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Journal of Youth and Adolescence Jun 2024Incongruent perceptions of parental emotional expressivity between parents and adolescents may signify relational challenges, potentially impacting adolescents'...
Incongruent perceptions of parental emotional expressivity between parents and adolescents may signify relational challenges, potentially impacting adolescents' socioemotional adjustment. Direct evidence is still lacking and father-adolescent discrepancies are overlooked. This study employed a multi-informant design to investigate whether both mother-adolescent and father-adolescent discrepancies in perceptions of parental expressivity are related to adolescents' mental well-being, specifically focusing on loneliness and depression. Analyzing data from 681 families (mean age of adolescents = 15.5 years old, 51.2% girls, 40% only-children) in China revealed that adolescents tended to perceive paternal and maternal emotional expressivity more negatively than their parents, particularly fathers. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis showed significant links between parent-adolescent congruence and incongruence and adolescent loneliness. (In)Congruence between adolescents and mothers or fathers predicted later adolescent depression, mediated by adolescent loneliness and varied by the dimension of emotional expressivity. These findings provide insights into the roles of mothers' and fathers' emotional expressivity in shaping children's mental well-being during adolescence.
PubMed: 38864953
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02033-3 -
Frontiers in Network Physiology 2024Abnormal neuronal synchrony is associated with several neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor, dystonia, and epilepsy. Coordinated...
BACKGROUND
Abnormal neuronal synchrony is associated with several neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor, dystonia, and epilepsy. Coordinated reset (CR) stimulation was developed computationally to counteract abnormal neuronal synchrony. During CR stimulation, phase-shifted stimuli are delivered to multiple stimulation sites. Computational studies in plastic neural networks reported that CR stimulation drove the networks into an attractor of a stable desynchronized state by down-regulating synaptic connections, which led to long-lasting desynchronization effects that outlasted stimulation. Later, corresponding long-lasting desynchronization and therapeutic effects were found in animal models of PD and PD patients. To date, it is unclear how spatially dependent synaptic connections, as typically observed in the brain, shape CR-induced synaptic downregulation and long-lasting effects.
METHODS
We performed numerical simulations of networks of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity and spatially dependent synaptic connections to study and further improve acute and long-term responses to CR stimulation.
RESULTS
The characteristic length scale of synaptic connections relative to the distance between stimulation sites plays a key role in CR parameter adjustment. In networks with short synaptic length scales, a substantial synaptic downregulation can be achieved by selecting appropriate stimulus-related parameters, such as the stimulus amplitude and shape, regardless of the employed spatiotemporal pattern of stimulus deliveries. Complex stimulus shapes can induce local connectivity patterns in the vicinity of the stimulation sites. In contrast, in networks with longer synaptic length scales, the spatiotemporal sequence of stimulus deliveries is of major importance for synaptic downregulation. In particular, rapid shuffling of the stimulus sequence is advantageous for synaptic downregulation.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that CR stimulation parameters can be adjusted to synaptic connectivity to further improve the long-lasting effects. Furthermore, shuffling of CR sequences is advantageous for long-lasting desynchronization effects. Our work provides important hypotheses on CR parameter selection for future preclinical and clinical studies.
PubMed: 38863734
DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1351815 -
Hospital Pediatrics Jul 2024To compare the efficacy (as measured by time to resolution of pain) and safety of valproate infusion and lidocaine infusion in the treatment of pediatric status... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy (as measured by time to resolution of pain) and safety of valproate infusion and lidocaine infusion in the treatment of pediatric status migrainosus.
METHODS
We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study from March 2014 to June 2021 evaluating children and adolescents who received a lidocaine or sodium valproate infusion for the treatment of status migrainosus. During the study period, lidocaine infusion was exclusively used before March 2016, whereas sodium valproate infusion was exclusively used afterward.
RESULTS
A total of 31 patients received lidocaine and 63 received sodium valproate infusion. Patients in the lidocaine group achieved significantly faster control of pain with median hours to pain free of 11.7 (interquartile range, 3.8-32.3) hours compared with 43.4 (interquartile range 13.8-68.7) hours in the valproate group (P = .002). At discharge, 21 of 31 (67.7%) of patients receiving lidocaine were pain-free compared with 26 of 59 (44.1%) of patients receiving valproate (P = .03). There were significantly more infusion interruptions of valproate compared with lidocaine for various patient-related factors (16/63, 25.4% vs 1/31, 3.2%; P = .009). More adverse effects were observed with valproate (42/63, 67%) compared with lidocaine (1/31, 3.2%; P < .001). The significant difference in hours to pain control persisted after adjustment for sex, race, age, BMI, presence of comorbidities, and pain score at admission. All patients in both groups completed the infusions and were discharged from the hospital.
CONCLUSIONS
Intravenous lidocaine infusion is associated with superior pain control and a better safety profile compared with intravenous sodium valproate infusion in status migrainosus.
Topics: Humans; Lidocaine; Valproic Acid; Female; Retrospective Studies; Male; Infusions, Intravenous; Child; Adolescent; Anesthetics, Local; Migraine Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38860308
DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007593 -
Journal of Neuroendocrinology Jun 2024The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) imparts health risks including dyslipidaemia, diabetes and cardiovascular disease that are amenable to lifestyle adjustment and/or...
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) imparts health risks including dyslipidaemia, diabetes and cardiovascular disease that are amenable to lifestyle adjustment and/or medication. We describe dyslipidaemia in women referred to a gynaecological endocrine clinic. Clinical data and endocrine and lipoprotein investigations comprising fasting triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) were studied along with electrophoresis patterns of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. The 1721 participants comprised black, mixed ancestry, white and Indian individuals (9.8%, 83.2%, 5.8% and 1.2%, respectively). The mean ± standard deviation of the age, body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio were 26.0 ± 5.9 years, 32.3 ± 8.3 kg/m and waist/hip ratio 0.88 ± 0.11, respectively. Overweight status (BMI 26-30 kg/m) and obesity (BMI >30 kg/m) involved 272 (15.8%) and 1010 (58.7%) individuals, respectively. Morbid obesity (BMI >40 kg/m) was present in 309 (17.9%) individuals. The TG, TC, HDLC and LDLC concentrations were 1.22 ± 0.86, 4.77 ± 1.02, 1.3 ± 0.36, 2.94 ± 0.94 mmol/L, respectively. LDL hypercholesterolaemia occurred in 753 (43.7%) and exceeded 5 mmol/L in 39 (2.3%) women. Low HDLC (<0.9 mmol/L) affected 122 (7%), hypertriglyceridaemia (>1.7 mmol/L) affected 265 (15.4%) and exceeded 2.5 mmol/L in 91 (5.3%) women. Mixed hyperlipidaemia (TG >1.7, TC >5.0 mmol/L) occurred in 176 (10.2%). Electrophoresis revealed small LDL particles in 79 (4.6%) and dysbetalipoproteinaemia in 13 (0.76%) of the cohort. Small LDL associated with obesity, blood pressure, TG and glucose concentration and higher androgenic state. Many women with PCOS had unfavourable lipoprotein results: mostly moderate changes in TG, HDLC and LDLC. Small LDL is not rare, may aid risk assessment and is best determined directly. Incidental monogenic disorders of lipoprotein metabolism included dysbetalipoproteinaemia, familial hypercholesterolaemia and severe hypertriglyceridaemia. Dyslipidaemia in PCOS requires more careful diagnosis, individualised management and research.
PubMed: 38858175
DOI: 10.1111/jne.13414 -
Environmental exposure to metal(loid)s and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A systematic review.Environmental Research Jun 2024Environmental exposure to metal(loid)s has been associated with adverse effects on human health, but the systemic repercussion of these elements on the development of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Environmental exposure to metal(loid)s has been associated with adverse effects on human health, but the systemic repercussion of these elements on the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is still poorly understood.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize evidence published about the influence of environmental exposure to aluminum, arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, strontium and mercury on the development of HDP.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature review according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The search strategy was validated by the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies. We searched for articles published up to February 2023 in seven databases without language restriction. Two researchers conducted the steps for selection, data extraction and evaluation of the methodological quality of the instruments for epidemiological studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Any disagreements were resolved by a third researcher.
RESULTS
We obtained 5076 records, of which 37 articles met the inclusion criteria moderate to high methodological quality. Single exposure to metal(loid)s was predominant, and the leading biological matrix analyzed to detect the concentrations from exposure was maternal blood. Lead was the metal investigated the most, and had the largest number of studies showing positive association with HDP. In relation to the other metal(loid)s, higher levels were found in women with HDP in comparison with healthy women, but the finding of a cause-effect relationship was inconsistent.
CONCLUSIONS
Although we found evidence of harmful effects of the metal(loid)s studied on human health, the results were inconclusive with regard to HDP. Longitudinal studies that consider prospective investigation, adjustment of confounding factors and the interference of other contaminants in the exacerbation of oxidative stress in women from the preconception phase to the puerperal period should be encouraged.
PubMed: 38857855
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119391 -
Transfusion and Apheresis Science :... May 2024Transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) is a severe form of beta-thalassemia, characterized by defective-globin production, resulting in a buildup of unpaired alpha...
BACKGROUND
Transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) is a severe form of beta-thalassemia, characterized by defective-globin production, resulting in a buildup of unpaired alpha globin chains. Patients with TDT can only survive if they receive safe blood transfusions regularly, which causes iron overload in their blood, which causes a variety of disorders. Cations and trace elements in TDT patients as a drug target deserve more studies.
OBJECTIVES
In the present study, the cations and some trace elements were studied in TDT patients as a tool to adjust their level in the case of any disturbances.
METHODS
Serum calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, and iron were measured spectrophotometrically while manganese and cobalt were measured by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy in 100 TDT patients and compared with 35 healthy control children.
RESULTS
Patients with TDT exhibit a notable elevation in blood levels of iron, copper, copper/zinc ratio, and manganese, with a substantial reduction in serum levels of zinc, magnesium, calcium, and cobalt, as compared to the control group. These minerals have diverse associations with clinical data and transfusion frequencies. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the elevated levels of iron, manganese, and calcium exhibit the greatest diagnostic capability, with a sensitivity and specificity of over 80 %, and a Youdin's J value of more than 0.6.
CONCLUSION
The levels of cations and trace elements are disturbed in TDT patients. Hence, the monitoring and adjustment of the level of these minerals are important to prevent further consequences.
PubMed: 38851117
DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2024.103954 -
Plasma ceramides predict all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Jun 2024The CERT1 (Cardiovascular Event Risk Test) score derived from plasma ceramides has been applied clinically for cardiovascular risk assessment.
CONTEXT
The CERT1 (Cardiovascular Event Risk Test) score derived from plasma ceramides has been applied clinically for cardiovascular risk assessment.
OBJECTIVE
To study whether plasma ceramides predict risk of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
A prospective study which included 1903 outpatients with type 2 diabetes in a regional hospital and a primary care facility in Singapore.
EXPOSURE AND OUTCOME
Plasma ceramides (d18:1/16:0, d18:1/18:0, d18:1/24:0, d18:1/24:1) were measured by mass spectrometry and CERT1 score was calculated accordingly. Main outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
RESULTS
252 death events were identified during median of 9.3 years of follow-up. Compared to those with low score (≤ 2), participants with a high CERT1 score (≥ 7) had 1.86 (95% CI 1.30-3.65) fold increased risk for all-cause death after adjustment for cardio-renal risk factors including eGFR and albuminuria. As continuous variable, one- unit increment in CERT1 was associated with 8% increased risk for all-cause death (adjusted HR 1.08 [1.04-1.13]). Adding CERT1 onto RECODe (Risk Equations for Complications Of type 2 Diabetes) mortality risk engine significantly improved prediction of 10- year risk of all-cause death (AUC 0.810 to 0.823, delta 0.013 [0.005-0.022]). The association between CERT1 and non-cardiovascular death remained significant (adjusted HR 2.12 [1.32-3.42]), whereas its association with cardiovascular death became non-significant after adjustment for kidney measurements (adjusted HR 1.41 [0.78-2.56]).
CONCLUSION
CERT1 score predicts mortality risk independent of clinical cardio-renal risk factors. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanistic linkage between ceramide and mortality, especially non-cardiovascular mortality.
PubMed: 38849301
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae388 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Jun 2024Individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) suffer from comorbidities that substantially reduce their life expectancy. Socioeconomic inequalities could contribute to many of...
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS
Individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) suffer from comorbidities that substantially reduce their life expectancy. Socioeconomic inequalities could contribute to many of the negative health outcomes associated with SCZ.
STUDY DESIGN
We investigated genome-wide datasets related to SCZ (52 017 cases and 75 889 controls) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, household income (HI; N = 361 687) from UK Biobank, and 2202 medical endpoints assessed in up to 342 499 FinnGen participants. A phenome-wide genetic correlation analysis of SCZ and HI was performed, also assessing whether SCZ genetic correlations were influenced by the HI effect on SCZ. Additionally, SCZ and HI direct effects on medical endpoints were estimated using multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR).
STUDY RESULTS
SCZ and HI showed overlapping genetic correlations with 70 traits (P < 2.89 × 10-5), including mental health, substance use, gastrointestinal illnesses, reproductive outcomes, liver diseases, respiratory problems, and musculoskeletal phenotypes. SCZ genetic correlations with these traits were not affected by the HI effect on SCZ. Considering Bonferroni multiple testing correction (P < 7.14 × 10-4), MR analysis indicated that SCZ and HI may affect medical abortion (SCZ OR = 1.07; HI OR = 0.78), panic disorder (SCZ OR = 1.20; HI OR = 0.60), personality disorders (SCZ OR = 1.31; HI OR = 0.67), substance use (SCZ OR = 1.2; HI OR = 0.68), and adjustment disorders (SCZ OR = 1.18; HI OR = 0.78). Multivariable MR analysis confirmed that SCZ effects on these outcomes were independent of HI.
CONCLUSIONS
The effect of SCZ genetic liability on mental and physical health may not be strongly affected by socioeconomic differences. This suggests that SCZ-specific strategies are needed to reduce negative health outcomes affecting patients and high-risk individuals.
PubMed: 38848523
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae093 -
Indian Journal of Public Health Jan 2024Childhood malnutrition in India remains among the highest in the world. Adult alcohol consumption and severe malnutrition have increased among indigenous people in South... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Childhood malnutrition in India remains among the highest in the world. Adult alcohol consumption and severe malnutrition have increased among indigenous people in South India. However, the association between them is poorly understood.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate this association, which could help design better intervention strategies.
METHODS
This case-control observational study was conducted in the Nilgiri district in South India. Cases included children aged 1-5 years with moderate malnutrition. Controls were defined as children in the same age group with normal weight-for-age. A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), and parental education. The WHO Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire was used to estimate parental alcohol use. Health-care workers collected data from within the community.
RESULTS
The baseline demographics of the children in the control (n = 250) and case groups (n = 177) were similar. Paternal age and AUDIT scores were not different in the two groups. SES was lower in the malnourished group, while maternal education among cases was significantly lower. Maternal and paternal education were associated with childhood malnutrition (odds ratio [OR]: 0.728 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.583-0.903] and OR: 0.753 [95% CI: 0.589-0.957], respectively). After adjustment for covariates, paternal alcohol use was associated with a higher risk of malnutrition (OR: 1.56 [95% CI: 1.00-2.47]), which SES partly mediated.
CONCLUSION
Paternal alcohol consumption is associated with childhood malnutrition, partially mediated by lower SES. Furthermore, lower SES appeared to be strongly associated with paternal alcohol consumption.
Topics: Humans; India; Male; Case-Control Studies; Alcohol Drinking; Female; Child, Preschool; Infant; Child Nutrition Disorders; Rural Population; Socioeconomic Factors; Adult; Fathers; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38847637
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_64_23 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prevalent disorders, and the concurrence so-called overlap syndrome (OVS) is...
PURPOSE
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prevalent disorders, and the concurrence so-called overlap syndrome (OVS) is not rare either. Early recognition of OVS is essential because this group is more prone to cardiovascular morbidities and requires effective multidisciplinary follow-up. This study aimed to evaluate RDW in patients with severe OSAS and investigate whether it can predict OVS.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
96 patients were retrospectively analyzed, of whom 66 were found to have severe OSAS alone and 30 OVS during diagnostic workups. Demographic, polysomnographic, and laboratory results, including RDW, were compared between groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent associates of OVS.
RESULTS
Gender and body mass index (BMI) were similar, however, the mean age and RDW were higher in the OVS group (p:0.008, p:0.002). The increase in RDW remained significant after adjustment for age, BMI, and cardiovascular risk factors. An RDW value of >13.65% was shown to have a 78.3% sensitivity and 60% specificity for predicting OVS in severe OSAS (p:0.004).
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that RDW can be a reliable indicator for diagnosing OVS in OSAS. It can help in identifying the subset of patients who would benefit from proper consultations and multidisciplinary follow-up, leading to appropriate treatment of each disease component and effective monitoring to prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
PubMed: 38846032
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1415410