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Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Jun 2024We previously showed comparable volume effects of injections of acellular adipose matrix (AAM), an adipose tissue-derived extracellular matrix, and conventional fat...
BACKGROUND
We previously showed comparable volume effects of injections of acellular adipose matrix (AAM), an adipose tissue-derived extracellular matrix, and conventional fat grafting in a murine model. Thus, AAM could be a novel allogenic injectable product. However, its retention rate poses a concern, as repeated AAM injections may be required in some cases. This study investigated the biological properties and therapeutic value of stored AAM and compared them with those of fresh AAM, in a murine model.
METHODS
AAM was manufactured from fresh human abdominoplasty fat. Fresh and stored injectable AAM was prepared within 24 h and 3 months after generation, respectively. Either fresh or stored injectable AAM was injected into the scalp of athymic nude mice (0.2 mL/sample, n = 6 per group). After 8 weeks, graft retention was assessed through weight measurement, and histological analysis was performed, including immunofluorescence staining for CD31 and perilipin.
RESULTS
Retention rate was significantly reduced in the stored compared to the fresh injectable AAM group. Nevertheless, histological analysis revealed comparable inflammatory cell presence, with minimal capsule formation, in both groups. Adipogenesis occurred in both groups, with no significant difference in the blood vessel area (%) between groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the volume effects of stored AAM for soft tissue reconstruction were limited compared to those of fresh injectable AAM, stored AAM had similar capacity for adipogenesis and angiogenesis. This promising allogeneic injectable holds the potential to serve as an effective "off-the-shelf" alternative for repeated use within a 3-month storage period.
NO LEVEL ASSIGNED
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://link.springer.com/journal/00266 .
PubMed: 38913200
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04175-y -
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine Aug 2024(CF) is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. However, there is a lack of research on its other pharmacological properties. In the...
(CF) is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. However, there is a lack of research on its other pharmacological properties. In the present study, the bifunctional roles of CF in 3T3-L1 and RAW264.7 cells were investigated, focusing on its anti-obesity and immunostimulatory effects. In 3T3-L1 cells, CF effectively mitigated the accumulation of lipid droplets and triacylglycerol. Additionally, CF downregulated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α protein levels; however, this effect was impeded by the knockdown of β-catenin using β-catenin-specific small interfering RNA. Consequently, CF-mediated inhibition of lipid accumulation was also decreased. CF increased the protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase and phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase, while decreasing those of perilipin-1. Moreover, CF elevated the protein levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and PPARγ coactivator 1-α. In RAW264.7 cells, CF enhanced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased their phagocytic capacities. Inhibition of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 significantly reduced the effects of CF on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and phagocytosis, indicating its crucial role in facilitating these effects. CF-induced increase in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators was controlled by the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways, and TLR4 inhibition attenuated the phosphorylation of these kinases. The results of the pesent study suggested that CF inhibits lipid accumulation by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis and thermogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, while stimulating macrophage activation via the activation of JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways mediated by TLR4 in RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, CF simultaneously exerts both anti-obesity and immunostimulatory effects.
PubMed: 38911047
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12604 -
Meat Science Jun 2024The current study aimed to investigate the metabolic and microbial mechanisms behind the effects of dietary wheat levels on intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the psoas...
The current study aimed to investigate the metabolic and microbial mechanisms behind the effects of dietary wheat levels on intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the psoas major muscle (PM) of finishing pigs. Thirty-six barrows were arbitrarily assigned to two groups and fed with diets containing 25% or 55% wheat. Enhancing dietary wheat levels led to low energy states, resulting in reduced IMF content. This coincided with reduced serum glucose and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The AMP-activated protein kinase α2/sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α pathway may be activated by high-wheat diets, causing downregulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis genes, and upregulation of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis genes. High-wheat diets decreased relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Coprococcus, whereas increased SMB53 proportion, subsequently decreasing colonic propionate content. Microbial glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, d-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, flagellar assembly, and caprolactam degradation were linked to IMF content. Metabolomic analysis indicated that enhancing dietary wheat levels promoted the protein digestion and absorption and affected amino acids and lipid metabolism. Enhancing dietary wheat levels reduced serum glucose and colonic propionate content, coupled with strengthened amino acid metabolism, contributing to the low energy states. Furthermore, alterations in microbial composition and propionate resulted from high-wheat diets were associated with primary bile acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as IMF content. Colonic microbiota played a role in reducing IMF content through modulating the propionate-mediated peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor signaling pathway. In conclusion, body energy and gut microbiota balance collectively influenced lipid metabolism.
PubMed: 38909450
DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109574 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Jun 2024Overweight, often known as obesity, is the abnormal and excessive accumulation of fat that exposes the health of a person at risk by increasing the likelihood that they...
BACKGROUND
Overweight, often known as obesity, is the abnormal and excessive accumulation of fat that exposes the health of a person at risk by increasing the likelihood that they may experience many chronic conditions. Consequently, obesity has become a global health threat, presenting serious health issues, and attracting a lot of attention in the healthcare profession and the scientific community.
METHOD
This study aims to explore the anti-adipogenic properties of 7-MEGA™ in an attempt to address obesity, using both in vitro and in vivo research. The effects of 7MEGA™ at three distinct concentrations were investigated in obese mice who were given a high-fat diet (HFD) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
RESULTS
7MEGA™ decreased the total fat mass, overall body weight, and the perirenal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (PWAT and SWAT) contents in HFD mice. Additionally, 7MEGA™ showed promise in improving the metabolic health of individuals with obesity and regulate the levels of insulin hormone, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Furthermore, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and γ, Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1), Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP-1), Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (FABP4), Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD-1) and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein (C/EBPα) were among the adipogenic regulators that 7MEGA™ could regulate.
CONCLUSION
In summary, this study uncovered that 7MEGA™ demonstrates anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects, suggesting its potential in combating obesity.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Adipogenesis; Obesity; Mice; 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Male; PPAR gamma; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; Mice, Obese; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Adipokines; Anti-Obesity Agents; Uncoupling Protein 1; Adipose Tissue, White; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins
PubMed: 38909257
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02175-0 -
Journal of Advanced Research Jun 2024Adipogenesis, the process of white adipose tissue expansion, plays a critical role in the development of obesity. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), known for its role in bone...
INTRODUCTION
Adipogenesis, the process of white adipose tissue expansion, plays a critical role in the development of obesity. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), known for its role in bone metabolism regulation, emerges as a potential regulator in mediating adipogenesis during obesity onset.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to elucidate the involvement of OPG in adipogenesis during the early phases of diet-induced obesity and explore its therapeutic potential in obesity management.
METHODS
Using a diet-induced obesity model, we investigated OPG expression patterns in adipocytes and explored the mechanisms underlying its involvement in adipogenesis. We also assessed the effects of targeted silencing of OPG and recombinant OPG administration on obesity progression and insulin resistance. Additionally, the impact of electroacupuncture treatment on OPG levels and obesity management was evaluated in both animal models and human participants.
RESULTS
OPG expression was prominently activated in adipocytes of white adipose tissues during the early phase of diet-induced obesity. Hyperlipidemia induced Cbfa1-dependent OPG transcription, initiating and promoting adipogenesis, leading to cell-size expansion and lipid storage. Intracellular OPG physically bound to RAR and released the PPARɤ/RXR complex, activating adipogenesis-associated gene expression. Targeted silencing of OPG suppressed obesity development, while recombinant OPG administration promoted disease progression and insulin resistance in obese mice. Electroacupuncture treatment suppressed obesity development in an OPG-dependent manner and improved obesity parameters in obese human participants.
CONCLUSION
OPG emerges as a key regulator in mediating adipogenesis during obesity development. Targeting OPG holds promise for the prevention and treatment of obesity, as evidenced by the efficacy of electroacupuncture treatment in modulating OPG levels and managing obesity-related outcomes.
PubMed: 38906326
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.018 -
PPAR Research 2024We have previously reported the identification of a novel splicing variant of the mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (), referred to as . This variant,...
We have previously reported the identification of a novel splicing variant of the mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (), referred to as . This variant, encoding the PPAR1 protein, is abundantly and ubiquitously expressed, playing a crucial role in adipogenesis. possesses a unique promoter and 5' untranslated region (5'UTR), distinct from those of the canonical mouse and mRNAs. We observed a significant increase in DNA methylation at two CpG sites within the proximal promoter region (-733 to -76) of during adipocyte differentiation. Concurrently, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) using antibodies against H3K4me3 and H3K27ac indicated marked elevations in both methylation and acetylation of histone H3, while the repressive histone mark H3K9me2 significantly decreased, at the transcription start sites of both and following differentiation. Knocking down using specific siRNA also led to a decrease in mRNA and PPAR2 protein levels; conversely, knocking down resulted in reduced mRNA and PPAR1 protein levels, suggesting synergistic transcriptional regulation of and during adipogenesis. Furthermore, our experiments utilizing the CRISPR-Cas9 system identified crucial PPAR-binding sites within the gene locus, underscoring their significance in adipogenesis. Based on these findings, we propose a model of positive feedback regulation for and expression during the adipocyte differentiation process in 3T3-L1 cells.
PubMed: 38899160
DOI: 10.1155/2024/5518933 -
International Journal of Obesity (2005) Jun 2024Human Adenovirus D-36 (HAdV-D36) promotes adipogenesis in cellular and animal models and may contribute to the development of human obesity. Induction of PPARγ by...
BACKGROUND
Human Adenovirus D-36 (HAdV-D36) promotes adipogenesis in cellular and animal models and may contribute to the development of human obesity. Induction of PPARγ by HAdV-D36 seems to have a central role in the maintenance of adipogenic status. There is limited information about epigenetic mechanisms contributing to this process in human adipose tissue. This study evaluated the expression of lncRNAs (ADINR, GAS5 and MEG3) and miRNAs (miR-18a and miR-140) involved in the adipogenic process in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of subjects with obesity with previous HAdV-D36 infection (seropositive) and unexposed (seronegative) subjects with obesity.
METHODS
Individuals with obesity were grouped according to the presence of antibodies against HAdV-D36 (Seropositive: HAdV-D36[+], n = 29; and Seronegative: HAdV-D36[-], n = 28). Additionally, a group of individuals without obesity (n = 17) was selected as a control group. The HAdV-D36 serology was carried out by ELISA. Biopsies of VAT were obtained during an elective and clinically indicated surgery (bariatric or cholecystectomy). RNA extraction from VAT was performed and the expression of PPARG and non-coding RNAs was evaluated by qPCR.
RESULTS
HAdV-D36[+] individuals had lower expression of anti-adipogenic lncRNAs GAS5 (p = 0.016) and MEG3 (p = 0.035) compared with HAdV-D36[-] subjects with obesity. HAdV-D36[+] subjects also presented increased expression of the adipogenic miRNA miR-18a (p = 0.042), which has been reported to be modulated by GAS5 through a RNA sponging mechanism during adipogenic differentiation. Additionally, an inverse correlation of GAS5 with PPARG expression was observed (r = -0.917, p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that HAdV-D36 is related to non-coding RNAs implicated in adipogenesis, representing a potential mechanism by which previous HAdV-D36 infection could be associated with the long-term maintenance of adipogenic status, probably through the GAS5/miR-18a axis.
PubMed: 38898229
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01555-x -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024With the changes in lifestyle and diet structure, the incidence of obesity has increased year by year, and obesity is one of the inducements of many chronic metabolic...
BACKGROUND
With the changes in lifestyle and diet structure, the incidence of obesity has increased year by year, and obesity is one of the inducements of many chronic metabolic diseases. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is the most abundant component of tea polyphenols, has been used for many years to improve obesity and its complications. Though it has been reported that EGCG can improve obesity through many molecular mechanisms, EGCG may have many mechanisms yet to be explored. In this study, we explored other possible mechanisms through molecular docking and in vitro experiments.
METHODS
AutoDock Vina was selected for conducting the molecular docking analysis to elucidate the interaction between EGCG and Notch1, while molecular dynamics simulations were employed to validate this interaction. Then, the new regulation mechanism of EGCG on obesity was verified with in vitro experiments, including a Western blot experiment, immunofluorescence experiment, oil red O staining, and other experiments in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
RESULTS
The molecular docking results showed that EGCG could bind to Notch1 protein through hydrogen bonding. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that EGCG can significantly reduce the sizes of lipid droplets of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and promote UCP-1 expression by inhibiting the expression of Notch1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, thus promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, molecular docking and in vitro cell experiments were used to explore the possible mechanism of EGCG to improve obesity by inhibiting Notch1.
Topics: Animals; Mice; 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipogenesis; Catechin; Gene Expression Regulation; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Obesity; Receptor, Notch1; Uncoupling Protein 1
PubMed: 38893431
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112555 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024var. (Lamiaceae) is widely used not only as an oil or a spice, but also as a traditional medicine to treat colds, coughs, fever, and indigestion. As an ongoing effort,...
var. (Lamiaceae) is widely used not only as an oil or a spice, but also as a traditional medicine to treat colds, coughs, fever, and indigestion. As an ongoing effort, luteolin-7--diglucuronide (), apigenin-7--diglucuronide (), and rosmarinic acid () isolated from var. were investigated for their anti-adipogenic and thermogenic activities in 3T3-L1 cells. Compound exhibited a strong inhibition against adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the expression of and over 52.0% and 45.0%, respectively. Moreover, inhibited the expression of those genes in a dose-dependent manner [: 41.7% (5 µM), 62.0% (10 µM), and 81.6% (50 µM); : 13.8% (5 µM), 18.4% (10 µM), and 37.2% (50 µM)]. On the other hand, the var. water extract showed moderate thermogenic activities. Compounds and also induced thermogenesis in a dose-dependent manner by stimulating the mRNA expressions of , , and . Moreover, an LC-MS/MS chromatogram of the extract was acquired using UHPLC-MS and it was analyzed by feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) and the Progenesis QI software (version 3.0). The chemical profiling of the extract demonstrated that flavonoids and their glycoside derivatives, including those isolated earlier as well as rosmarinic acid, are present in var. .
Topics: Mice; Perilla frutescens; Animals; Plant Extracts; 3T3-L1 Cells; Depsides; Anti-Obesity Agents; Cinnamates; Rosmarinic Acid; Adipogenesis; Adipocytes; Cell Differentiation; Obesity; Thermogenesis
PubMed: 38893341
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112465 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Blackberries (), which are known to include a variety of bioactive substances, have been extensively studied for their antioxidant properties. Blackberries possess...
Blackberries (), which are known to include a variety of bioactive substances, have been extensively studied for their antioxidant properties. Blackberries possess multiple health beneficial effects, including anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activity. However, the potential biological effects and precise molecular mechanisms of the fermented extracts remain largely unexplored. In this research, we demonstrate the effect of blackberries fermented with for addressing obesity. We investigated the effect of blackberries fermented by on mice fed a high-fat (60% kcal) diet for 12 weeks. Fermented blackberry administration reduced the body weight and epididymal fat caused by a high-fat diet compared to the obese group. The triglyceride and total cholesterol, which are blood lipid indicators, and the levels of leptin, which is an insulin resistance indicator, were significantly increased in the obese group but were significantly decreased in the fermented blackberries-treated group. Additionally, the expression of adipogenesis marker proteins, such as CEBPα, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1, was significantly increased in the obese group, whereas it was decreased in the fermented blackberries-treated group. These results suggest that fermented blackberries have a protective effect against high-fat-diet-induced obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and are a potential candidate for the treatment of obesity.
Topics: Animals; Adipogenesis; Rubus; Mice; Obesity; Anti-Obesity Agents; Male; Diet, High-Fat; PPAR gamma; Fermentation; Signal Transduction; Lactobacillus plantarum; Plant Extracts; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Leptin; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; Triglycerides; Body Weight
PubMed: 38892352
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116164