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Journal of Ethnopharmacology Aug 2024Cinnamomum cassia Presl (Cinnamomum cassia) is a common traditional Chinese medicine, which can promote the secretion and digestion of gastric juice, improve the...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Cinnamomum cassia Presl (Cinnamomum cassia) is a common traditional Chinese medicine, which can promote the secretion and digestion of gastric juice, improve the function of gastrointestinal tract. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a synthetic food flavoring in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This study aimed to search for the active ingredient (CA) of inhibiting H. pylori from Cinnamomum cassia, and elucidate mechanism of action, so as to provide the experimental basis for the treatment of H. pylori infection with Cinnamomum cassia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
It's in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties were evaluated based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and an acute gastric inflammation model in mice infected with H. pylori. Drug safety was evaluated using the CCK8 method and high-dose administration in mice. The advantageous characteristics of CA in inhibiting H. pylori were confirmed using acidic conditions and in combination with the antibiotics. The mechanism underlying the action of CA on H. pylori was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), adhesion experiments, biofilm inhibition tests, ATP and ROS release experiments, and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) screening of target proteins. The protein function and target genes were verified by molecular docking and Real-Time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR).
RESULTS
The results demonstrated that CA was found to be the main active ingredient against H. pylori in Cinnamomum cassia in-vitro tests, with a MIC of 8-16 μg/mL. Moreover, CA effectively inhibited both sensitive and resistant H. pylori strains. The dual therapy of PPI + CA exhibited remarkable in vivo efficacy in the acute gastritis mouse model, superior to the standard triple therapy. DARTS, molecular docking, and qRT-PCR results suggested that the target sites of action were closely associated with GyrA, GyrB, AtpA, and TopA, which made DNA replication and transcription impossible, then leading to inhibition of bacterial adhesion and colonization, suppression of biofilm formation, and inhibition ATP and enhancing ROS.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated the suitability of CA as a promising lead drug against H. pylori, The main mechanisms can target GyrA ect, leading to reduce ATP and produce ROS, which induces the apoptosis of bacterial.
Topics: Animals; Acrolein; Helicobacter pylori; Cinnamomum aromaticum; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mice; Helicobacter Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Male; Molecular Docking Simulation; Biofilms
PubMed: 38663778
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118222 -
Biomaterials Advances Jun 2024To obtain the collaborative antifungal potential of nanocomposites conjugated with graphene oxide (GO), a combination of GO with chitosan (CS/GO) and GO with chitosan...
To obtain the collaborative antifungal potential of nanocomposites conjugated with graphene oxide (GO), a combination of GO with chitosan (CS/GO) and GO with chitosan (CS) and polyaniline (PANI/CS/GO) was carried out. The synthesized GO-nanocomposites were recognized by several techniques. Vanillin (Van.) and cinnamaldehyde (Cinn.) were loaded on the prepared nanocomposites as antioxidants through a batch adsorption process. In vitro release study of Van. and Cinn. from the nanocomposites was accomplished at pH 7 and 25°C. The antimicrobial activity of GO, CS/GO, and PANI/CS/GO was studied against tomato Fusarium oxysporum (FOL) and Pythium debaryanum (PYD) pathogens. The loaded ternary composite PANI/CS/GO exhibited the best percent of reduction against the two pathogens in vitro studies. The Greenhouse experiment revealed that seedlings' treatment by CS/GO/Van. and PANI/CS/GO/Van significantly lowered both disease index and disease incidence. The loaded CS/GO and PANI/CS/GO nanocomposites had a positive effect on lengthening shoots. Additionally, when CS/GO/Cinn., CS/GO/Van. and PANI/CS/GO/Van. were used, tomato seedlings' photosynthetic pigments dramatically increased as compared to infected control. The results show that these bio-nanocomposites can be an efficient, sustainable, nontoxic, eco-friendly, and residue-free approach for fighting fungal pathogens and improving plant growth.
Topics: Graphite; Solanum lycopersicum; Nanocomposites; Antifungal Agents; Fusarium; Chitosan; Benzaldehydes; Plant Diseases; Pythium; Aniline Compounds; Acrolein
PubMed: 38642516
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213863 -
Food Microbiology Aug 2024Aspergillus flavus colonization on agricultural products during preharvest and postharvest results in tremendous economic losses. Inspired by the synergistic antifungal...
Aspergillus flavus colonization on agricultural products during preharvest and postharvest results in tremendous economic losses. Inspired by the synergistic antifungal effects of essential oils, the aims of this study were to explore the mechanism of combined cinnamaldehyde and nonanal (S) against A. flavus and to evaluate the antifungal activity of S loading into diatomite (DM). Shriveled mycelia were observed by scanning electron microscopy, especially in the S treatment group. Calcofluor white staining, transmission electron microscopy, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining and the inhibition of key enzymes in tricarboxylic acid cycle indicated that the antifungal mechanism of S against A. flavus was related to the cell wall damage, reactive oxygen species accumulation and energy metabolism interruption. RNA sequencing revealed that some genes involved in antioxidation were upregulated, whereas genes responsible for cell wall biosynthesis, oxidative stress, cell cycle and spore development were significantly downregulated, supporting the occurrence of cellular apoptosis. In addition, compared with the control group, conidia production in 1.5 mg/mL DM/cinnamaldehyde, DM/nonanal and DM/S groups were decreased by 27.16%, 48.22% and 76.66%, respectively, and the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contents decreased by 2.00%, 73.02% and 84.15%, respectively. These finding suggest that DM/S complex has potential uses in food preservation.
Topics: Aspergillus flavus; Antifungal Agents; Aflatoxin B1; Food Preservation; Acrolein; Aldehydes
PubMed: 38637086
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104524 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in both indoor and outdoor environments. Evidence on the associations of individual and joint VOC exposure with...
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in both indoor and outdoor environments. Evidence on the associations of individual and joint VOC exposure with all-cause and cause-specific mortality is limited. Measurements of 15 urinary VOC metabolites were available to estimate exposure to 12 VOCs in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 and 2011-2018. The environment risk score (ERS) was calculated using LASSO regression to reflect joint exposure to VOCs. Follow-up data on death were obtained from the NHANES Public-Use Linked Mortality File through December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline models were applied to evaluate the associations of individual and joint VOC exposures with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Population attributable fractions were calculated to assess the death burden attributable to VOC exposure. During a median follow-up of 6.17 years, 734 (8.34 %) deaths occurred among 8799 adults. Urinary metabolites of acrolein, acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and ethylbenzene/styrene were significantly associated with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease (RD), and cancer mortality in a linear dose-response manner. Linear and robust dose-response relationships were also observed between ERS and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Each 1-unit increase in ERS was associated with a 33.6 %, 39.1 %, 109.8 %, and 67.8 % increase for all-cause, CVD, RD, and cancer mortality risk, respectively. Moreover, joint exposure to VOCs contributed to 17.95 % of all-cause deaths, 13.49 % of CVD deaths, 35.65 % of RD deaths, and 33.85 % of cancer deaths. Individual and joint exposure to VOCs may enhance the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Reducing exposure to VOCs may alleviate the all-cause and cause-specific death burden.
Topics: Humans; Volatile Organic Compounds; Prospective Studies; Male; United States; Adult; Environmental Exposure; Female; Middle Aged; Air Pollutants; Nutrition Surveys; Cardiovascular Diseases; Butadienes; Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Mortality; Benzene Derivatives
PubMed: 38636853
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172512 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... Mar 2024In order to study the neuroprotective mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on reserpine-induced Parkinson's disease(PD) rat models, 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into...
In order to study the neuroprotective mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on reserpine-induced Parkinson's disease(PD) rat models, 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Madopar group, and cinnamaldehyde high-, medium-, and low-dose groups. Except for the blank group, the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with reserpine of 0.1 mg·kg~(-1) once every other morning, and cinnamaldehyde and Madopar solutions were gavaged every afternoon. Open field test, rotarod test, and oral chewing movement evaluation were carried out in the experiment. The brain was taken and fixed. The positive expression of dopamine receptor D1(DRD1) was detected by TSA, and the changes in neurotransmitters such as dopamine(DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(DOPAC) in the brain were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The protein and mRNA expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and α-synuclein(α-Syn) in substantia nigra(SN) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that after the injection of reserpine, the hair color of the model group became yellow and dirty; the arrest behavior was weakened, and the body weight was reduced. The spontaneous movement and exploration behavior were reduced, and the coordination exercise ability was decreased. The number of oral chewing was increased, but the cognitive ability was decreased, and the proportion of DRD1 positive expression area in SN was decreased. The expression of TH protein and mRNA was down-regulated, and that of α-Syn protein and mRNA was up-regulated. After cinnamaldehyde intervention, it had an obvious curative effect on PD model animals. The spontaneous movement behavior, the time of staying in the rod, the time of movement, the distance of movement, and the number of standing times increased, and the number of oral chewing decreased. The proportion of DRD1 positive expression area in SN increased, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of α-Syn were down-regulated. The protein and mRNA expression levels of TH were up-regulated. In addition, the levels of DA, DOPAC, and homovanillic acid(HVA) neurotransmitters in the brain were up-regulated. This study can provide a new experimental basis for clinical treatment and prevention of PD.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Parkinson Disease; Reserpine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Rats, Wistar; Substantia Nigra; RNA, Messenger; Neurotransmitter Agents; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Acrolein
PubMed: 38621979
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231013.403 -
Food Chemistry Aug 2024The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact and mechanism of soy lecithin incorporation into the gelatin-cinnamaldehyde emulsion, focusing on how it...
The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact and mechanism of soy lecithin incorporation into the gelatin-cinnamaldehyde emulsion, focusing on how it influences emulsion stability during the electrospinning process. In this work, a cinnamaldehyde/gelatin/soy lecithin (CGS) fiber membrane with excellent antibacterial properties was successfully created. The addition of soy lecithin improves the stability of the emulsion and improves the loading performance and fiber morphology of the CGS fiber membrane. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and urea addition confirmed that soy lecithin may strengthen the interface structure of gelatin in the oil and water phases through hydrogen bonds, thus enhancing the stability of the emulsion in electrospinning. The application tests also revealed that the CGS fiber membrane effectively preserved the sensory quality of beef. This study indicates that the vector construction method can extend the utilization of cinnamaldehyde in food industry.
Topics: Acrolein; Gelatin; Emulsions; Lecithins; Nanofibers; Glycine max; Animals; Cattle; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38615636
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139305 -
Food Chemistry Aug 2024Cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion (CNE) was obtained through ultrasonication, using Tween 80 as an emulsifier. The CNE was then applied to chilled pork in conjunction with a...
Cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion (CNE) was obtained through ultrasonication, using Tween 80 as an emulsifier. The CNE was then applied to chilled pork in conjunction with a high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) to mitigate quality deterioration during refrigerated storage. The particle size of CNE ranged from 60 to 150 nm and was positively correlated with the amount of added cinnamaldehyde. The polydispersity index and zeta potential of CNE ranged from 0.25 to 0.30 and - 12 to -11 mV, respectively, indicating a narrow size distribution and stability. The CNE released the odor specific to cinnamaldehyde to pork in the first 4 days of chilling; however, it had little effect on the taste. HVEF pretreatment reduced the initial total viable count (TVC) in pork by 1.14 log cycle. The combination of CNE with HVEF successfully slowed down the loss of moisture, decrease in pH, and accumulation of total volatile basic nitrogen in pork during refrigeration. Furthermore, it mitigated the increase in TVC of pork. Therefore, this integrated method appears to be suitable for extending the shelf life of chilled pork.
Topics: Acrolein; Animals; Swine; Emulsions; Static Electricity; Food Preservation; Food Storage; Taste; Particle Size; Humans; Nanoparticles; Refrigeration
PubMed: 38615635
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139306 -
Toxicology May 2024Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are non-combustible, inhaled tobacco products that generate an aerosol with fewer and lower levels of toxicants, with a potential to...
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are non-combustible, inhaled tobacco products that generate an aerosol with fewer and lower levels of toxicants, with a potential to reduce risk relative to cigarette smoking. Here, we assessed in vitro toxicological effects of three menthol (glo neo neoCLICK, neo Smooth Menthol and Fresh Menthol) and one non-menthol (neo Smooth Tobacco) variants of glo HTP, along with market comparators for cigarettes and HTPs. Limited chemical characterization of the study products revealed significantly lower levels of acetaldehyde, acrolein, crotanaldehyde and formaldehyde in test samples from HTPs than those from cigarettes. The glo HTPs were non-mutagenic in the bacterial reverse mutagenesis assay. Although, the whole aerosol exposures of glo HTPs were classified as genotoxic in the in vitro micronucleus assay, and cytotoxic in the NRU (monolayer) and MTT (3 dimensional EpiAirway™ tissues) assays, the cigarette comparators were the most toxic study products in each of these assessments. Further, glo HTPs elicited oxidative stress responses only at the highest dose tested, whereas the cigarette comparators were potent inducers of oxidative stress at substantially lower doses in the EpiAirway tissues. The comparator (non-glo) HTP results were similar to the glo HTPs in these assays. Thus, the glo HTPs exhibit substantially lower toxicity compared to cigarettes.
Topics: Menthol; Tobacco Products; Humans; Hot Temperature; Oxidative Stress; Nicotiana; Aerosols; Cell Survival; Micronucleus Tests; Animals
PubMed: 38614204
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153801 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Apr 2024The excretion of dietary odorants into urine and milk is evaluated and the impact of possible influencing factors determined. Furthermore, the metabolic relevance of...
SCOPE
The excretion of dietary odorants into urine and milk is evaluated and the impact of possible influencing factors determined. Furthermore, the metabolic relevance of conjugates for the excretion into milk is investigated.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Lactating mothers (n = 20) are given a standardized curry dish and donated one milk and urine sample each before and 1, 2, 3, 4.5, 6, and 8 h after the intervention. The concentrations of nine target odorants in these samples are determined. A significant transition is observed for linalool into milk, as well as for linalool, cuminaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol into urine. Maximum concentrations are reached within 1 h after the intervention in the case of milk and within 2-3 h in the case of urine. In addition, the impact of glucuronidase treatment on odorant concentrations is evaluated in a sample subset of twelve mothers. Linalool, eugenol, and vanillin concentrations increased 3-77-fold in milk samples after treatment with β-glucuronidase.
CONCLUSION
The transfer profiles of odorants into milk and urine differ qualitatively, quantitatively, and in temporal aspects. More substances are transferred into urine and the transfer needs a longer period compared with milk. Phase II metabolites are transferred into urine and milk.
Topics: Humans; Milk, Human; Female; Odorants; Eugenol; Adult; Benzaldehydes; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Glucuronidase; Lactation; Acrolein; Monoterpenes
PubMed: 38602198
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300831 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Apr 2024In this study, it was aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of the essential oil components (EOCs), carvacrol (CAR), cinnamaldehyde (CIN), thymol (TH), alpha...
AIM
In this study, it was aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of the essential oil components (EOCs), carvacrol (CAR), cinnamaldehyde (CIN), thymol (TH), alpha pinene (α-PN), eucalyptol (EU), limonene (LIM), and the antibiotics, linezolid (LZD), vancomycin (VAN), gentamicin (GEN), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (CLN), and penicillin (PEN) against 50 multidrug resistant Corynebacterium striatum strains, and the synergistic interactions of CAR and CIN with the antibiotics against 10 randomly selected Coryne. striatum strains to explore synergistic interactions to determine if their combined use could enhance antibiotic activity and potentially reduce resistance.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The activity of the EOCs and the antibiotics against Coryne. striatum strains isolated from clinical specimens, was examined by broth microdilution method. The synergistic interactions of the EOCs with the antibiotics against 10 randomly selected Coryne. striatum strains were determined by checkerboard method. EOCs, CIN, and CAR and antibiotics, LZD, VAN, GEN, CIP, and CLN were detected to have antibacterial activity against Coryne. striatum strains alone and either synergistic interactions were observed in combinations of the antibiotics with EOCs.
CONCLUSIONS
All Coryne. striatum strains were determined to be susceptible to VAN and LZD and resistant to GEN, PEN, CIP, and CLN. Synergistic interactions were observed in all combinations of antibiotics tested with CAR and CIN.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Synergism; Corynebacterium; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Acrolein; Monoterpenes; Cymenes; Ciprofloxacin; Gentamicins; Vancomycin; Linezolid; Limonene; Eucalyptol; Thymol; Clindamycin; Humans; Penicillins; Terpenes; Cyclohexenes; Corynebacterium Infections
PubMed: 38587823
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae090