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Tissue Barriers Apr 2024Disruptions in polyamine metabolism have been identified as contributing factors to various central nervous system disorders. Our laboratory has previously highlighted...
Disruptions in polyamine metabolism have been identified as contributing factors to various central nervous system disorders. Our laboratory has previously highlighted the crucial role of polyamine oxidation in retinal disease models, specifically noting elevated levels of spermine oxidase (SMOX) in inner retinal neurons. Our prior research demonstrated that inhibiting SMOX with MDL 72527 protected against vascular injury and microglial activation induced by hyperoxia in the retina. However, the effects of SMOX inhibition on retinal neovascularization and vascular permeability, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms of vascular protection, remain incompletely understood. In this study, we utilized the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model to explore the impact of SMOX inhibition on retinal neovascularization, vascular permeability, and the molecular mechanisms underlying MDL 72527-mediated vasoprotection in the OIR retina. Our findings indicate that inhibiting SMOX with MDL 72527 mitigated vaso-obliteration and neovascularization in the OIR retina. Additionally, it reduced OIR-induced vascular permeability and Claudin-5 expression, suppressed acrolein-conjugated protein levels, and downregulated P38/ERK1/2/STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, our results revealed that treatment with BSA-Acrolein conjugates significantly decreased the viability of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and activated P38 signaling. These observations contribute valuable insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of SMOX inhibition by MDL 72527 in ischemic retinopathy.
PubMed: 38682891
DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2347070 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024The demand for paper-based packaging materials as an alternative to incumbent disposable petroleum-derived polymers for food packaging applications is ever-growing....
The demand for paper-based packaging materials as an alternative to incumbent disposable petroleum-derived polymers for food packaging applications is ever-growing. However, typical paper-based formats are not suitable for use in unconventional applications due to inherent limitations (e.g., excessive hydrophilicity, lack antimicrobial ability), and accordingly, enabling new capabilities is necessity. Herein, a simple and environmentally friendly strategy was proposed to introduce antimicrobial and hydrophobic functions to cellulose paper through successive chemical grafting of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and cinnamaldehyde (CA). The results revealed that cellulose paper not only showed long-term antibacterial effect on different bacteria, but also inhibited a wide range of fungi. Encouragingly, the modified paper, which is fluorine-free, displays a high contact angle of 119.7°. Thus, even in the wet state, the modified paper can still maintain good mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the multifunctional composite papers have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Compared with ordinary cellulose paper, multifunctional composite paper can effectively prolong the shelf life of strawberries. Therefore, the multifunctional composite paper represents good application potential as a fruit packaging material.
Topics: Cellulose; Acrolein; Paper; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Fragaria; Food Packaging; Anti-Infective Agents; Silanes; Food Preservation; Propylamines; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38677693
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131790 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to investigate ferroptosis in Escherichia coli O157:H7 caused by ferrous sulfate (FeSO) and to examine the synergistic effectiveness of...
The purpose of this study was to investigate ferroptosis in Escherichia coli O157:H7 caused by ferrous sulfate (FeSO) and to examine the synergistic effectiveness of FeSO combined with ultrasound-emulsified cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion (CALNO) on inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that FeSO could cause ferroptosis in E. coli O157:H7 via generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbating lipid peroxidation. In addition, the results indicated that FeSO combined with CALNO had synergistic bactericidal effect against E. coli O157:H7 and the combined treatment could lead considerable nucleic acids and protein to release by damaging the cell membrane of E. coli O157:H7. Besides, FeSO combined with CALNO had a strong antibiofilm ability to inhibit E. coli O157:H7 biofilm formation by reducing the expression of genes related on biofilm formation. Finally, FeSO combined with CALNO exhibited the significant antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 in hami melon and cherry tomato.
Topics: Escherichia coli O157; Acrolein; Emulsions; Ferrous Compounds; Ferroptosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Ultrasonic Waves; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 38677267
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106884 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2024Flavored e-liquid use has become popular among e-cigarette users recently, but the effects of such products outside the lung are not well characterized. In this work,...
Flavored e-liquid use has become popular among e-cigarette users recently, but the effects of such products outside the lung are not well characterized. In this work, acute exposure to the popular flavoring cinnamaldehyde (CIN) was performed on human proximal tubule (HK-2) kidney cells. Cells were exposed to 0-100 µM CIN for 24-48 h and cellular stress responses were assessed. Mitochondrial viability via MTT assay was significantly decreased at 20 µM for 24 and 48 h exposure. Seahorse XFp analysis showed significantly decreased mitochondrial energy output at 20 µM by 24 h exposure, in addition to significantly reduced ATP Synthase expression. Seahorse analysis also revealed significantly decreased glycolytic function at 20 µM by 24 h exposure, suggesting inability of glycolytic processes to compensate for reduced mitochondrial energy output. Cleaved caspase-3 expression, a mediator of apoptosis, was significantly increased at the 24 h mark. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression, a mediator of ER-induced apoptosis, was induced by 48 h and subsequently lost at the highest concentration of 100 µM. This decrease was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in its downstream target cleaved caspase-3 at the 48 h mark. The autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B light chain 3 (LC3B-I and LC3B-II) expression was significantly increased at 100 µM by 24 h. Autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) protein and mitophagy-related proteins PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and PARKIN expression were significantly reduced at 24 and 48 h exposure. These results indicate acute exposure to CIN in the kidney HK-2 model induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular stress responses.
Topics: Humans; Acrolein; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Flavoring Agents; Cell Line; Mitochondria; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Stress, Physiological; Cell Survival; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Glycolysis; Caspase 3
PubMed: 38677246
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116666 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024Cinnamic acid (CA) was successfully incorporated into Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) through coprecipitation. The CA moiety was stabilized in the interlayer space...
Cinnamic acid (CA) was successfully incorporated into Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) through coprecipitation. The CA moiety was stabilized in the interlayer space through not only electrostatic interaction but also intermolecular π-π interaction. It was noteworthy that the CA arrangement was fairly independent of the charge density of LDH, showing the important role of the layer-CA and CA-CA interactions in molecular stabilization. Computer simulations using the Monte Carlo method as well as analytical approaches including infrared, UV-vis spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry showed the existence of intermolecular interaction. In order to reinforce molecular stabilization, a neutral derivative of CA, cinnamaldehyde (CAD), was additionally incorporated into LDH. It was clearly shown that CAD played a role as a π-π interaction mediator to enhance the stabilization of CA. The time-dependent release of CA from LDH was first governed by the layer charge density of LDH; however, the existence of CAD provided additional stabilization to the CA arrangement to slow down the release kinetics.
Topics: Cinnamates; Hydroxides; Delayed-Action Preparations; Acrolein; Kinetics; Monte Carlo Method; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
PubMed: 38674090
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084506 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... May 2024Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in vehicles represent a significant problem, causing unpleasant odors. To mitigate VOCs and odors in vehicles, it is...
Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in vehicles represent a significant problem, causing unpleasant odors. To mitigate VOCs and odors in vehicles, it is critical to choose interior parts with low odor and VOC emissions. However, prevailing odor evaluation methods are subjective, costly, and potentially harmful to the health of evaluators. In this study, we analyzed 139 automotive interior parts and 92 vehicles, establishing a cost-effective, data-driven method for odor evaluation. The contents of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were detected by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). Professional odor evaluators assessed the odors, identifying intensity levels from 2.0 to 4.5 in interior parts and 2.5 to 3.5 in whole vehicles. Leveraging this data, we applied four supervised learning algorithms to develop predictive models for the odor intensity of both interior parts and entire vehicles. During model training, we implemented early stopping techniques for the artificial neural network (ANN) and convolutional neural network-bidirectional long short-term memory (CNN-BiLSTM) models, while optimizing the support vector machine (SVM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models using the GridSearch algorithm. The evaluation results reveal that the CNN-BiLSTM model performs the best, achieving an average accuracy of 89% for unknown samples within an odor intensity level of 0.5. The root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.24, and the mean absolute error (MAE) is 0.08. The model also underwent a sevenfold cross-validation, achieving an accuracy of 83.43%. Additionally, we employed SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for the interpretative analysis of the model, which confirmed the consistency of each VOC's odor contribution with human olfactory rules. By predicting odors based on VOCs through supervised learning, this study reduces the costs and enhances the efficiency and applicability of odor assessment across various vehicle interiors.
Topics: Odorants; Volatile Organic Compounds; Neural Networks, Computer; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Vehicle Emissions; Support Vector Machine
PubMed: 38668943
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33293-y -
Environmental Science and Pollution... May 2024Two commercial biopesticides were studied to determine their persistence in two soil types, such as sandy clay loam and clay loam soils. For this purpose, an orange...
Two commercial biopesticides were studied to determine their persistence in two soil types, such as sandy clay loam and clay loam soils. For this purpose, an orange oil-based biopesticide was used, being limonene its main ingredient. The other biopesticide was based on cinnamon extract and trans-cinnamaldehyde as its main component. Degradation of these compounds was monitored, and transformation products or metabolites were detected. Limonene and its metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and trans-cinnamaldehyde by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Both techniques were coupled to a high-resolution mass (HRMS) analyzer, such as quadrupole (Q)-Orbitrap. Limonene and trans-cinnamaldehyde were rapidly degraded as result of first-order kinetics. Possible metabolites such as thymol, cymene, isoterpinolene and cymenene for limonene, and hydroxycinnamic acid for trans-cinnamaldehyde were tentatively identified. Moreover, four other metabolites of trans-cinnamaldehyde, some of them not previously described, were also detected.
Topics: Limonene; Acrolein; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Terpenes; Cyclohexenes
PubMed: 38668941
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33334-6 -
Toxics Apr 2024(1) Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are indoor pollutants absorbed by inhalation. The association of several VOCs with lung function in children and...
(1) Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are indoor pollutants absorbed by inhalation. The association of several VOCs with lung function in children and adolescents is unknown. (2) Methods: We analyzed 505 participants, 6-17-year-olds from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to estimate the associations of VOC metabolites with spirometry outcomes adjusting for covariates. (3) Results: Urinary metabolites of xylene, acrylamide, acrolein, 1,3-butadiene, cyanide, toluene, 1-bromopropane, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, styrene, ethylbenzene, and crotonaldehyde were all detected in ≥64.5% of participants. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) % predicted was lower in participants with higher levels of metabolites of acrylamide (β: -7.95, 95% CI: -13.69, -2.21) and styrene (β: -6.33, 95% CI: -11.60, -1.07), whereas the FEV to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio % was lower in children with higher propylene oxide metabolite levels (β: -2.05, 95% CI: -3.49, -0.61). FEV % predicted was lower with higher crotonaldehyde metabolite levels only in overweight/obese participants (β: -15.42, 95% CI: -26.76, -4.08) (P < 0.001) and with higher 1-bromopropane metabolite levels only in those with serum cotinine > 1 ng/mL (β: -6.26, 95% CI: -9.69, -2.82) (P < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: We found novel associations of metabolites for acrylamide, propylene oxide, styrene, 1-bromopropane and crotonaldehyde with lower lung function in children and adolescents.
PubMed: 38668512
DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040289 -
Journal of the American Society For... Jun 2024Quantifying reactive aldehyde biomarkers, such as malondialdehyde, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde, is the most preferred approach to determine oxidative stress. However,...
Quantifying reactive aldehyde biomarkers, such as malondialdehyde, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde, is the most preferred approach to determine oxidative stress. However, reported analytical methods lack specificity for accurately quantifying these aldehydes as certain methodologies may produce false positive results due to harsh experimental conditions. Thus, in this research work, a novel HILIC-MS/MS method with endogenous histidine derivatization is developed, which proves to have higher specificity and reproducibility in quantifying these aldehydes from the biological matrix. To overcome the reactivity of aldehyde, endogenous histidine is used for its derivatization. The generated adduct is orthogonally characterized by NMR and LC-HRMS. The method employed a hydrophilic HILIC column and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) to accurately quantify these reactive aldehydes. The developed method is an unequivocal solution for quantifying stress in and studies.
Topics: Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Biomarkers; Malondialdehyde; Acrolein; Animals; Oxidative Stress; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Reproducibility of Results; Humans; Histidine; Chromatography, Liquid; Aldehydes
PubMed: 38665041
DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00431 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Aug 2024Cinnamomum cassia Presl (Cinnamomum cassia) is a common traditional Chinese medicine, which can promote the secretion and digestion of gastric juice, improve the...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Cinnamomum cassia Presl (Cinnamomum cassia) is a common traditional Chinese medicine, which can promote the secretion and digestion of gastric juice, improve the function of gastrointestinal tract. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a synthetic food flavoring in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This study aimed to search for the active ingredient (CA) of inhibiting H. pylori from Cinnamomum cassia, and elucidate mechanism of action, so as to provide the experimental basis for the treatment of H. pylori infection with Cinnamomum cassia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
It's in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties were evaluated based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and an acute gastric inflammation model in mice infected with H. pylori. Drug safety was evaluated using the CCK8 method and high-dose administration in mice. The advantageous characteristics of CA in inhibiting H. pylori were confirmed using acidic conditions and in combination with the antibiotics. The mechanism underlying the action of CA on H. pylori was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), adhesion experiments, biofilm inhibition tests, ATP and ROS release experiments, and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) screening of target proteins. The protein function and target genes were verified by molecular docking and Real-Time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR).
RESULTS
The results demonstrated that CA was found to be the main active ingredient against H. pylori in Cinnamomum cassia in-vitro tests, with a MIC of 8-16 μg/mL. Moreover, CA effectively inhibited both sensitive and resistant H. pylori strains. The dual therapy of PPI + CA exhibited remarkable in vivo efficacy in the acute gastritis mouse model, superior to the standard triple therapy. DARTS, molecular docking, and qRT-PCR results suggested that the target sites of action were closely associated with GyrA, GyrB, AtpA, and TopA, which made DNA replication and transcription impossible, then leading to inhibition of bacterial adhesion and colonization, suppression of biofilm formation, and inhibition ATP and enhancing ROS.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated the suitability of CA as a promising lead drug against H. pylori, The main mechanisms can target GyrA ect, leading to reduce ATP and produce ROS, which induces the apoptosis of bacterial.
Topics: Animals; Acrolein; Helicobacter pylori; Cinnamomum aromaticum; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mice; Helicobacter Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Male; Molecular Docking Simulation; Biofilms
PubMed: 38663778
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118222