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Journal of Water and Health Jun 2024The misuse of antibiotics and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern in the aquaculture industry because it contributes to global health risks and...
The misuse of antibiotics and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern in the aquaculture industry because it contributes to global health risks and impacts the environment. This study analyzed the AMR of sentinel bacteria associated with striped catfish () and giant snakehead (), the two main fish species reared in the pond culture in Cambodia. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the recovered isolates from fish, water, and sediment samples revealed the presence of bacteria, such as 22 species belonging to families , , and . Among 48 isolates, (n = 2), (n = 2), (n = 1), (n = 4) were detected. and are known as fish pathogens that occur worldwide in both fresh and marine water aquaculture. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed antibiotic resistance patterns of 24 (50 %) isolates among 48 isolates with higher multiple antibiotic resistance index (> 0.2). All the isolates of were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a frontline antibiotic that is not recommended to use in aquaculture. Therefore, its use has to be strictly controlled. This study expands our knowledge of the AMR status in aquaculture farms which is very limited in Cambodia.
Topics: Aquaculture; Cambodia; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Catfishes; Water Microbiology; Sentinel Species; Phenotype; Genotype; Aeromonadaceae; Enterobacteriaceae; Pseudomonadaceae; Aeromonas caviae; Aeromonas hydrophila; Ciprofloxacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fish Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 38935454
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.101 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) and (Ah) are the causative agents of haemorrhagic disease in grass carp. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and immune... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) and (Ah) are the causative agents of haemorrhagic disease in grass carp. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and immune responses at the miRNA, mRNA, and protein levels in grass carp kidney cells (CIK) infected by Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV, NV) and (Bacteria, NB) to gain insight into their pathogenesis. Within 48 h of infection with Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV), 99 differentially expressed microRNA (DEMs), 2132 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 627 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by sequencing; a total of 92 DEMs, 3162 DEGs, and 712 DEPs were identified within 48 h of infection with . It is worth noting that most of the DEGs in the NV group were primarily involved in cellular processes, while most of the DEGs in the NB group were associated with metabolic pathways based on KEGG enrichment analysis. This study revealed that the mechanism of a grass carp haemorrhage caused by GCRV infection differs from that caused by the infection. An important miRNA-mRNA-protein regulatory network was established based on comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analysis. Furthermore, 14 DEGs and 6 DEMs were randomly selected for the verification of RNA/small RNA-seq data by RT-qPCR. Our study not only contributes to the understanding of the pathogenesis of grass carp CIK cells infected with GCRV and but also serves as a significant reference value for other aquatic animal haemorrhagic diseases.
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Animals; Carps; MicroRNAs; Transcriptome; RNA, Messenger; Reoviridae; Proteomics; Fish Diseases; Gene Expression Profiling; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Cell Line; Reoviridae Infections; Gene Regulatory Networks
PubMed: 38928143
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126438 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024Cytokine-like factor 1 (CYTL1) is a small cytokine and has diverse biological functions in mammals. However, whether CYTL1 exists in lower vertebrates is not clear. In...
Cytokine-like factor 1 (CYTL1) is a small cytokine and has diverse biological functions in mammals. However, whether CYTL1 exists in lower vertebrates is not clear. In this study, we identified cytl homologs in fish and characterized the immune functions in a teleost species, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish CYTL1 homologs share conserved molecular features with their mammalian counterparts, including 6 cysteine residues in the mature peptide, genomic organization and synteny. Gene expression analysis revealed that cytl1 was constitutively expressed in tissues of grass carp, with the highest expression detected in the heart. Upon infection with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), cytl1 was downregulated in the hindgut, head kidney, skin, and spleen. In the primary head kidney leukocytes (HKLs), stimulation with inactivated A. hydrophila, LPS, poly(I:C), IL-22, IFN-a or IFN-γrel resulted in downregulation of cytl1 expression. Recombinant grass carp CYTL1 protein produced in the HEK293-F cells was potent to induce il-10 expression, but had little effect on the expression of il-1β and il-6. In vivo experiments revealed that CYTL1 was effective to recruit macrophages to the muscle injected with cytl expression plasmids. Taken together, our results indicate that CYTL1 is a potent chemokine for recruitment of macrophages in fish.
PubMed: 38925447
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109722 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology Jun 2024The Aeromonadaceae family, comprised of gram-negative bacilli, is ubiquitously distributed across the globe. Infections by Aeromonas species encompass gastroenteritis,...
The Aeromonadaceae family, comprised of gram-negative bacilli, is ubiquitously distributed across the globe. Infections by Aeromonas species encompass gastroenteritis, septicaemia, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), pneumonia, and peritonitis. This report delineates a case of Aeromonas hydrophila infection, manifesting as an array of pustules on the patient's lower extremities subsequent to the ingestion of marine crustaceans, specifically prawns. Prompt diagnosis and the initiation of an appropriate antibiotic regimen are imperative to mitigate the risk of further complications.
PubMed: 38925279
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100658 -
Archives of Microbiology Jun 2024Aeromonas hydrophila poses significant health and economic challenges in aquaculture owing to its pathogenicity and prevalence. Overuse of antibiotics has led to...
Aeromonas hydrophila poses significant health and economic challenges in aquaculture owing to its pathogenicity and prevalence. Overuse of antibiotics has led to multidrug resistance and environmental pollution, necessitating alternative strategies. This study investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm potentials of quercetin against A. hydrophila. Efficacy was assessed using various assays, including antibacterial activity, biofilm inhibition, specific growth time, hemolysis inhibition, autoaggregation, and microscopic evaluation. Additionally, docking analysis was performed to explore potential interactions between quercetin and virulence proteins of A. hydrophila, including proaerolysin, chaperone needle-subunit complex of the type III secretion system, and alpha-pore forming toxin (PDB ID: 1PRE, 2Q1K, 6GRK). Quercetin exhibited potent antibacterial activity with 21.1 ± 1.1 mm zone of inhibition at 1.5 mg mL. It also demonstrated significant antibiofilm activity, reducing biofilm formation by 46.3 ± 1.3% at the MIC and attenuating autoaggregation by 55.9 ± 1.5%. Hemolysis was inhibited by 41 ± 1.8%. Microscopic analysis revealed the disintegration of the A. hydrophila biofilm matrix. Docking studies indicated active hydrogen bond interactions between quercetin and the targeted virulence proteins with the binding energy -3.2, -5.6, and -5.1 kcal mol⁻1, respectively. These results suggest that quercetin is an excellent alternative to antibiotics for combating A. hydrophila infection in aquaculture. The multifaceted efficacy of quercetin in inhibiting bacterial growth, biofilm formation, virulence factors, and autoaggregation highlights the potential for aquaculture health and sustainability. Future research should delve into the precise mechanisms of action and explore synergistic combinations with other compounds for enhanced efficacy and targeted interventions.
Topics: Biofilms; Aeromonas hydrophila; Quercetin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Molecular Docking Simulation; Virulence; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Hemolysis; Bacterial Proteins; Virulence Factors; Animals
PubMed: 38922407
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04034-z -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024is increasingly recognised to be an important pathogen responsible for disease losses in warm-water aquaculture and, similar to several other species, it can infect... (Review)
Review
is increasingly recognised to be an important pathogen responsible for disease losses in warm-water aquaculture and, similar to several other species, it can infect humans. Knowledge of is accumulating, but this species remains relatively under-investigated compared to its close relative, The significance of may have been overlooked in disease events of aquatic animals due to issues with reliable identification. Critical to appreciating the importance of this pathogen is the application of dependable molecular tools that enable accurate identification and discrimination from . and other motile aeromonads. This review aims to synthesise the key literature on , particularly with relevance to aquaculture, including knowledge of the bacterium derived from disease case studies in aquatic hosts. Identification methods and strain phylogeny are discussed, with accurate detection important for prompt diagnosis and for distinguishing strains with heightened virulence. Increasing evidence suggests that may be more virulent than and correct identification is required to determine the zoonotic risks posed, which includes concerns for antibiotic-resistant strains. This review provides an impetus to improve species identification in the future and screen strain collections of presumptive spp. retrospectively to reveal the true prevalence and impact of in aquaculture, the environment, and healthcare settings.
PubMed: 38921763
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060465 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) is a selective autophagy adapter protein that participates in antiviral and bacterial immune responses and plays an important regulatory role...
Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) is a selective autophagy adapter protein that participates in antiviral and bacterial immune responses and plays an important regulatory role in clearing the proteins to be degraded and maintaining intracellular protein homeostasis. In this study, two p62 genes were cloned from common carp (Cyprinus carpio), namely Ccp62-1 and Ccp62-2, and conducted bioinformatics analysis on them. The results showed that Ccp62s had the same structural domain (Phox and Bem1 domain, ZZ-type zinc finger domain, and ubiquitin-associated domain) as p62 from other species. Ccp62s were widely expressed in various tissues of fish, and highly expressed in immune organs such as gills, spleen, head kidney, etc. Subcellular localization study showed that they were mainly distributed in punctate aggregates in the cytoplasm. After stimulation with Aeromonas hydrophila and spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), the expression level of Ccp62s was generally up-regulated. Overexpression of Ccp62s in EPC cells could inhibit SVCV replication. Upon A. hydrophila challenge, the bacterial load in Ccp62s-overexpressing group was significantly reduced, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon factors were increased, and the survival rate of the fish was improved. These results indicated that Ccp62s were involved in the immune response of common carp to bacterial and viral infections.
PubMed: 38914181
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109719 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Jun 2024Aeromonas hydrophila, an opportunistic warm water pathogen, has always been a threat to aquaculture, leading to substantial economic losses. Vaccination of the cultured...
Aeromonas hydrophila, an opportunistic warm water pathogen, has always been a threat to aquaculture, leading to substantial economic losses. Vaccination of the cultured fish would effectively prevent Aeromoniasis, and recent advancements in nanotechnology show promise for efficacious vaccines. Oral delivery would be the most practical and convenient method of vaccine delivery in a grow-out pond. This study studied the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a nanoparticle-loaded outer membrane protein A from A. hydrophila in the zebrafish model. The protein was over-expressed, purified, and encapsulated using poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles via the double emulsion method. The PLGA nanoparticles loaded with recombinant OmpA (rOmpA) exhibited a size of 295 ± 15.1 nm, an encapsulation efficiency of 72.52%, and a polydispersity index of 0.292 ± 0.07. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the spherical and isolated nature of the PLGA-rOmpA nanoparticles. The protective efficacy in A. hydrophila-infected zebrafish after oral administration of the nanovaccine resulted in relative percentage survival of 77.7. Gene expression studies showed significant upregulation of immune genes in the vaccinated fish. The results demonstrate the usefulness of oral administration of nanovaccine-loaded rOmpA as a potential vaccine since it induced a robust immune response and conferred adequate protection against A. hydrophila in zebrafish, Danio rerio.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Aeromonas hydrophila; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Fish Diseases; Bacterial Vaccines; Nanoparticles; Administration, Oral; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Recombinant Proteins; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Vaccination; Nanovaccines
PubMed: 38910219
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04059-y -
Marine Environmental Research Jun 2024Aeromonas hydrophila is highly prevalent in aquaculture animals and aquaculture environment. Due to the abuse of antibiotics, A. hydrophila can change the antibiotic...
Aeromonas hydrophila is highly prevalent in aquaculture animals and aquaculture environment. Due to the abuse of antibiotics, A. hydrophila can change the antibiotic resistance spectrum directly and affect human health indirectly. The use of combined drugs replacement therapy and the long-term coexistence with drug-resistant bacteria are the reality that human beings have to face in dealing with the problem of antibiotic resistance in the future. This study showed the characteristics and trends through abundant results of combined effects related with the combinations of antibiotic and the combinations of antibiotic and phytochemical on A. hydrophila, and revealed the antagonism probability of combinations of antibiotic and phytochemical is significantly higher than that of the combinations of antibiotic. Meanwhile, the combinations of antibiotic and phytochemical could protect the host cells which also achieved the same effectiveness as combination of antibiotics, and the enrichment pathway was proved to be relatively discrete. In addition, the possible mechanism about the reverse "U" shape of the combined effect curve on wild/antibiotic-resistant bacteria was clarified, and it was confirmed that the antagonism for the combinations of antibiotic and phytochemical might has the significance in inhibiting the evolution of bacterial resistance mutations. This study was aims to provide theoretical basis and some clues for the antibiotic resistance control associated with A. hydrophila.
PubMed: 38908112
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106594 -
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Jun 2024The current research aimed to shed light on the efficacy of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) on goldfish (……) growth, gut immunity, morphology, bacterial...
The current research aimed to shed light on the efficacy of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) on goldfish (……) growth, gut immunity, morphology, bacterial nutritional enzyme activity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish fed with EcN at 10, 10 and 10 CFU/g feed for 80 days showed an enhancement in growth better than control fish. The gut innate immunity in terms of lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin and total protein levels was increased in the treatment fish with the best result being observed in fish fed EcN at 10 CFU/ g. In addition, an increase was noted in the upregulation of immune-relevant genes, namely lysozyme, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor α of fish intestine. A marked surge in the number of proteolytic and heterotrophic bacteria was noted in the gut of fish nourished with the probiotic. Histological studies exhibited an improvement in the intestinal absorption surface area, intraepithelial lymphocyte count and goblet cell density. Significantly higher survival rate was obtained in fish fed EcN at 10 CFU/g compared with the fish fed with the basal diet. These data exhibited the beneficial effect of EcN on goldfish growth, digestive enzymes, intestine heterotrophic bacteria and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. This study confirmed the favorable outcomes resulting from the administration of EcN at10 CFU/g.
PubMed: 38907742
DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01366-x