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Food Chemistry Oct 2024Processing food and feed challenges official control e.g. by modifying proteins, which leads to significant underestimation in targeted, MS-based protein quantification....
Processing food and feed challenges official control e.g. by modifying proteins, which leads to significant underestimation in targeted, MS-based protein quantification. Whereas numerous studies identified processing-induced changes on proteins in various combinations of matrices and processing conditions, studying their impact semi-quantitatively on specific protein sequences might unveil approaches to improve protein quantification accuracy. Thus, 335 post-translational modifications (e.g. oxidation, deamidation, carboxymethylation, Amadori, acrolein adduction) were identified by bottom-up proteomic analysis of 37 bovine materials relevant in food and feed (meat, bone, blood, milk) with varying processing degrees (raw, spray-dried, pressure-sterilized). To mimic protein recovery in a targeted analysis, peak areas of marker and reference peptides were compared to those of their modified versions, which revealed peptide-specific recoveries and variances across all samples. Detailed analysis suggests that incorporating two modified versions additionally to the unmodified marker may significantly improve quantification accuracy in targeted MS-based food and feed control in processed matrices.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Animal Feed; Peptides; Biomarkers; Proteomics; Meat; Milk; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Food Handling; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 38820638
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139768 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Plant essential oils contain many secondary metabolites, some of which can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, so it is a very promising...
Plant essential oils contain many secondary metabolites, some of which can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, so it is a very promising antibacterial agent. In this study, a qualitative and quantitative method based on high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of three bioactive substances, cinnamaldehyde (CNM), thymol (THY), and eugenol (EUG), in the essential oils of plants. Necessary tests for linearity, limit of quantification, recovery, carryover contamination and precision of the method were carried out. Then, the antibacterial activity of 3 bioactive compounds against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration and the synergistic antimicrobial effect. The results indicated that CNM, THY and EUG had good antibacterial activity. According to the results of fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), it is considered that CNM + THY and CNM + THY + EUG has obvious synergistic inhibitory effect on E. coli, and CNM + THY and CNM + EUG has obvious synergistic inhibitory effect on S. aureus. Finally, we analyzed the effect of the bioactive compounds on trace elements in bacteria and found significant changes in magnesium, calcium, copper and iron.
Topics: Eugenol; Acrolein; Thymol; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Oils, Volatile; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus aureus; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 38816435
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63114-8 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024The emergence of cathepsins as a potential target for anticancer drugs has led to extensive research in the development of their inhibitors. In the present study, we...
The emergence of cathepsins as a potential target for anticancer drugs has led to extensive research in the development of their inhibitors. In the present study, we designed, synthesized, and characterized several cinnamaldehyde schiff bases employing diverse hydrazines, as potential cathepsin B inhibitors. The parallel studies on cathepsin B isolated from liver and cerebrospinal fluid unveiled the significance of the synthesized compounds as cathepsin B inhibitors at nanomolar concentrations. The compound, 7 exhibited the highest inhibition of 83.48 % and 82.96 % with an IC value of 0.06 nM and 0.09 nM for liver and cerebrospinal fluid respectively. The inhibitory potential of synthesized compounds has been extremely effective in comparison to previous reports. With the help of molecular docking studies using iGEMDOCK software, we found that the active site -CHSH group is involved in the case of α-N-benzoyl-D, l-arginine-b-naphthylamide (BANA), curcumin 2, 3, 6, and 7. For toxicity prediction, ADMET studies were conducted and the synthesized compounds emerged to be non-toxic. The results obtained from the in vitro studies were supported with in silico studies. The synthesized cinnamaldehyde schiff bases can be considered promising drug candidates in conditions with elevated cathepsin B levels.
Topics: Cathepsin B; Molecular Docking Simulation; Acrolein; Liver; Humans; Hydrazones; Catalytic Domain; Animals
PubMed: 38810845
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132684 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Aug 2024Chemodynamic therapy (CDT), which employs intracellular HO to produce toxic hydroxyl radicals to kill cancer cells, has received great attention due to its specificity...
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT), which employs intracellular HO to produce toxic hydroxyl radicals to kill cancer cells, has received great attention due to its specificity to tumors. However, the relatively insufficient endogenous HO and the short-lifetime and limited diffusion distance of •OH compromise the therapeutic efficacy of CDT. Mitochondria, which play crucial roles in oncogenesis, are highly vulnerable to elevated oxidative stress. Herein, we constructed a mitochondria-mediated self-cycling system to achieve high dose of •OH production through continuous HO supply. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), which can elevate HO level in the mitochondria, was loaded in Cu(II)-containing metal organic framework (MOF), termed as HKUST-1. After actively targeting mitochondria, the intrinsic HO in mitochondria of cancer cells could induce degradation of MOF, releasing the initial free CA. The released CA further triggered the upregulation of endogenous HO, resulting in the subsequent adequate release of CA and the final burst growth of HO. The cycle process greatly promoted the Fenton-like reaction between Cu and HO and induced long-term high oxidative stress, achieving enhanced chemodynamic therapy. In a word, we put forward an efficient strategy for enhanced chemodynamic therapy.
Topics: Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Acrolein; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Copper; Animals; Cell Survival; Mice; Hydroxyl Radical; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Particle Size; Cell Line, Tumor; Surface Properties
PubMed: 38810468
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113990 -
Journal of Biomedical Research May 2024Circadian clock plays a vital role in the pathological progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our previous studies showed that acrolein, an environmental...
Circadian clock plays a vital role in the pathological progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our previous studies showed that acrolein, an environmental pollutant, promoted atherosclerosis by reducing CLOCK/BMAL1 and disturbing circadian rhythm. Whereas, intermittent fasting (IF), a diet pattern, was able to ameliorate acrolein-induced atherosclerosis. , mice were fed acrolein 3 mg/kg/day drinking water and IF for 18h (0:00-18:00). We observed that IF decreased acrolein-accelerated the formation of aortic lesion in mice. Up-regulation of and levels were found in liver and heart tissue upon acrolein exposure, while was down-regulated by IF. Interestingly, IF treatment exhibited higher AMPK, p-AMPK and SIRT1and lower MAPK expression which was caused by acrolein. Besides, circadian genes expression were suppressed and disturbed treated with acrolein, while were reversed by IF. Furthermore, consistent with that , short-term starvation as a fasting cell model could improve the disorders of CLOCK/BMAL1 and raised SIRT1 regulating AMPK, as well as ROS-MAPK induced by acrolein. In conclusion, we demonstrated that IF repressed ROS-MAPK while activated AMPK to elevate the expression of circadian clock genes to ameliorate acrolein-induced atherogenesis, which shed a novel light to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
PubMed: 38807423
DOI: 10.7555/JBR.38.20240025 -
European Journal of Applied Physiology May 2024Exposomics is an ever-expanding field which captures the cumulative exposures to chemical, biological, physical, lifestyle, and social factors associated with biological... (Review)
Review
Exposomics is an ever-expanding field which captures the cumulative exposures to chemical, biological, physical, lifestyle, and social factors associated with biological responses. Since skeletal muscle is currently considered as the largest secretory organ and shows substantial plasticity over the life course, this reviews addresses the topic of exposome and skeletal muscle by reviewing the state-of-the-art evidence and the most intriguing perspectives. Muscle stem cells react to stressors via phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α and tuberous sclerosis 1, and are sensible to hormetic factors via sirtuin 1. Microplastics can delay muscle regeneration via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and induce transdifferentiation to adipocytes via nuclear factor kappa B. Acrolein can inhibit myogenic differentiation and disrupt redox system. Heavy metals have been associated with reduced muscle strength in children. The deep study of pollutants and biological features can shed new light on neuromuscular pathophysiology. The analysis of a time-varying and dynamic exposome risk score from a panel of exposure and phenotypes of interest is promising. The systematization of hormetic factors and the role of the microbiota in modulating the effects of exposure on skeletal muscle responses are also promising. The comprehensive exposure assessment and its interactions with endogenous processes and the resulting biological effects deserve more efforts in the field of muscle health across the lifespan.
PubMed: 38806941
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05515-1 -
Communications Biology May 2024SMG9 is an essential component of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) machinery, a quality control mechanism that selectively degrades aberrant transcripts. Mutations...
SMG9 is an essential component of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) machinery, a quality control mechanism that selectively degrades aberrant transcripts. Mutations in SMG9 are associated with heart and brain malformation syndrome (HBMS). However, the molecular mechanism underlying HBMS remains unclear. We generated smg9 mutant zebrafish (smg9) that have a lifespan of approximately 6 months or longer, allowing for analysis of the in vivo function of Smg9 in adults in more detail. smg9 zebrafish display congenital brain abnormalities and reduced cardiac contraction. Additionally, smg9 zebrafish exhibit a premature aging phenotype. Analysis of NMD target mRNAs shows a trend toward increased mRNA levels in smg9 zebrafish. Spermidine oxidase (Smox) is increased in smg9 zebrafish, resulting in the accumulation of byproducts, reactive oxygen species, and acrolein. The accumulation of smox mRNA due to NMD dysregulation caused by Smg9 deficiency leads to increased oxidative stress, resulting in premature aging.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay; Aging, Premature; Zebrafish Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Oxidative Stress; Mutation
PubMed: 38806677
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06356-6 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024This study investigated the release of aromatic compounds with distinct functional groups within bilayer microcapsules. Bilayer microcapsules of four distinctive core...
This study investigated the release of aromatic compounds with distinct functional groups within bilayer microcapsules. Bilayer microcapsules of four distinctive core materials (benzyl alcohol, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, and benzoic acid) were synthesized via freeze-drying. Chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (ALG) were used as wall materials. CS concentration, using orthogonal experiments with the loading ratio as a metric. Under optimal conditions, three other types of microcapsules (cinnamic aldehyde, benzoic acid, and benzyl alcohol) were obtained. The four types of microcapsules were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and their sustained release characteristics were evaluated. The optimal conditions were: CS dosage, 1.2 %; CS-to-eugenol mass ratio, 1:2; and CS-to-ALG mass ratio, 1:1. By comparing the IR spectra of the four types of microcapsules, wall material, and core material, the core materials were revealed to be encapsulated within the wall material. SEM results revealed that the granular protuberances on the surface of the microcapsules were closely aligned and persistent when magnified 2000×. The TEM results indicated that all four microcapsules had a spherical and bilayer structure. The thermal stability and sustained release results showed that the four microcapsules were more resilient and less volatile than the four core materials. The release conformed to first-order kinetics, and the release ratios of the four microcapsules were as follows: benzyl alcohol microcapsules ˃ eugenol microcapsules ˃ cinnamaldehyde microcapsules ˃ benzoic acid microcapsules. The prepared bilayer microcapsules encapsulated four different core materials with good sustained release properties.
Topics: Chitosan; Capsules; Alginates; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Liberation; Eugenol; Benzoic Acid; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Acrolein; Drug Carriers; Thermogravimetry
PubMed: 38797291
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132663 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Natural preservatives such as cinnamaldehyde (CIN) are garnering increasing interest to replace their synthetic counterparts in maintaining fruit freshness and safety....
Natural preservatives such as cinnamaldehyde (CIN) are garnering increasing interest to replace their synthetic counterparts in maintaining fruit freshness and safety. However, their long-term effectiveness and widespread application have been greatly limited due to high volatility and potent aroma. To address these challenges, we developed a viable and simple strategy to prepare a multifunctional active coating for fruit preservation by incorporating host-guest inclusion complex of CIN and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) CIN@HP-β-CD into hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural polysaccharide with exceptional film-forming properties. The as-prepared HA/CIN@HP-β-CD coatings exhibited universal surface affinity, excellent antimicrobial performance, and satisfactory antioxidant properties with no potential toxicity. Release kinetic studies have demonstrated that CIN in the coating is continuously and slowly released. Furthermore, freshness preservation experiments on bananas and fresh-cut apples demonstrated that the developed coating is effective in preserving the color of fruit, decreasing the weight loss rate, preventing the microorganism's growth, and significantly extending the period of freshness, exhibiting the potential for application in fruit preservation.
Topics: Acrolein; Fruit; 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Food Preservation; Hyaluronic Acid; Antioxidants; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38788869
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132605 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2024Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive and behavioral decline. Acrolein, an environmental pollutant and...
BACKGROUND
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive and behavioral decline. Acrolein, an environmental pollutant and endogenous compound, is implicated in AD development. This research employs bibliometric analysis to assess current trends and key areas concerning acrolein-AD interaction.
METHODS
The Web of Science was used to extensively review literature on acrolein and AD. Relevant data were systematically gathered and analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and an online bibliometric tool.
RESULTS
We identified 120 English publications in this specialized field across 19 journals. The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease was the most prominent. The primary contributors, both in terms of scientific output and influence, were the USA, the University of Kentucky, and Ramassamy C, representing countries/regions, institutions, and authors, respectively. In this field, the primary focus was on thoroughly studying acrolein, its roles, and its mechanisms in AD utilizing both and approaches. A significant portion of the research was based on proteomics, revealing complex molecular processes. The main focuses in the field were "oxidative stress," "lipid peroxidation," "amyloid-beta," and "cognitive impairment." Anticipated future research trajectories focus on the involvement of the internalization pathway, covering key areas such as synaptic dysfunction, metabolism, mechanisms, associations, neuroinflammation, inhibitors, tau phosphorylation, acrolein toxicity, brain infarction, antioxidants, chemistry, drug delivery, and dementia. Our analysis also supported our previous hypothesis that acrolein can interact with amyloid-beta to form a protein adduct leading to AD-like pathology and altering natural immune responses.
CONCLUSION
This study provides a broad and all-encompassing view of the topic, offering valuable insights and guidance to fellow researchers. These emerging directions underscore the continuous exploration of the complexities associated with AD. The analyses and findings aim to enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between acrolein and AD for future research.
PubMed: 38784445
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1378260