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Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024Curcumin (Cur) exhibits diverse natural pharmacological activities, despite its limited water solubility (hydrophobicity) and low bioavailability. In this investigation,...
Curcumin (Cur) exhibits diverse natural pharmacological activities, despite its limited water solubility (hydrophobicity) and low bioavailability. In this investigation, a valine-curcumin conjugate (Val-Cur) was synthesized through amino acid side chain modification, and its solubility increased to 1.78 mg/mL. In vitro experimental findings demonstrated that the antibacterial activity of Val-Cur against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was significantly superior to that of Cur. The inhibition rate of Val-Cur against HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) cells was higher than that of Cur at low concentrations (below 25 μmol/L), although the IC value of Val-Cur did not differ significantly from that of Cur. In vivo biological effects of Val-Cur were assessed by adding it into the feed (150 mg/kg) of American eels (Anguilla rostrata). Val-Cur significantly improved the growth performance (↑weight gain rate, ↑specific growth rate, and ↓feed conversion rate) and activities of intestinal digestive enzymes (amylase and lipase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase) in American eels. Additionally, Val-Cur significantly improved serum biochemical indices (↑high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ↓low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ↓aspartate and alanine aminotransferases). Furthermore, Val-Cur increased intestinal microbial diversity, reduced the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Spiroplasma, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas), and elevated the abundance of beneficial digestion-promoting bacteria (Romboutsia, Phyllobacterium, Romboutsia sedimentorum, and Clostridium butyricum) conducive to glucose metabolism (P < 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to explore water-soluble curcumin in aquaculture, and the findings will lay the groundwork for the potential application of water-soluble curcumin in the field of aquaculture.
Topics: Animals; Curcumin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anguilla; Antineoplastic Agents; Valine; Animal Feed; Diet; Humans; Dietary Supplements; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Staphylococcus aureus; Hep G2 Cells; Aeromonas hydrophila
PubMed: 38719095
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109615 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Jun 2024A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to elucidate the innate immune response of Charybdis japonica following exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila. This...
A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to elucidate the innate immune response of Charybdis japonica following exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila. This study integrated metabolomics, 16S rRNA sequencing, and enzymatic activity data to dissect the immune mechanisms activated in response to infection. Infection with A. hydrophila resulted in an increased abundance of beneficial intestinal genera such as Photobacterium spp., Rhodobacter spp., Polaribacter spp., Psychrilyobacter spp., and Mesoflavibacter spp. These probiotics appear to suppress A. hydrophila colonization by competitively dominating the intestinal microbiota. Key metabolic pathways affected included fatty acid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism, highlighting their role in the crab's intestinal response. Enzymatic analysis revealed a decrease in activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, which are essential for energy homeostasis and ATP production necessary for stress responses. Additionally, reductions were observed in the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. Gene expression analysis showed downregulation in Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), with concurrent increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating severe oxidative stress. This study provides insights into the molecular strategies employed by marine crabs to counteract bacterial invasions in their natural habitat.
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Animals; Immunity, Innate; Brachyura; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Metabolomics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota
PubMed: 38718732
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101240 -
Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam,... Jun 2024Excessive antibiotic use has led to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), impacting gut microbiota and host health. However, the effects of antibiotics on...
Metagenomic and transcriptomic analysis revealing the impact of oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin on gut microbiota and gene expression in the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus).
Excessive antibiotic use has led to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), impacting gut microbiota and host health. However, the effects of antibiotics on amphibian populations remain unclear. We investigated the impact of oxytetracycline (OTC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) on Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus), focusing on gut microbiota, ARGs, and gene expression by performing metagenome and transcriptome sequencing. A. davidianus were given OTC (20 or 40 mg/kg) or CIP (50 or 100 mg/kg) orally for 7 days. The results revealed that oral administration of OTC and CIP led to distinct changes in microbial composition and functional potential, with CIP treatment having a greater impact than OTC. Antibiotic treatment also influenced the abundance of ARGs, with an increase in fluoroquinolone and multi-drug resistance genes observed post-treatment. The construction of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) accurately validated that CIP intervention enriched fish-associated potential pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila carrying an increased number of ARGs. Additionally, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as phages and plasmids, were implicated in the dissemination of ARGs. Transcriptomic analysis of the gut revealed significant alterations in gene expression, particularly in immune-related pathways, with differential effects observed between OTC and CIP treatments. Integration of metagenomic and transcriptomic data highlighted potential correlations between gut gene expression and microbial composition, suggesting complex interactions between the host gut and its gut microbiota in response to antibiotic exposure. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the impact of antibiotic intervention on the gut microbiome and host health in amphibians, particularly in the context of antibiotic resistance and immune function.
Topics: Animals; Oxytetracycline; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Ciprofloxacin; Urodela; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Transcriptome; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Gene Expression Profiling; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Aeromonas hydrophila; Gene Expression Regulation
PubMed: 38718521
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106925 -
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease May 2024Both and cause an increasing number of diseases in fish, resulting in great economic losses in aquaculture. In addition, the disease infected with or exhibited the...
Both and cause an increasing number of diseases in fish, resulting in great economic losses in aquaculture. In addition, the disease infected with or exhibited the similar clinical symptoms in aquatic animals. However, there is no effective means for the simultaneous detection of co-infection and discrimination them for these two pathogens. Here, we developed a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on the outer membrane protein A () gene of and . The specificity and validity of the designed primers were confirmed experimentally using simplex PCR. The expected amplicons for and had a size of 663 and 1404 bp, respectively. The optimal condition for duplex PCR were determined to encompass a primer concentration of 0.5 μM and annealing temperature of 57°C. This method was analytical specific with no amplification being observed from the genomic DNA of , , , and . The limit of detection was estimated to be 20 fg of genomic DNA for and 200 fg for , or 100 colony-forming units (CFU) of bacterial cells in both cases. The duplex PCR was capable of simultaneously amplifying target fragments from genomic DNA extracted from the bacteria and fish liver. For practical validation of the method, 20 diseased fish were collected from farms, among which 4 samples were PCR-positive for and . The duplex PCR method developed here is time-saving, specific, convenient, and may prove to be an invaluable tool for molecular detection and epidemiological investigation of and in the field of aquaculture.
PubMed: 38708669
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0149 -
Journal of Fish Diseases May 2024In this issue, we established rapid, cost-effective, and simple detection methods including recombines polymerase amplification with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) and...
Development of real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and RPA combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assays for the rapid and sensitive detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3.
In this issue, we established rapid, cost-effective, and simple detection methods including recombines polymerase amplification with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) and real-time RPA for cyprinid herpesvirus 3(CyHV-3), and evaluated their sensitivity, specificity, and applicability, the real-time RPA method could achieve sensitive diagnosis of CyHV-3 within 1.3 copies per reaction, respectively. The real-time RPA method is 10-fold more sensitive than RPA-LFD method. The exact number of CyHV-3 can be calculated in each sample by real-time RPA. The sera from koi also can be tested in these methods. In addition, no cross-reaction was observed with other related pathogens, including carp oedema virus (CEV), spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), cyprinid herpesvirus 1(CyHV-1), cyprinid herpesvirus 2(CyHV-2), type I grass carp reovirus (GCRV-I), type II GCRV (GCRV-II), type III GCRV (GCRV-III), and Aeromonas hydrophila.
PubMed: 38708552
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13960 -
Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) May 2024Aeromonas is well-recognized for causing diarrhea and post-traumatic wound infections. The most common Aeromonas species include Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae,...
Aeromonas is well-recognized for causing diarrhea and post-traumatic wound infections. The most common Aeromonas species include Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas sobria. In cases of immunocompromise and malignancy, Aeromonas infections can prove fatal. Instances of deadly necrotizing fasciitis in the extremities due to Aeromonas infection have been documented. Herein, a case of previously unreported fatal retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis involving Aeromonas caviae in a patient with a history of gastric cancer is presented.
PubMed: 38700743
DOI: 10.1007/s00108-024-01716-0 -
Proteomics May 2024Aeromonas hydrophila, a prevalent pathogen in the aquaculture industry, poses significant challenges due to its drug-resistant strains. Moreover, residues of antibiotics...
Aeromonas hydrophila, a prevalent pathogen in the aquaculture industry, poses significant challenges due to its drug-resistant strains. Moreover, residues of antibiotics like streptomycin, extensively employed in aquaculture settings, drive selective bacterial evolution, leading to the progressive development of resistance to this agent. However, the underlying mechanism of its intrinsic adaptation to antibiotics remains elusive. Here, we employed a quantitative proteomics approach to investigate the differences in protein expression between A. hydrophila under streptomycin (SM) stress and nonstress conditions. Notably, bioinformatics analysis unveiled the potential involvement of metal pathways, including metal cluster binding, iron-sulfur cluster binding, and transition metal ion binding, in influencing A. hydrophila's resistance to SM. Furthermore, we evaluated the sensitivity of eight gene deletion strains related to streptomycin and observed the potential roles of petA and AHA_4705 in SM resistance. Collectively, our findings enhance the understanding of A. hydrophila's response behavior to streptomycin stress and shed light on its intrinsic adaptation mechanism.
PubMed: 38700048
DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300383 -
Microbial Ecology May 2024Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic motile pathogen with a broad host range, infecting both terrestrial and aquatic animals. Environmental and geographical...
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic motile pathogen with a broad host range, infecting both terrestrial and aquatic animals. Environmental and geographical conditions exert selective pressure on both geno- and phenotypes of pathogens. Flagellin, directly exposed to external environments and containing important immunogenic epitopes, may display significant variability in response to external conditions. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of ~ 150 A. hydrophila genomes, leading to the identification of six subunits of the flagellin gene (fla-1 to fla-4, flaA, and flaB). Individual strains harbored different composition of flagellin subunits and copies. The composition of subunits showed distinct patterns depending on environmental sources. Strains from aquatic environments were mainly comprised of fla-1 to fla-4 subunits, while terrestrial strains predominated in groups harboring flaA and flaB subunits. Each flagellin showed varying levels of expression, with flaA and flaB demonstrating significantly higher expression compared to others. One of the chemotaxis pathways that control flagellin movement through a two-component system was significantly upregulated in flaA(+ 1)/flaB(+ 1) group, whereas flaA and flaB showed different transcriptomic expressions. The genes positively correlated with flaA expression were relevant to biofilm formation and bacterial chemotaxis, but flaB showed a negative correlation with the genes in ABC transporters and quorum sensing pathway. However, the expression patterns of fla-2 to fla-4 were identical. This suggests various types of flagellin subunits may have different biological functions. The composition and expression levels of flagellin subunits could provide valuable insights into the adaptation of A. hydrophila and the differences among strains in response to various external environments.
Topics: Flagellin; Aeromonas hydrophila; Transcriptome; Phylogeography; Adaptation, Physiological; Phylogeny; Biofilms
PubMed: 38695873
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02373-4 -
International Journal of Systematic and... May 2024A novel Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium with antimicrobial activity, designated CFH 90308, was isolated from the sediment of a salt lake in Yuncheng, Shanxi,...
A novel Gram-staining-positive actinobacterium with antimicrobial activity, designated CFH 90308, was isolated from the sediment of a salt lake in Yuncheng, Shanxi, south-western China. The isolate exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to G72, NBRC 15708 and S3-E (98.5, 98.4 and 98.2 %, respectively), and formed a separate clade with S3-E in phylogenetic trees. The strain grew at 15-40 ºC, pH 6.0-8.0 and could tolerate NaCl up to a concentration of 15 % (w/v). The whole genome of strain CFH 90308 consisted of 4.33 Mbp and the DNA G+C content was 69.6 mol%. The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl and the whole-cell sugars were galactose and mannose. The cell-wall peptidoglycan mainly contained alanine, glycine and lysine. The menaquinones of strain CFH 90308 were MK-12, MK-13 and MK-11. Strain CFH 90308 contained anteiso-C, anteiso-C, iso-C and iso-C as the predominant fatty acids. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between CFH 90308 and the other species of the genus were found to be low (ANIb <81.3 %, dDDH <25.6 %). The secondary metabolite produced by strain CFH 90308 showed antibacterial activities against , , and methicillin-resistant . Based on genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic results, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is CFH 90308 (=DSM 105964=KCTC 49052).
Topics: Base Composition; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fatty Acids; DNA, Bacterial; China; Vitamin K 2; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Microbacterium; Geologic Sediments; Peptidoglycan; Lakes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Sodium Chloride; Genome, Bacterial
PubMed: 38695865
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006362 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024Infections in humans are mainly caused by , , and . In recent years, has been recognized as widely distributed in the environment, with strong virulence. However, this...
BACKGROUND
Infections in humans are mainly caused by , , and . In recent years, has been recognized as widely distributed in the environment, with strong virulence. However, this bacterial infection usually does not appear in patients with pneumonia as the first symptom.
CASE REPORT
We report a 26-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia as the first symptom and developed serious conditions such as hemolytic uremic syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction, and hemorrhagic shock within a short period. He died after 13 h of admission, and the subsequent metagenomic-next generation sequencing test confirmed the finally identified pathogen of infection as .
CONCLUSION
is a rare pathogen identified in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Hence, doctors need to develop their experience in identifying the difference between infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Medical attention is essential during the occurrence of respiratory symptoms that could be controlled by empirical drugs, such as cephalosporins or quinolones. When patients with community-acquired pneumonia present hemoptysis and multiple organ dysfunction in clinical treatment, an unusual pathogen infection should be considered, and the underlying etiology should be clarified at the earliest for timely treatment.
PubMed: 38695019
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1289338