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Current Diabetes Reviews May 2024Plants are used in medicine because they are low-cost, widely available, and have few side effects (compared to pharmacological treatment). Plants have phytocompounds...
BACKGROUND
Plants are used in medicine because they are low-cost, widely available, and have few side effects (compared to pharmacological treatment). Plants have phytocompounds with antidiabetic properties that can be delivered using nanoparticles (NPs).
OBJECTIVE
To describe the antidiabetic properties of green synthesized NPs (GSNPs) and their characterization methods.
METHODS
Three databases were searched using the terms "type 2 diabetes mellitus," "antidiabetic effects," "phytochemicals," "plants," and "nanoparticles." Studies describing the antidiabetic effects (in vitro or animal models) of NPs synthesized by plant extracts and characterizing them through UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DLS were included.
RESULTS
16 studies were included. In vitro studies reported enzyme inhibition values between 11% (H. polyrhizus) and 100% (A. concinna) for alfa-amylase and between 41.1% (M. zapota) and 100% (A. concinna) for alfa-glucosidase. Animal studies with Wistar Albino rats having diabetes (induced by alloxan or streptozotocin) reported improved blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL after treatment with GSNPs. Regarding characterization, NP sizes were measured with DLS (25-181.5 nm), SEM (52.1-91 nm), and TEM (8.7-40.6 nm). The surface charge was analyzed with zeta potential (-30.7 to -2.9 mV). UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to confirm the formations of AgNPs (360-460 nm), AuNPs (524-540 nm), and ZnONPs (300-400 nm), and FTIR was used to identify plant extract functional groups.
CONCLUSIONS
GSNP characterization (shape, size, zeta potential, and others) is essential to know the viability and stability, which are important to achieve health benefits for biomedical applications. Studies reported good enzyme inhibition percentages in in vitro studies, decreasing blood glucose levels and improving lipid profiles in animal models with diabetes. However, these studies had limitations in the methodology and potential risk of bias, so results need careful interpretation.
PubMed: 38778591
DOI: 10.2174/0115733998306451240425135229 -
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical... Mar 2024The present study was designed to assess Tradescantia spathacea's antidiabetic ability, as well as the antiulcer activity of the entire plant extract. The diabetic...
The present study was designed to assess Tradescantia spathacea's antidiabetic ability, as well as the antiulcer activity of the entire plant extract. The diabetic condition was evaluated using Streptozotocin's oral glucose tolerance test, diabetes-alloxan and diabetes-models. Antiulcer activities were observed in rats where gastric ulcers were either caused by oral administration of ethanol, or pyloric ligation. Standards include ranitidine, glibenclamide and sucralfate. In all models, the blood glucose levels of animals treated with the test extract were found to be significantly lower compared to diabetic care. Similarly, in all models, the ulcer index in the animals treated with the test extract was found to be significantly lower relative to the animals under vehicle supervision. Our findings say T. Spathacea extract has essential anti-diabetic properties, as well as antiulcer properties.
Topics: Animals; Hypoglycemic Agents; Plant Extracts; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Stomach Ulcer; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Blood Glucose; Methanol; Glucose Tolerance Test; Solvents; Phytotherapy
PubMed: 38767098
DOI: No ID Found -
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical... Mar 2024Long-lasting hyperglycemia can potentially cause damage to organs such as the kidneys, liver and pancreas. Glimepiride (GLIM), as a drug of choice in the treatment of...
Long-lasting hyperglycemia can potentially cause damage to organs such as the kidneys, liver and pancreas. Glimepiride (GLIM), as a drug of choice in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), has the risk of decreasing the functioning of organs such as the kidneys, liver and pancreas. Black rice bran ethanol extract (EEBRB) with antioxidant content has been shown to protect the kidney, liver and pancreas organs. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of EEBRB on lowering fasting blood glucose (FBG) and protecting several organs after GLIM administration in alloxan (ALX)-induced hyperglycemic rats. A total of 20 rats were divided into 4 groups and treated for 21 days treatments using following preparations: normal control (NC), diabetic group (DC), GLIM 1 mg/ kgBW and combination of glimepiride 1mg/kgBW and EEBRB 50 mg/KgBW (GLBR). The results showed that the GLBR was able to lower blood glucose levels back to normal (<126 mg/dL) and protect kidney, liver and pancreas cells by increasing the amount in normal cells.
Topics: Animals; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Plant Extracts; Kidney; Blood Glucose; Oryza; Liver; Hypoglycemic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Pancreas; Male; Rats; Ethanol; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 38767097
DOI: No ID Found -
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ :... Jun 2024Oxidative stress accumulation becomes a pathophysiological factor in diabetic neuropathy (DN), activating TRPV-1. Resveratrol in cocoa pod husk exhibits antioxidant...
Oxidative stress accumulation becomes a pathophysiological factor in diabetic neuropathy (DN), activating TRPV-1. Resveratrol in cocoa pod husk exhibits antioxidant activity that could be beneficial in DN. This study examined how the ethanol extract of cocoa pod husk (EECPH) affects DN in mice by targeting TRPV-1. Cocoa pod husk was extracted using 96 % ethanol with remaceration. The antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH. Mice were induced using alloxan 210 mg/kg BW i.p. At day 14, mice were randomized into seven groups: normal, diabetic, gabapentin 100 mg/kg BW, metformin 250 mg/kg BW, and EECPH (doses 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg BW). Treatments were administered orally, once daily for 14 days. The latency time and blood glucose levels were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. On day 29, mice were sacrificed, and the blood, pancreas, and spinal cord were removed. Malondialdehyde, cholesterol, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic/pyruvic transaminase (SGOT/PT) were examined. Morphology of the spinal cord and pancreas was determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of TRPV-1 was assessed using immunohistochemistry. he EECPH dose of 750 mg/kg BW showed the greatest effect in lowering hyperalgesia and blood glucose as well as cholesterol and SGOT/PT in mice. That dose also improved the histology of the pancreas and spinal cord by altering the expression of TRPV-1. It can be concluded that EECPH may lower the expression of TRPV-1 in the pancreas and spinal cord of mice. This activity was responsible of reducing hyperalgesia in DN mice.
PubMed: 38746850
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102097 -
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical... Jan 2024Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive phytoconstituents which can serve as new therapeutic agents for several diseases. This study examines the...
Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive phytoconstituents which can serve as new therapeutic agents for several diseases. This study examines the antidiabetic potential of Aitchisonia rosea in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and identifies its bioactive phytoconstituents using GC-MS. In vitro, antidiabetic potential was established using the α-amylase inhibition assay. In vivo, antidiabetic potential was investigated by employing the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). GC-MS analysis was used to identify the bioactive phytoconstituents. The in vitro and in vivo tests showed that the aqueous extract of A. rosea possesses better antidiabetic potential. The α-amylase inhibition assay highlighted an IC value of 134.87µg/ml. In an oral glucose tolerance test, rats given an aqueous A. rosea extract significantly lowered their blood sugar levels significant reduction in the blood glucose concentration was observed in the oral glucose tolerance test in rats treated with the aqueous A. rosea extract. GC-MS investigation revealed many phytoconstituents, with serverogenin acetate and cycloheptasiloxane tetradecamethyl being important antidiabetic agents. This study found anti-diabetic properties in A. rosea extract. The phytochemical and GC-MS investigation also found serverogenin acetate and cycloheptasiloxane tetradecamethyl, which could be used to develop new antidiabetic drugs.
Topics: Animals; Hypoglycemic Agents; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Plant Extracts; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Plant Components, Aerial; Male; Blood Glucose; Rats; Glucose Tolerance Test; alpha-Amylases; Rats, Wistar; Phytochemicals; Alloxan
PubMed: 38741413
DOI: No ID Found -
Forensic Science International Jul 2024Most recommended methods for visualising fingermarks on paper rely on chemical developers that target and react with amino acids. Traditionally, these developers are...
Most recommended methods for visualising fingermarks on paper rely on chemical developers that target and react with amino acids. Traditionally, these developers are sprayed onto paper substrates in solutions of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), but now those same PFAS chemicals are undergoing phaseout or phasedown, which threatens to undermine forensic capabilities. This situation provides an opportunity to pivot towards greener approaches to fingermark visualisation. The ideal methodology would be a water-based treatment, as these provide superior safety for practitioners, combined with environmental sustainability. A major hurdle to implementing a water-based fingermark developer targeting amino acids is that water, as a universal solvent, can dissolve the eccrine components in fingermarks, as well as any optical or luminescent dyes that are created, causing the ridge detail to run or dissolve. This work circumvents this problem by delivering the amino acid developer alloxan in a hydrogel, which enables sharp fingermark ridge details to be observed despite it being a water-based treatment. Alloxan dissolved in a viscous hydrogel is shown here to react with the amino acids in fingerprint residues to form the coloured dye murexide, supported by optimisation and characterisation studies.
Topics: Dermatoglyphics; Humans; Hydrogels; Amino Acids; Water; Coloring Agents; Solvents
PubMed: 38703405
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112045 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024The present study predicts the molecular targets and druglike properties of the phyto-compound piperine (PIP) by in silico studies including molecular docking...
The present study predicts the molecular targets and druglike properties of the phyto-compound piperine (PIP) by in silico studies including molecular docking simulation, druglikeness prediction and ADME analysis for prospective therapeutic benefits against diabetic complications. PIP was encapsulated in biodegradable polymer poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) to form nanopiperine (NPIP) and their physico-chemical properties were characterized by AFM and DLS. ∼ 30 nm sized NPIP showed 86.68% encapsulation efficiency and - 6 mV zeta potential, demonstrated great interactive stability and binding with CT-DNA displaying upsurge in molar ellipticity during CD spectroscopy. NPIP lowered glucose levels in peripheral circulation by > 65 mg/dL compared to disease model and improved glucose influx in alloxan-induced in vivo and in vitro diabetes models concerted with 3-folds decrease in ROS production, ROS-induced DNA damage and 27.24% decrease in nuclear condensation. The 25% increase in % cell viability and inhibition in chromosome aberration justified the initiation of p53 and PARP DNA repairing protein expression and maintenance of Hsp90. Thus, the experimental study corroborated well with in silico predictions of modulating the p53/PARP-1/Hsp90 axis, with predicted dock score value of - 8.72, - 8.57, - 8.76 kcal/mol respectively, validated docking-based preventive approaches for unravelling the intricacies of molecular signalling and nano-drug efficacy as therapeutics for diabetics.
Topics: Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; Animals; Piperidines; Benzodioxoles; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Molecular Docking Simulation; Hyperglycemia; Alkaloids; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Alloxan; Rats; Humans; Male; Reactive Oxygen Species; Mice; Nanoparticles; DNA Damage
PubMed: 38664520
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60208-1 -
Behavioural Brain Research Jun 2024The present study aimed to investigate the effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) on behavioral and oxidative stress parameters in the brain and serum of mice...
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) on behavioral and oxidative stress parameters in the brain and serum of mice submitted to the animal model of hyperglycemia induced by alloxan, mimicking the main symptom of diabetes mellitus (DM). Adults C57BL/6 male and female mice received an injection of alloxan, and ten days later, the animals were submitted to the PSD for 36 h. The animals' behavioral parameters were evaluated in the open-field test. Oxidative stress parameters [Diacetyldichlorofluorescein (DCF), Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione] were assessed in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and serum. The PSD increased the male and female mice locomotion, but the alloxan's pre-administration prevented the PSD-induced hyperactivity. In addition, the male mice receiving alloxan and submitted to the PSD had elevated latency time in the first quadrant and the number of fecal boli, demonstrating increased anxiety-like behavior. The HPA-axis was hyperactivating in male and female mice pre-administered alloxan and/or PSD-submitted animals. The oxidative stress parameters were also increased in the serum of the animals administered alloxan and/or sleep-deprived mice. Despite alloxan or PSD leading to behavioral or biochemical alterations, the one did not potentiate the other in mice. However, more studies are necessary to identify the link between sleep and hyperglycemia.
Topics: Animals; Sleep Deprivation; Male; Oxidative Stress; Female; Hyperglycemia; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Alloxan; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Superoxide Dismutase; Glutathione
PubMed: 38657839
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115008 -
Georgian Medical News Feb 2024Objective - to study the Cardioprotective effect of Glycyrriza glabra ethanolic extract and Glycyrrhiza glabra Silver nanoparticle against alloxan and...
Objective - to study the Cardioprotective effect of Glycyrriza glabra ethanolic extract and Glycyrrhiza glabra Silver nanoparticle against alloxan and nicotinamide-induced diabetic cardiac injury in adult female Rats. The current study was performed on 36 days in which the G. glabra extract and G. glabra extract loaded on Silver nanoparticles were given to alloxan and nicotinamide-induced diabetic cardiac injured rats. The Cardioprotective effect has been evaluated biochemically. The results of induction of diabetic cardiac injury for 36 days showed a significantly increased (P˂0.05) serum Cardiac Troponin I (cTn-I) and Creatine Kinase (CK-MB) concentration in the diabetic cardiac injury induced (G2) group when compared with the control group (G1), and showed a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the serum cTn-I and CK-MB concentration in (G3) group (received G. glabra extract) and (G4) group (G.glabra loaded on silver nanoparticle) in comparison with G2. This study concluded that Glycyrriza glabra extract and Glycyrrhiza glabra Silver nanoparticle have a significant Cardioprotective effect induced by alloxan and nicotinamide.
Topics: Animals; Alloxan; Metal Nanoparticles; Silver; Glycyrrhiza; Niacinamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38609134
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus Mar 2024Background Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by oxidative stress and impaired glycemic control. This study investigates the therapeutic...
Background Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by oxidative stress and impaired glycemic control. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of and diets in diabetic Wistar rats and assesses their impact on oxidative stress markers and blood glucose levels. Methods In this experiment, eight groups of six male Wistar rats (n = 12.5%), aged 8 to 12 weeks, were carefully set up to see how different treatments for diabetes and oxidative stress affected the two conditions. The random selection process was implemented to minimize any potential bias and ensure that the results of the study would be representative of the general population of Wistar rats. The groups were as follows: a nondiabetic control group (NDC) served as the baseline, while diabetes was induced in the alloxan monohydrate group (150 mg/kg). Another group was given the standard drug metformin (M, 100 mg/kg), and two control groups that did not have diabetes were given extracts of (TC, 340 mg/kg) and (CS, 200 mg/kg). Three groups of diabetic rats were given a mix of these treatments. and extracts were given at set doses (TC, 340 mg/kg; CS, 200 mg/kg), along with 150 mg/kg of a drug that causes diabetes. Over a 21-day period, oxidative stress parameters such as glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GSHrd) levels, and blood glucose were carefully measured to check for signs of oxidative stress and diabetes progression Results Considerable differences in GSH levels were noted across the groups, with the highest GSH concentration found in the group treated with the inducing drug, while the lowest GSH levels were observed in the diabetic group that was administered both and C (p < 0.001). MDA levels also varied, with the diabetic group treated with having the highest MDA concentration (3.54 ± 0.29 μmol/L) and the nondiabetic control group treated with exhibiting the lowest MDA levels (1.66 ± 0.08 μmol/L; p < 0.001). SOD activity was highest in the standard drug group and lowest in the diabetic group treated with . GSH activity was notably higher in the diabetic groups that received dietary interventions (p < 0.001). Blood glucose levels showed diverse responses, with the standard drug group experiencing a substantial reduction, while the inducing drug group exhibited a consistent increase. Conclusion The study highlights the significant impact of dietary interventions with and on oxidative stress markers and blood glucose regulation in diabetic Wistar rats. These findings suggest a potential role for these dietary components in mitigating oxidative stress and improving glycemic control in diabetes, although further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.
PubMed: 38606255
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55985