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Heliyon Dec 2023The diagnostic utility of SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10) expression in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) has been reported previously. However, the effect of...
BACKGROUND
The diagnostic utility of SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10) expression in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) has been reported previously. However, the effect of SOX10 on the malignancy of BLBC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unelucidated. Here, we investigate the regulatory mechanisms and roles of SOX10 in BLBC progression.
METHODS
Sequencing data from patients with BLBC were extracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas database to determine the transcriptomic levels of SOX10 across breast cancer subtypes. Subsequently, the bioinformatics relevance of SOX10 in BLBC was investigated. Immunohistochemical assays were used to corroborate the protein expression of SOX10 in clinicopathological specimens (human breast cancer paraffin tissues). RNA interference was used to downregulate SOX10 expression, and the efficiency of interference was evaluated using quantitative PCR. The expression levels of molecules related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway were determined by western blotting. Various assays, such as transwell, colony formation, and flow apoptosis assays, were conducted to assess the malignancy of BLBC cells (MDA-MB-231).
RESULTS
Bioinformatics analyses revealed the differential expression of SOX10 in various breast cancer subtypes. An association between SOX10 and immune checkpoint expression was observed in BLBC. Additionally, immune correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between SOX10 expression and effector immune cells. SOX10 was identified as a potential immunotherapeutic target. Juxtaposed with non-basal-like breast cancer (N-BLBC) and breast adenosis, immunohistochemical analysis revealed the upregulated expression of SOX10 in BLBC, indicating its potential diagnostic significance. Single-gene functional enrichment analysis indicated that SOX10 is associated with EMT and the tumor inflammatory index. Experimental outcomes from cellular assays suggested that the downregulation of SOX10 inhibited multiple malignancy-associated behaviors in MDA-MB-231 cells, specifically affecting the EMT process, migration, invasion, proliferation, clone formation, and anti-apoptotic activities.
CONCLUSIONS
We concluded that SOX10 contributes to the malignancy of BLBC cells by modulating the EMT pathway. Moreover, we observed a notable correlation between SOX10 expression and immune responses, indicating the potential significance of SOX10 in immunotherapy.
PubMed: 38144326
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23162 -
Doklady. Biochemistry and Biophysics Oct 2023Circulating miR-181а and miR-25, which reflect regulation of the expression of carcinogenesis-related genes, were assayed in patients with invasive carcinoma of no...
Circulating miR-181а and miR-25, which reflect regulation of the expression of carcinogenesis-related genes, were assayed in patients with invasive carcinoma of no specific type (ICNT) or benign breast diseases (BBDs) and in subjects without pathologies of the mammary gland (controls). miR-181а expression level proved to be higher compared to control in patients with fibroadenoma and adenosis with low, but not high, risk of malignant transformation, as well as in patients with luminal HER2-negative type B (Lum B HER2-), HER2-positive type (HER2+), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) than in the controls and luminal-type (Lum A) breast cancer. MiR-25 expression level prevailed in patients with Lum B HER2- compared to control, Lum A, and TNBC patients compared to Lum A. Thus, miR-181а and miR-25 expression levels may be risk indicators of malignant transformation in some patients with BBD, whereas in patients with ICNT, these levels reflect pathological processes of different directions within the tumor.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38093131
DOI: 10.1134/S1607672923700436 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023This study aimed to assess the expression levels of non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) in the cells, tissues, and serum of breast cancer (BRCA) patients and...
This study aimed to assess the expression levels of non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) in the cells, tissues, and serum of breast cancer (BRCA) patients and benign breast nodules and investigate its association with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in BRCA. NORAD was analyzed using TCGA-BRCA, GSE77308, Cellminer, and Sangerbox databases, revealing its significance in BRCA prognosis, immune microenvironment, and cell function. Serum samples from 38 BRCA patients, 80 patients with benign breast nodules (50 fibroadenoma and 30 breast adenosis cases), and 42 healthy individuals were collected from Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital. NORAD expression was quantified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Differential NORAD expression between benign and malignant breast nodules and its relationship to clinicopathological characteristics were assessed. NORAD demonstrated elevated expression in BRCA patient serum compared to healthy individuals and those with benign breast nodules (P < 0.05). Moreover, its expression correlated with TNM-stage, lymph node metastasis, and luminal classification. These findings highlight the elevated NORAD expression in BRCA patient serum and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics, providing insights into its potential as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; RNA, Long Noncoding; Prognosis; Lymphatic Metastasis; MicroRNAs; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37993524
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47434-9 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023To analyze the clinical and ultrasonic characteristics of breast sclerosing adenosis (SA) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and construct a predictive nomogram for SA.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the clinical and ultrasonic characteristics of breast sclerosing adenosis (SA) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and construct a predictive nomogram for SA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 865 patients were recruited at the Second Hospital of Shandong University from January 2016 to November 2022. All patients underwent routine breast ultrasound examinations before surgery, and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination following the operation. Ultrasonic features were recorded using the Breast Imaging Data and Reporting System (BI-RADS). Of the 865 patients, 203 (252 nodules) were diagnosed as SA and 662 (731 nodules) as IDC. They were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 6:4. Lastly, the difference in clinical characteristics and ultrasonic features were comparatively analyzed.
RESULT
There was a statistically significant difference in multiple clinical and ultrasonic features between SA and IDC (<0.05). As age and lesion size increased, the probability of SA significantly decreased, with a cut-off value of 36 years old and 10 mm, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis of the training set, age, nodule size, menopausal status, clinical symptoms, palpability of lesions, margins, internal echo, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) grading, and resistance index (RI) were statistically significant (<0.05). These indicators were included in the static and dynamic nomogram model, which showed high predictive performance, calibration and clinical value in both the training and validation sets.
CONCLUSION
SA should be suspected in asymptomatic young women, especially those younger than 36 years of age, who present with small-size lesions (especially less than 10 mm) with distinct margins, homogeneous internal echo, and lack of blood supply. The nomogram model can provide a more convenient tool for clinicians.
PubMed: 37936612
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1276524 -
Breast Disease 2023Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast lesions in women. They present as a unilateral mass and can rapidly enlarge in size through hormonal changes....
BACKGROUND
Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast lesions in women. They present as a unilateral mass and can rapidly enlarge in size through hormonal changes. Fibroadenomas could be classified as small or giant, and as simple or complex. They are classified as 'giant' when the size exceeds 5 cm and/or weight 500 gram; and as 'complex' if one of the following characteristics is present: cysts with a size >3 mm, epithelial calcifications, sclerosing adenosis and papillary apocrine metaplasia. Giant fibroadenomas can cause compression of surrounding breast tissue or breast asymmetry, requiring surgical excision in order to preserve a normal breast shape.
CASE
A 26-year-old pregnant woman was referred with a palpable mass of her right breast. The mass rapidly increased in size to a diameter of 13 cm during the second trimester of her pregnancy. A tru-cut biopsy confirmed a fibroadenoma. The rapid growth and compression of normal breast tissues indicated a lumpectomy during her pregnancy. The mass was easily excised without any consequences for the pregnancy. Pathological examination showed a complex giant fibroadenoma.
CONCLUSION
A unique case of a pregnant woman with rapid progression of a fibroadenoma that met the criteria of a complex and giant fibroadenoma, was presented. This case emphasizes the importance of timely surgical intervention, even during pregnancy, to prevent permanent breast tissue damage.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Pregnant Women; Fibroadenoma; Breast; Fibrocystic Breast Disease
PubMed: 37899052
DOI: 10.3233/BD-230030 -
Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi = Chinese... Sep 2023To investigate the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of benign apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia of the breast with loss of myoepithelial...
To investigate the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of benign apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia of the breast with loss of myoepithelial cell layer. The clinical data, histopathological features and immunohistochemical profile of patients with benign apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia of breast with loss of myoepithelial cell layer from January 2016 to December 2021 were examined, in which six patients were identified. All six patients were female, aged 36-61 years (median 46 years), who presented with a breast mass; three cases were from the left breast and three cases were from the right breast. Microscopic examination of all cases showed breast hyperplasia with apocrine cysts, accompanied by different degrees of micropapillary and papillary hyperplasia of apocrine cells. One case was associated with lobular carcinoma in situ, and one case was associated with apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ with intraductal dissemination in adenosis. Immunohistochemical staining of CK5/6, p63, SMA, SMMHC, Calponin and CD10 showed complete absence of myoepithelial cell layer surrounding ducts in apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia. The myoepithelial cells of apocrine cystic papillary hyperplasia of the breast may undergo abnormal changes and may even be completely lost. The diagnosis should be comprehensively considered along with cytomorphological and histological features to avoid overdiagnosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Epithelial Cells; Hyperplasia; Papilloma; Adult; Middle Aged; Mammary Glands, Human; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Lobular; Carcinoma, Ductal
PubMed: 37670618
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20230209-00113 -
Head & Neck Sep 2023In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological profile of sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA). PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Lilacs, Web of Science,... (Review)
Review
In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological profile of sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA). PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Lilacs, Web of Science, and gray literature were searched to access cases of SPA in salivary glands. One hundred and thirty cases of SPA were found across 61 selected articles. SPA affected mainly the parotid gland of adults with a mean age of 44.6 years old, with a slight preference for females. The lesion was usually presented as a painless firm mass with a long period of evolution. Histologically, they are well-delimitated lesions composed of acinar and ductal elements with a variety of cytomorphologic features surrounded by a densely collagenized stroma. PI3K was the most common gene mutation related to SPA. SPA is a benign condition that mainly affects the parotid gland of female patients and it is usually treated by surgical resection with a good prognosis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Parotid Gland; Adenoma; Sclerosis
PubMed: 37403748
DOI: 10.1002/hed.27435 -
Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 2023Microglandular adenosis (MGA) and atypical microglandular adenosis (AMGA) are intensely rare and distinctive forms of adenosis of the breast, usually occurring in...
Microglandular adenosis (MGA) and atypical microglandular adenosis (AMGA) are intensely rare and distinctive forms of adenosis of the breast, usually occurring in middle-aged women. Carcinoma arising in MGA is an extremely rare subtype of breast carcinoma, and most reported cases are of invasive carcinoma. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are accurate imaging modalities for diagnosing these abnormalities. Our goal in this article was to report a rare instance of ductal carcinoma (DCIS) arising from MGA and AMGA in a very young Vietnamese woman who presented with a palpable mass in her right breast for 1 month. During clinical examination and imaging, suspected lesions were found and categorized as BI-RADS 4a. The final histopathological findings confirmed DCIS arising from MGA/AMGA. In this patient, the disease was detected and managed early when the lesion was localized in the duct and there were no signs of invasive ductal carcinoma.
PubMed: 37292245
DOI: 10.25259/JCIS_32_2023 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Aug 2023Nipple adenoma (NA) is a rare, benign proliferation of the nipple ducts. It may be clinically mistaken for Paget disease or squamous cell carcinoma; thus, microscopic...
Nipple adenoma (NA) is a rare, benign proliferation of the nipple ducts. It may be clinically mistaken for Paget disease or squamous cell carcinoma; thus, microscopic evaluation is paramount. A large case series of NA has not been undertaken since the 1980s. Therefore, we undertook this study to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of NA, emphasizing differential diagnoses and follow-up data. We retrieved 50 cases from our in-house archives or consultation files between 2003 and 2022. Available slides were reviewed, and clinical data and follow-up information were obtained. Cases must have exhibited a dense ductal proliferation in the breast tissue with proximity to the nipple epidermis. All patients were women; median age was 56 years. In all, 68% of patients were symptomatic; 53% demonstrated a skin growth. Overall, 67% were excised completely, either primarily (33%) or via re-excision after biopsy (33%). Four histologic patterns were noted: adenosis (dense proliferation of small-to-medium ducts); large duct (medium-to-large caliber ducts); papillary-like (frond-like architecture with branching, slit-like lumens); and pseudoinfiltrative (ducts squished and distorted by dense stromal fibrosis). Follow-up in 44 patients (88%) with a median time of 66 months showed no evidence of recurrence. NA demonstrates a wide spectrum of histopathologic variation. Subtyping of this entity is unlikely to be clinically relevant. Differentiation from invasive carcinoma or other histologic mimics (syringocystadenoma papilliferum, syringomatous adenoma) may be difficult. Simple excision is curative, and recurrence is rare. A definitive link to invasive carcinoma has not been established.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Breast Neoplasms; Adenoma; Nipples; Adenocarcinoma
PubMed: 37272622
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000002063 -
Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi = Chinese... Jun 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Vaginal Diseases; Adenocarcinoma; Stomach; Hyperplasia; Vaginal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37263931
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20221228-01069