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Experimental Parasitology Jul 2024Acanthamoeba spp., are common free-living amoebae found in nature that can serve as reservoirs for certain microorganisms. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a newly emerged...
Acanthamoeba spp., are common free-living amoebae found in nature that can serve as reservoirs for certain microorganisms. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a newly emerged respiratory infection, and the investigation of parasitic infections remains an area of limited research. Given that Acanthamoeba can act as a host for various endosymbiotic microbial pathogens and its pathogenicity assay is not fully understood, this study aimed to identify Acanthamoeba and its bacterial and fungal endosymbionts in patients with chronic respiratory disorders and hospitalized COVID-19 patients in northern Iran. Additionally, a pathogenicity assay was conducted on Acanthamoeba isolates. Urine, nasopharyngeal swab, and respiratory specimens were collected from two groups, and each sample was cultured on 1.5% non-nutrient agar medium. The cultures were then incubated at room temperature and monitored daily for a period of two weeks. Eight Acanthamoeba isolates were identified, and PCR was performed to confirm the presence of amoebae and identify their endosymbionts. Four isolates were found to have bacterial endosymbionts, including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter sp., while two isolates harbored fungal endosymbionts, including an uncultured fungus and Gloeotinia sp. In the pathogenicity assay, five isolates exhibited a higher degree of pathogenicity compared to the other three. This study provides significant insights into the comorbidity of acanthamoebiasis and COVID-19 on a global scale, and presents the first evidence of Gloeotinia sp. as a fungal endosymbiont. Nevertheless, further research is required to fully comprehend the symbiotic patterns and establish effective treatment protocols.
Topics: Humans; Iran; Acanthamoeba; COVID-19; Symbiosis; SARS-CoV-2; Male; Female; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Middle Aged; Adult; Amebiasis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Aged; Vero Cells; Hospitalization; Chlorocebus aethiops
PubMed: 38754618
DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108774 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024Malignant central airway stenosis is treated with airway stent placement, but post-placement microbial characteristics remain unclear. We studied microbial features in...
UNLABELLED
Malignant central airway stenosis is treated with airway stent placement, but post-placement microbial characteristics remain unclear. We studied microbial features in 60 patients post-stent placement, focusing on changes during granulation tissue proliferation. Samples were collected before stent ( = 29), after stent on day 3 ( = 20), and after granulation tissue formation (AS-GTF, = 43). Metagenomic sequencing showed significant respiratory tract microbiota changes with granulation tissue. The microbiota composition, dominated by , , and , was similar among the groups. At the species level, the AS-GTF group exhibited significant differences, with and enriched. Analysis based on tracheoesophageal fistula presence identified and as the main differential species, enriched in the fistula subgroup. Viral and fungal detection showed and as the main species, respectively. These findings highlight microbiota changes after stent placement, potentially associated with granulation tissue proliferation, informing stent placement therapy and anti-infective treatment optimization.
IMPORTANCE
Malignant central airway stenosis is a life-threatening condition that can be effectively treated with airway stent placement. However, despite its clinical importance, the microbial characteristics of the respiratory tract following stent insertion remain poorly understood. This study addresses this gap by investigating the microbial features in patients with malignant central airway stenosis after stent placement, with a specific focus on microbial changes during granulation tissue proliferation. The findings reveal significant alterations in the diversity and structure of the respiratory tract microbiota following the placement of malignant central airway stents. Notably, certain bacterial species, including and , exhibit distinct patterns in the after-stent granulation tissue formation group. Additionally, the presence of tracheoesophageal fistula further influences the microbial composition. These insights provide valuable references for optimizing stent placement therapy and enhancing clinical anti-infective strategies.
Topics: Humans; Stents; Female; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Aged; Bacteria; Airway Obstruction; Respiratory System; Granulation Tissue; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Tracheoesophageal Fistula
PubMed: 38747599
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03472-23 -
IDCases 2024is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-fermenting bacillus mainly responsible for nosocomial infections. We report the first case of community-acquired spondylodiscitis...
is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-fermenting bacillus mainly responsible for nosocomial infections. We report the first case of community-acquired spondylodiscitis caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a 61-year-old woman, immunocompromised with necrotizing dermohypodermitis of the right lower limb successfully treated with ertapenem and ciprofloxacin.
PubMed: 38737915
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01980 -
Environment International May 2024The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agroecosystems through the application of animal manure is a global threat to human and environmental health....
Priority establishment of soil bacteria in rhizosphere limited the spread of tetracycline resistance genes from pig manure to soil-plant systems based on synthetic communities approach.
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agroecosystems through the application of animal manure is a global threat to human and environmental health. However, the adaptability and colonization ability of animal manure-derived bacteria determine the spread pathways of ARG in agroecosystems, which have rarely been studied. Here, we performed an invasion experiment by creating a synthetic communities (SynCom) with ten isolates from pig manure and followed its assembly during gnotobiotic cultivation of a soil-Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) system. We found that Firmicutes in the SynCom were efficiently filtered out in the rhizosphere, thereby limiting the entry of tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs) into the plant. However, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in the SynCom were able to establish in all compartments of the soil-plant system thereby spreading TRGs from manure to soil and plant. The presence of native soil bacteria prevented the establishment of manure-borne bacteria and effectively reduced the spread of TRGs. Achromobacter mucicolens and Pantoea septica were the main vectors for the entry of tetA into plants. Furthermore, doxycycline stress promoted the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of the conjugative resistance plasmid RP4 within the SynCom in A. thaliana by upregulating the expression of HGT-related mRNAs. Therefore, this study provides evidence for the dissemination pathways of ARGs in agricultural systems through the invasion of manure-derived bacteria and HGT by conjugative resistance plasmids and demonstrates that the priority establishment of soil bacteria in the rhizosphere limited the spread of TRGs from pig manure to soil-plant systems.
Topics: Manure; Animals; Soil Microbiology; Swine; Rhizosphere; Tetracycline Resistance; Arabidopsis; Bacteria; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38728817
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108732 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... May 2024Methanol, the second most abundant volatile organic compound, primarily released from plants, is a major culprit disturbing atmospheric chemistry. Interestingly,...
Methanol, the second most abundant volatile organic compound, primarily released from plants, is a major culprit disturbing atmospheric chemistry. Interestingly, ubiquitously found methanol-utilizing bacteria, play a vital role in mitigating atmospheric methanol effects. Despite being extensively characterized, the effect of nitrogen sources on the richness of methanol-utilizers in the bulk soil and rhizosphere is largely unknown. Therefore, the current study was planned to isolate, characterize and explore the richness of cultivable methylotrophs from the bulk soil and rhizosphere of a paddy field using media with varying nitrogen sources. Our data revealed that more genera of methylotrophs, including Methylobacterium, Ancylobacter, Achromobacter, Xanthobacter, Moraxella, and Klebsiella were enriched with the nitrate-based medium compared to only two genera, Hyphomicrobium and Methylobacterium, enriched with the ammonium-based medium. The richness of methylotrophic bacteria also differed substantially in the bulk soil as compared to the rhizosphere. Growth characterization revealed that majority of the newly isolated methanol-utilizing strains in this study exhibited better growth at 37 °C instead of 30 or 45 °C. Moreover, Hyphomicrobium sp. FSA2 was the only strain capable of utilizing methanol even at elevated temperature 45 °C, showing its adaptability to a wide range of temperatures. Differential carbon substrate utilization profiling revealed the facultative nature of all isolated methanol-utilizer strains with Xanthobacter sp. TS3, being an important methanol-utilizer capable of degrading toxic compounds such as acetone and ethylene glycol. Overall, our study suggests the role of nutrients and plant-microbial interaction in shaping the composition of methanol-utilizers in terrestrial environment.
Topics: Rhizosphere; Soil Microbiology; Nitrogen; Methanol; Oryza; Bacteria; Soil; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Minerals; Temperature; Carbon
PubMed: 38702590
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04000-3 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Nitrous oxide (NO) emission from composting is a significant contributor to greenhouse effect and ozone depletion, which poses a threat to environment. To address the...
Insight into NO emission and denitrifier communities under different aeration intensities in composting of cattle manure from perspective of multi-factor interaction analysis.
Nitrous oxide (NO) emission from composting is a significant contributor to greenhouse effect and ozone depletion, which poses a threat to environment. To address the challenge of mitigating NO emission during composting, this study investigated the response of NO emission and denitrifier communities (detected by metagenome sequencing) to aeration intensities of 6 L/min (C6), 12 L/min (C12), and 18 L/min (C18) in cattle manure composting using multi-factor interaction analysis. Results showed that NO emission occurred mainly at mesophilic phase. Cumulative NO emission (QNO, 9.79 mg·kg DW) and total nitrogen loss (TN loss, 16.40 %) in C12 composting treatment were significantly lower than those in the other two treatments. The lower activity of denitrifying enzymes and the more complex and balanced network of denitrifiers and environmental factors might be responsible for the lower NO emission. Denitrification was confirmed to be the major pathway for NO production. Moisture content (MC) and Luteimonas were the key factors affecting NO emission, and nosZ-carrying denitrifier played a significant role in reducing NO emission. Although relative abundance of nirS was lower than that of nirK significantly (P < 0.05), nirS was the key gene influencing NO emission. Community composition of denitrifier varied significantly with different aeration treatments (R = 0.931, P = 0.001), and Achromobacter was unique to C12 at mesophilic phase. Physicochemical factors had higher effect on QNO, whereas denitrifying genes, enzymes and NO had lower effect on QNO in C12. The complex relationship between NO emission and the related factors could be explained by multi-factor interaction analysis more comprehensively. This study provided a novel understanding of mechanism of NO emission regulated by aeration intensity in composting.
Topics: Manure; Nitrous Oxide; Animals; Composting; Denitrification; Cattle; Air Pollutants; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 38701923
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172936 -
Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare... 2024Isolation of an unusual organism, , from 2 cardiac surgical patients on the same day prompted an investigation to search for cases and cause. An extensive review...
Isolation of an unusual organism, , from 2 cardiac surgical patients on the same day prompted an investigation to search for cases and cause. An extensive review demonstrated a pseudo-outbreak related to practices to conserve laboratory saline due to short supply resulting from supply chain shortage from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
PubMed: 38698950
DOI: 10.1017/ash.2024.66 -
Archives of Microbiology Apr 2024Nanoplastics pose significant environmental problems due to their high mobility and increased toxicity. These particles can cause infertility and inflammation in aquatic...
Nanoplastics pose significant environmental problems due to their high mobility and increased toxicity. These particles can cause infertility and inflammation in aquatic organisms, disrupt microbial signaling and act as pollutants carrier. Despite extensive studies on their harmful impact on living organisms, the microbial degradation of nanoplastics is still under research. This study investigated the degradation of nanoplastics by isolating bacteria from the gut microbiome of Tenebrio molitor larvae fed various plastic diets. Five bacterial strains capable of degrading polystyrene were identified, with Achromobacter xylosoxidans M9 showing significant nanoplastic degradation abilities. Within 6 days, this strain reduced nanoplastic particle size by 92.3%, as confirmed by SEM and TEM analyses, and altered the chemical composition of the nanoplastics, indicating a potential for enhanced bioremediation strategies. The strain also caused a 7% weight loss in polystyrene film over 30 days, demonstrating its efficiency in degrading nanoplastics faster than polystyrene film. These findings might enhance plastic bioremediation strategies.
Topics: Animals; Polystyrenes; Biodegradation, Environmental; Achromobacter denitrificans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Plastics; Larva; Microplastics
PubMed: 38684545
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03947-z -
Environmental Research Jul 2024Household garbage rooms release abundant bioaerosols and are an important source of pathogens; however, information on the distribution and survival patterns of...
Household garbage rooms release abundant bioaerosols and are an important source of pathogens; however, information on the distribution and survival patterns of pathogens in different waste components is limited. In this study, a culture method and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing were used to determine bacterial communities, culturable pathogens, and human bacterial pathogens (HBPs). The results showed that abundant culturable bacteria were detected in all waste types, and a large number of S. aureus was detected on the surface of recyclable wastes, whereas S. aureus, total coliforms, Salmonella, Enterococcus, and hemolytic bacteria were detected in food waste and other waste. The activities of these detected pathogenic bacteria decreased after 24 h of storage but re-activated within one week. Factors affecting the emergence of pathogens varied with different waste components. Sequencing results showed that Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Burkholderia were abundant in the waste samples, whereas Achromobacter, Exiguobacteriums, Bordetella, and Corynebacterium were the primary pathogens in the bioaerosol and wall attachment. The results of traceability analysis showed that bioaerosol microbes were mainly derived from raw kitchen waste (5.98%) and plastic and paper contaminated with food waste (19.93%) in garbage rooms. In addition, bioaerosols were the main source of microflora in the wall attachment, which possessed high HBP diversity and required more attention. These findings will help in understanding the microbial hazards in different waste components and provide guidance for the control and risk reduction of bioaerosols during waste management and recycling.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Bacteria; Aerosols; Garbage; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Refuse Disposal; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 38677405
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119016 -
Cureus Mar 2024is rarely reported as a causative agent of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. Here, we present a case where timely surgical intervention preserved the patient's...
is rarely reported as a causative agent of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. Here, we present a case where timely surgical intervention preserved the patient's vision. A 68-year-old man presented with clinical signs of endophthalmitis in his right eye three days after uneventful cataract surgery. He was initially treated with intravitreal, topical, and systemic antibiotics. After starting intravitreal, topical, and systemic antibiotics, his condition deteriorated on the second day of treatment. A prompt pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with the removal of the posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) was performed. Culture from the intravitreal tapping yielded , which was sensitive to ceftazidime and piperacillin. His condition was better post-PPV, and the infection was under control until day 10 post-first PPV. There was a recrudescence of infection with a recurrence of hypopyon and loculations detected on B-scan ultrasound. A second PPV with the complete removal of the lens capsule was performed. One month later, his right eye was quiet without inflammation, with a best-corrected vision of 20/30. is a rare but serious pathogen of endophthalmitis that often necessitates multiple surgical interventions. Although it may not initially respond to intravitreal injections and vitrectomy, appropriate treatment, such as the removal of the intraocular lens and capsulectomy, can still result in favorable visual outcomes.
PubMed: 38646201
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56527