecurity; Food Supply; Humans; Nutritional Status; Poverty; Prevalence; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 34669566
DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2021.1988027 -
Ageing Research Reviews Nov 2021While widowhood is known to be associated with poorer physical and mental health outcomes, studies examining the association of widowhood with cognition have yielded... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
While widowhood is known to be associated with poorer physical and mental health outcomes, studies examining the association of widowhood with cognition have yielded mixed results. This review aimed to elucidate the link between widowhood and cognitive decline. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL and Scopus (until December 2020) was conducted to identify studies on the association between widowhood (vs. being married) and cognition in cognitively healthy adults aged 50 +. A cross-sectional meta-analysis (of 10 studies; n = 24,668) found a significant association of widowhood with cognition (g = - 0.36, 95% CI [- 0.47, - 0.25], p = < 0.001). Meta-regressions suggested that study design, cognitive domain measured, sample age, difference in mean age between widowed and married groups, and study continent did not account for observed heterogeneity. A longitudinal meta-analysis (of 3 studies; n = 10,378) found that the "continually widowed" group (from baseline to follow-up) showed significantly steeper declines in cognition compared to the "continually married" group (g = - 0.15, 95%CI [- 0.19, - 0.10], p = < 0.001). Findings indicate that widowhood may be a risk factor for cognitive decline. As there are no effective treatments for cognitive impairment, studying mechanisms by which widowhood might be associated with poorer cognition could inform prevention programs for those who have experienced spousal bereavement.
Topics: Aged; Bereavement; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Middle Aged; Widowhood
PubMed: 34534681
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101461 -
Psychology Research and Behavior... 2021Without integration of the available information, appropriate suicide preventive actions can be hindered. Therefore, this study attempts to review the Bangladeshi... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Without integration of the available information, appropriate suicide preventive actions can be hindered. Therefore, this study attempts to review the Bangladeshi COVID-19-related suicide studies for the first time.
METHODS
For conducting a systematic review, the PRISMA guideline was adhered. Bangladeshi literatures concerning the COVID-19 pandemic related to either suicide case or suicidal behavior were identified within 1 to 10 April 2021, from the databases like PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, etc. Finally, a total of 9 literatures were included in this review.
RESULTS
Four literatures were cross-sectional studies assessing the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal behavior, and the rest five were retrospective suicide studies concerned with either case study (n=3) or case-series study (n=2). The prevalence of suicidal ideation was identified to be ranging between 5% and 19.0%, whereas the rate increased over time of the pandemic inception. Significant risk factors concerning suicidal behavior included the factors related to (i) socio-demographic variables: female gender, being divorced or widows or widowers or single in marital status, having lower levels of education, being urban residence, belonging to higher socioeconomic class, being unemployed, and having no children, (ii) behavior and health-related variables: lack of physical exercise, cigarette smoking, alcohol consuming, abnormal sleep status, more exposure to social media, and suffering from the higher number of physical health problems; (iii) COVID-19 pandemic-related variables: lower knowledge of COVID-19, lack of preventive COVID-19 behaviors, higher levels of COVID-19 fear, living in highly COVID-19 infected area, higher economic loss due to the pandemic, and experiencing relatives or acquaintances' death by the COVID-19; (iv) psychopathological variables: depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, suicidal thought history, suicide attempt history, and family with a history of suicide.
CONCLUSION
Implementing cost-effective mental health strategies along with social and community awareness for increasing help-seeking behaviors of suicide risky individuals is highly suggested.
PubMed: 34113185
DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S315760 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) May 2021Suicides by men outnumber those by women in every country of the world. To date, there has not been a comprehensive systematic review of risk factors for suicidal... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Suicides by men outnumber those by women in every country of the world. To date, there has not been a comprehensive systematic review of risk factors for suicidal behaviour in men to better understand the excess deaths by suicide in men.
OBJECTIVE
The present systematic review seeks to determine the nature and extent of the risk factors to predict suicidal behaviour in men over time.
METHODS
A range of databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Pubmed, Embase, and Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection) were searched from inception to January 2020 for eligible articles. The findings were collated through a narrative synthesis of the evidence.
RESULTS
An initial 601 studies were identified. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 105 eligible studies (62 prospective and 43 retrospective) identified. Overall, the risk factors with the strongest evidence predicting suicidal behaviour in men were alcohol and/or drug use/dependence; being unmarried, single, divorced, or widowed; and having a diagnosis of depression. In the prospective studies, the most consistent evidence was for sociodemographic factors (19 risk factors), mental health/psychiatric illness (16 risk factors), physical health/illness (13 risk factors), and negative life events/trauma (11 risk factors). There were a small number of psychological factors (6 factors) and characteristics of suicidal behaviour (3 factors) identified. The findings from the retrospective studies provided further evidence for the risk factors identified in the prospective studies.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review has highlighted the wide range of risk factors for suicidal behaviour in men, in this review alone 68 different risk factors were identified. Many factors can interact and change in relevance throughout an individual's life. This review has identified extensive gaps in our knowledge as well as suggestions for future research.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide
PubMed: 33780831
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113831 -
Family Process Sep 2021The death of a family member affects not only individual family members but also their relationships and interactions. Grief has been studied mostly as an intrapersonal...
The death of a family member affects not only individual family members but also their relationships and interactions. Grief has been studied mostly as an intrapersonal experience. Adopting the family perspective, this systematic scoping review focused on parent-child relationships in widowed families so as to identify what is already known on this topic and the research gaps for future study. The review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Four databases (Web of Science, Psycinfo, PubMed, and CINAHL Plus) were searched. Search terms were combinations of two concepts: (1) loss of a parent (20 terms) and (2) parent-child (eight terms). 5,419 studies were identified during the search, of which 36 studies were included in the review following two rounds of screening. Four research themes emerged, and the aggregated findings were identified: (a) The surviving parent and children are likely to become closer following the loss of a parent, while other relevant factors need to be taken into account; (b) Better parent-child relationships play a protective role in children's adjustment to loss; (c) The surviving parent and children's adjustment to loss are interdependent; (d) Through parenting, communication style, coping strategy, and other attributes, the surviving parent can influence their children's adjustment. Gender and age differences were identified in parent-child relationships. The findings further justify the importance of a family perspective when conducting research and practice on bereavement. Several research gaps were identified. Existing studies paid insufficient attention to children's agency and bidirectional relationships, and the interaction process and its role underlying parent-child bidirectional causality. A conceptual framework of parent-child relationships in widowed families is proposed based on these findings.
Topics: Bereavement; Female; Humans; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parents; Widowhood
PubMed: 33118179
DOI: 10.1111/famp.12610 -
PloS One 2020Physical activity (PA) is a fluctuating behavior and prone to change across the life course. Changes in PA may be particularly due to the experience of life events and...
BACKGROUND
Physical activity (PA) is a fluctuating behavior and prone to change across the life course. Changes in PA may be particularly due to the experience of life events and transitions. For well-timed and successful PA interventions, it is important to understand when and why individuals take up or terminate PA.
OBJECTIVES
This scoping review aims to examine the extent, range, and nature of research on the impact of life events and transitions on PA and to summarize key findings.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Articles were included if they had been published in peer-reviewed journals between 1998 and 2020 and assessed the impact of at least one life event or transition on PA.
RESULTS
107 studies that assessed 72 distinct life events and transitions were included and summarized in ten categories. Events and transitions that are primarily associated with decreases in PA were starting cohabitation, getting married, pregnancy, evolving parenthood, and the transitions from kindergarten to primary school, from primary to secondary school, and from high school to college or into the labor market. Retirement was associated with increases in PA; yet, long-term trajectories across retirement indicated a subsequent drop in activity levels. Divorce was associated with no changes in PA. No trends could be identified for changing work conditions, quitting or losing a job, starting a new relationship, widowhood, moving, and diagnosis of illness.
CONCLUSION
Life events and transitions can be conceptualized as natural interventions that occur across the life course and that are oftentimes associated with changes in PA behavior. Our study indicates that, despite some emerging trends, similar events do not necessarily have similar impacts on PA across individuals. It also shows that the research landscape is characterized by a lack of conceptual clarity and by disparate methodologies, making it difficult to synthesize results across studies.
Topics: Exercise; Humans
PubMed: 32569282
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234794 -
Nutrients Mar 2020Malnutrition in the elderly could be tackled by addressing socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of the relationship between socioeconomic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Malnutrition in the elderly could be tackled by addressing socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the malnutrition or malnutrition risk (MR) in the elderly. The PubMed and SCOPUS databases were searched for observational studies that included assessment of malnutrition or/and MR and socioeconomic variables (educational level, living alone, marital status, income and occupational level, feeling of loneliness, place of residence, and food expenditure) in ≥60-year-old subjects, published in English among 2000-2018 (PROSPERO: CRD42019137097). The systematic review included 40 observational studies (34 cross-sectional and 4 cohort studies) and 16 cross-sectional studies in the meta-analysis (34,703 individuals) of malnutrition and MR in relation to low educational level (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.48; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.33-1.64; < 0.001), living alone (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.73-2.14; < 0.001), being single, widowed, or divorced (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.57-1.90; < 0.001), and low income level (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 2.35-3.08; < 0.001), and considering these four socioeconomic factors, malnutrition and MR is associated with them (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.73-1.93; < 0.001). Malnutrition and MR could be reduced by increasing economic level, supporting people living alone or being single, widowed, and divorced, and improving lifelong learning.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Loneliness; Male; Malnutrition; Marital Status; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Publication Bias; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 32168827
DOI: 10.3390/nu12030737 -
PloS One 2020To investigate that whether an association between marital status and the female breast cancer risk exists. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To investigate that whether an association between marital status and the female breast cancer risk exists.
METHODS
The MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched from their inception to July 2019. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to rate the methodological quality of included studies. Study data were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses to compare the breast cancer risk between unmarried, widowed, divorced or lifelong single women and married women. This study is registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42018112368).
RESULTS
Forty-nine publications were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with married women, unmarried and lifelong single women had an elevated risk of breast cancer, and the pooled ORs of case-control studies were 1.20 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.35) and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.45), respectively. In the subgroup analyses under these two comparisons, hospital-based estimates and multivariate-adjusted estimates demonstrated a strong association, while population-based estimates and age-adjusted estimates produced nonsignificant results. The pooled OR of cohort studies examining the effect of being a lifelong single woman was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.16). Heterogeneity was moderate to substantial across case-control studies (I2: 46% to 82%), which may be partially explained by differences in geographic regions, publication years and control types. Possible publication bias was indicated by the funnel plot and Egger's test (P = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS
Marital status may correlate with the risk of developing female breast cancer. However, suboptimal selection of controls, insufficient exploration of confounding effects, inadequate ascertainment of marital status, and possible publication bias may have limited the quality of the available evidence. Overall, conclusions that marital status is an independent risk factor for breast cancer could not be drawn, and further prospective rigorous cohort studies are warranted.
Topics: Age Factors; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Marital Status; Observational Studies as Topic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32134997
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229899