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Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024Abiotic and biotic stress conditions lead to production of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) which are lipid peroxide derivatives and have detrimental effects on plant...
Abiotic and biotic stress conditions lead to production of reactive carbonyl species (RCS) which are lipid peroxide derivatives and have detrimental effects on plant cells especially at high concentrations. There are several molecules that can be classified in RCS; among them, 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-nonenal (HNE) and acrolein are widely recognized and studied because of their toxicity. The toxicity mechanisms of RCS are well known in animals but their roles in plant systems especially signaling aspects in metabolism need to be addressed. This chapter focuses on the production mechanisms of RCS in plants as well as how plants scavenge and modify them to prevent irreversible damage in the cell. We aimed to get a comprehensive look at the literature to summarize the signaling roles of RCS in plant metabolism and their interaction with other signaling mechanisms such as highly recognized reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Changing climate promotes more severe abiotic stress effects on plants which also decrease yield on the field. The effects of abiotic stress conditions on RCS metabolism are also gathered in this chapter including their signaling roles during abiotic stresses. Different methods of measuring RCS in plants are also presented in this chapter to draw more attention to the study of RCS metabolism in plants.
Topics: Animals; Acrolein; Climate; Lipid Peroxides; Plant Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 38587738
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3826-2_7 -
European Journal of Cell Biology Jun 2024Therapeutic options for steroid-resistant non-type 2 inflammation in obstructive lung diseases are limited. Bronchial epithelial cells are key in the pathogenesis by...
BACKGROUND
Therapeutic options for steroid-resistant non-type 2 inflammation in obstructive lung diseases are limited. Bronchial epithelial cells are key in the pathogenesis by releasing the central proinflammatory cytokine interleukine-8 (IL-8). Olfactory receptors (ORs) are expressed in various cell types. This study examined the drug target potential of ORs by investigating their impact on associated pathophysiological processes in lung epithelial cells.
METHODS
Experiments were performed in the A549 cell line and in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. OR expression was investigated using RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemical staining. OR-mediated effects were analyzed by measuring 1) intracellular calcium concentration via calcium imaging, 2) cAMP concentration by luminescence-based assays, 3) wound healing by scratch assays, 4) proliferation by MTS-based assays, 5) cellular vitality by Annexin V/PI-based FACS staining, and 6) the secretion of IL-8 in culture supernatants by ELISA.
RESULTS
By screening 100 potential OR agonists, we identified two, Brahmanol and Cinnamaldehyde, that increased intracellular calcium concentrations. The mRNA and proteins of the corresponding receptors OR2AT4 and OR2J3 were detected. Stimulation of OR2J3 with Cinnamaldehyde reduced 1) IL-8 in the absence and presence of bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), 2) proliferation, and 3) wound healing but increased cAMP. In contrast, stimulation of OR2AT4 by Brahmanol increased wound healing but did not affect cAMP and proliferation. Both ORs did not influence cell vitality.
CONCLUSION
ORs might be promising drug target candidates for lung diseases with non-type 2 inflammation. Their stimulation might reduce inflammation or prevent tissue remodeling by promoting wound healing.
Topics: Humans; Epithelial Cells; Receptors, Odorant; Bronchi; A549 Cells; Interleukin-8; Calcium; Lung Diseases; Cell Proliferation; Acrolein
PubMed: 38583306
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151408 -
International Journal of Food... Jun 2024Cinnamaldehyde displays strong antifungal activity against fungi such as Aspergillus niger, but its precise molecular mechanisms of antifungal action remain inadequately...
Cinnamaldehyde displays strong antifungal activity against fungi such as Aspergillus niger, but its precise molecular mechanisms of antifungal action remain inadequately understood. In this investigation, we applied chemoproteomics and bioinformatic analysis to unveil the target proteins of cinnamaldehyde in Aspergillus niger cells. Additionally, our study encompassed the examination of cinnamaldehyde's effects on cell membranes, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase activity, and intracellular ATP levels in Aspergillus niger cells. Our findings suggest that malate dehydrogenase could potentially serve as an inhibitory target of cinnamaldehyde in Aspergillus niger cells. By disrupting the activity of malate dehydrogenase, cinnamaldehyde interferes with the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, leading to a significant decrease in intracellular ATP levels. Following treatment with cinnamaldehyde at a concentration of 1 MIC, the inhibition rate of MDH activity was 74.90 %, accompanied by an 84.5 % decrease in intracellular ATP content. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde disrupts cell membrane integrity, resulting in the release of cellular contents and subsequent cell demise. This study endeavors to unveil the molecular-level antifungal mechanism of cinnamaldehyde via a chemoproteomics approach, thereby offering valuable insights for further development and utilization of cinnamaldehyde in preventing and mitigating food spoilage.
Topics: Acrolein; Aspergillus niger; Malate Dehydrogenase; Fungal Proteins; Antifungal Agents; Adenosine Triphosphate; Proteomics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Citric Acid Cycle
PubMed: 38579546
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110685 -
Biomaterials Advances Jun 2024Combating antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest health challenges because of the ineffectiveness of standard biocide treatments. This challenge could be...
Remarkable enhancement of cinnamaldehyde antimicrobial activity encapsulated in capped mesoporous nanoparticles: A new "nanokiller" approach in the era of antimicrobial resistance.
Combating antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest health challenges because of the ineffectiveness of standard biocide treatments. This challenge could be approached using natural products, which have demonstrated powerful therapeutics against multidrug-resistant microbes. In the present work, a nanodevice consisting of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with an essential oil component (cinnamaldehyde) and functionalized with the polypeptide ε-poly-l-lysine is developed and used as an antimicrobial agent. In the presence of the corresponding stimuli (i.e., exogenous proteolytic enzymes from bacteria or fungi), the polypeptide is hydrolyzed, and the cinnamaldehyde delivery is enhanced. The nanodevice's release mechanism and efficacy are evaluated in vitro against the pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The results demonstrate that the new device increases the delivery of the cinnamaldehyde via a biocontrolled uncapping mechanism triggered by proteolytic enzymes. Moreover, the nanodevice notably improves the antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde when compared to the free compound, ca. 52-fold for E. coli, ca. 60-fold for S. aureus, and ca. 7-fold for C. albicans. The enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil component is attributed to the decrease of its volatility due to its encapsulation in the porous silica matrix and the increase of its local concentration when released due to the presence of microorganisms.
Topics: Acrolein; Nanoparticles; Escherichia coli; Candida albicans; Silicon Dioxide; Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Infective Agents; Porosity; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polylysine
PubMed: 38579520
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213840 -
International Journal of Hygiene and... Jun 2024A growing literature has reported associations between traffic-related air pollution and breast cancer, however there are fewer investigations into specific ambient...
BACKGROUND
A growing literature has reported associations between traffic-related air pollution and breast cancer, however there are fewer investigations into specific ambient agents and any putative risk of breast cancer development, particularly studies occurring in populations residing in higher pollution areas such as Los Angeles.
OBJECTIVES
To estimate breast cancer risks related to ambient air toxics exposure at residential addresses.
METHODS
We examined the relationships between ambient air toxics and breast cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort among 48,665 California female participants followed for cancer from 2003 through 2013. We obtained exposure data on chemicals acting as endocrine disruptors or mammary gland carcinogens from the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate breast cancer risk per one interquartile range (IQR) increase in air toxics exposure lagged by 5-years. Stratified analyses were conducted by race, ethnicity, and hormone receptor types.
RESULTS
Among all women, increased risks of invasive breast cancer were observed with toxicants related to industries [1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.22, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.18-5.60), ethylene dichloride (HR = 2.81, 95% CI 2.20-3.59), and vinyl chloride (HR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.81, 2.85); these 3 agents were correlated (r2 = 0.45-0.77)]. Agents related to gasoline production or combustion were related to increased breast cancer risk [benzene (HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.24, 1.41), ethylbenzene (HR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13-1.28), toluene (HR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.20-1.38), naphthalene (HR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-2.22), acrolein (HR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.92, 2.65)]. Higher hazard ratios were observed in African Americans and Whites compared to other racial and ethnic groups (p-heterogeneity <0.05 for traffic-related air toxics, acrolein, and vinyl acetate).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that specific toxic air pollutants may be associated with increase breast cancer risk.
Topics: Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Middle Aged; Air Pollutants; Aged; Cohort Studies; Environmental Exposure; California; Adult; Risk Factors; Los Angeles; Proportional Hazards Models
PubMed: 38574449
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114362 -
Environmental Toxicology Jul 2024The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing. Oral toxin adsorbents may provide some value. Several uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate...
The number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing. Oral toxin adsorbents may provide some value. Several uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresol (PCS), acrolein, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and inflammation markers (interleukin 6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha) have been shown to be related to CKD progression. A total of 81 patients taking oral activated charcoal toxin adsorbents (AC-134), which were embedded in capsules that dissolved in the terminal ileum, three times a day for 1 month, were recruited. The renal function, hemoglobulin (Hb), inflammation markers, three PFAS (PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA), and acrolein were quantified. Compared with the baseline, an improved glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and significantly lower acrolein were noted. Furthermore, the CKD stage 4 and 5 group had significantly higher concentrations of IS, PCS, IL-6, and TNF but lower levels of Hb and PFAS compared with the CKD Stage 3 group at baseline and after the intervention. Hb was increased only in the CKD Stage 3 group after the trial (p = .032). Acrolein did not differ between the different CKD stage groups. Patients with improved GFR (responders) (about 77%) and nonresponders had similar baseline GFR. Responders had higher acrolein and PFOA levels throughout the study and a more significant reduction in acrolein, indicating a better digestion function. Both the higher PFOA and lower acrolein may be related to improved eGFR (and possibly to improvements in proteinuria, which we did not measure. Proteinuria is associated with PFAS loss in the urine), AC-134 showed the potential to improve the GFR and decrease acrolein, which might better indicate renal function change. Future studies are needed with longer follow-ups.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Aged; Middle Aged; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Cresols; Acrolein; Adsorption; Uremic Toxins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indican; Charcoal; Kidney; Capsules; Administration, Oral
PubMed: 38572829
DOI: 10.1002/tox.24248 -
A Self-Amplifying ROS-Responsive Nanoplatform for Simultaneous Cuproptosis and Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jun 2024Cuproptosis is an emerging cell death pathway that depends on the intracellular Cu ions. Elesclomol (ES) as an efficient Cu ionophore can specifically transport Cu into...
Cuproptosis is an emerging cell death pathway that depends on the intracellular Cu ions. Elesclomol (ES) as an efficient Cu ionophore can specifically transport Cu into mitochondria and trigger cuproptosis. However, ES can be rapidly removed and metabolized during intravenous administration, leading to a short half-life and limited tumor accumulation, which hampers its clinical application. Here, the study develops a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive polymer (PCP) based on cinnamaldehyde (CA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to encapsulate ES-Cu compound (EC), forming ECPCP. ECPCP significantly prolongs the systemic circulation of EC and enhances its tumor accumulation. After cellular internalization, the PCP coating stimulatingly dissociates exposing to the high-level ROS, and releases ES and Cu, thereby triggering cell death via cuproptosis. Meanwhile, Cu-stimulated Fenton-like reaction together with CA-stimulated ROS production simultaneously breaks the redox homeostasis, which compensates for the insufficient oxidative stress treated with ES alone, in turn inducing immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, achieving simultaneous cuproptosis and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the excessive ROS accelerates the stimuli-dissociation of ECPCP, forming a positive feedback therapy loop against tumor self-alleviation. Therefore, ECPCP as a nanoplatform for cuproptosis and immunotherapy improves the dual antitumor mechanism of ES and provides a potential optimization for ES clinical application.
Topics: Reactive Oxygen Species; Animals; Mice; Immunotherapy; Copper; Neoplasms; Humans; Disease Models, Animal; Acrolein; Nanoparticles; Cell Line, Tumor; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers
PubMed: 38569217
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401047 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024Sustainable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) films incorporating lignin nanoparticles (LN) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (CN) have been developed to preserve mango freshness...
Sustainable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) films incorporating lignin nanoparticles (LN) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (CN) have been developed to preserve mango freshness and provide food safety. PBS/LN, PBS/CN, and PBS/LN/CN composite films were produced by blown film melt extrusion. This study investigated the effect of CN-LN on the CN remaining content, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties, diffusion coefficient, and antifungal activity of PBS films both in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that LN in the PBS/LN/CN composite film contained more CN than in the PBS/CN film. The compatibility of CN-LN with PBS produced homogeneous surfaces with enhanced barrier properties. PBS/LN/CN composite films demonstrated superior antifungal efficacy, inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and preserving mango quality during storage. Results suggested that incorporating LN into PBS composite films prolonged the sustained release of antifungal agents, thereby inhibiting microbial growth and extending the shelf life of mangoes. Development of PBS/LN/CN composite films is a beneficial step toward reducing food waste and enhancing food safety.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Acrolein; Mangifera; Lignin; Food Packaging; Colletotrichum; Nanoparticles; Polymers; Butylene Glycols
PubMed: 38565360
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131185 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Apr 2024Changeable substituent groups of organic molecules can provide an opportunity to clarify the antibacterial mechanism of organic molecules by tuning the electron cloud...
Changeable substituent groups of organic molecules can provide an opportunity to clarify the antibacterial mechanism of organic molecules by tuning the electron cloud density of their skeleton. However, understanding the antibacterial mechanism of organic molecules is challenging. Herein, we reported a molecular view strategy for clarifying the antibacterial switch mechanism by tuning electron cloud density of cinnamaldehyde molecule skeleton. The cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives were self-assembled into nanosheets with excellent water solubility, respectively. The experimental results show that α-bromocinnamaldehyde (BCA) nanosheets exhibits unprecedented antibacterial activity, but there is no antibacterial activity for α-methylcinnamaldehyde nanosheets. Therefore, the BCA nanosheets and α-methylcinnamaldehyde nanosheets achieve an antibacterial switch. Theoretical calculations further confirmed that the electron-withdrawing substituent of the bromine atom leads to a lower electron cloud density of the aldehyde group than that of the electron-donor substituent of the methyl group at the α-position of the cinnamaldehyde skeleton, which is a key point in elucidating the antimicrobial switch mechanism. The excellent biocompatibility of BCA nanosheets was confirmed by CCK-8. The mouse wound infection model, H&E staining, and the crawling ability of drosophila larvae show that as-prepared BCA nanosheets are safe and promising for wound healing. This study provides a new strategy for the synthesis of low-cost organic nanomaterials with good biocompatibility. It is expected to expand the application of natural organic small molecule materials in antimicrobial agents.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Nanostructures; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Acrolein; Skeleton
PubMed: 38556984
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18277 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2024Pickering emulsions were prepared by using zein/chitosan nanoparticles as stabilizer and then incorporated into chitosan coatings. To improve the stability and...
Enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan/zein nanoparticle Pickering emulsion-incorporated chitosan coatings in the presence of cinnamaldehyde and tea polyphenol.
Pickering emulsions were prepared by using zein/chitosan nanoparticles as stabilizer and then incorporated into chitosan coatings. To improve the stability and performances, tea polyphenol and cinnamaldehyde (CA) were used to modulate the formation and functionalities of Pickering emulsions. The oil phase in Pickering emulsions were set at 5 % and 20 % to alter the hydrophobicity of chitosan coatings. Physical, structural, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan coatings with Pickering emulsions were characterized. Tea polyphenol significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity of chitosan coatings from 2.09 % to 57.61 % of DPPH value and from 2.63 % to 38.85 % of ABTS value. CA effectively increased the antibacterial activity of chitosan coatings against S. aureus and E. coli. Under 20 % oil content, the inhibition zones on S. aureus and E. coli increased from 3.03 ± 0.23 mm to 18.39 ± 1.22 mm and 7.66 ± 1.61 mm to 15.70 ± 1.75 mm, respectively. The preservative effect of chitosan coatings on fresh pork was further confirmed that the shelf-life of fresh pork could be extended by >4 days. These results suggested a great potential application of Pickering emulsion-incorporated chitosan coatings in the preservation of fresh pork.
Topics: Chitosan; Acrolein; Emulsions; Antioxidants; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Polyphenols; Zein; Nanoparticles; Tea; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Animals; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38552702
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131181