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The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Apr 2024To elucidate the factors that determine the success of direct pulp capping (DPC) in permanent teeth with pulp exposure due to dental caries.
AIM
To elucidate the factors that determine the success of direct pulp capping (DPC) in permanent teeth with pulp exposure due to dental caries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive electronic search from 1980 to 2023 across PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web databases was conducted using specific keywords and MeSH terms in Q1 or Q2 journals. Only prospective/retrospective clinical studies in English on 15 or more human permanent teeth with carious pulpal exposure treated with DPC agents-mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, or calcium hydroxide with a rubber dam and minimum 1-year follow-up, were considered. The factors retrieved and analyzed were based on study design, patient age, sample size, type of cavity, exposure size and location, pulp diagnosis, solutions to achieve hemostasis, hemostasis time, capping material, restoration type, follow-up period, methods of evaluation, and overall success.
REVIEW RESULTS
Out of 680 articles, only 16 articles were selected for the present systematic review on application of the selection criteria. A wide age range of patients from 6 to 88 years were considered among these studies with sample sizes ranging from 15 to 245 teeth with reversible pulpitis being the predominant diagnosis of the cases. Mineral trioxide aggregate as a capping material was evaluated in 4 studies as a lone agent, while compared with other capping agents such as biodentine or calcium hydroxide in 7 studies. The follow-up period ranged from 9 days to nearly 80 months. While both clinical and radiographic evaluation was carried out in all studies, cold testing dominated the clinical tests while IOPR was the common radiograph considered. Mineral trioxide aggregate success rate was higher and similar to biodentine than calcium hydroxide.
CONCLUSION
Direct pulp capping has a high and predictable success rate in permanent teeth with carious exposure to reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Currently, mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine have better long-term results in DPC than calcium hydroxide, hence, they should be used as an alternative to calcium hydroxide. Definitive restoration within a short period improves long-term prognosis.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The significance of this review lies in its provision of evidence-based information on the effectiveness of DPC and the factors that influence its success. By considering these factors, clinicians can optimize treatment outcomes and improve the long-term prognosis of the treated teeth. This systematic review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers in the field of endodontics. How to cite this article: Gomez-Sosa JF, Granone-Ricella M, Rosciano-Alvarez M, . Determining Factors in the Success of Direct Pulp Capping: A Systematic Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):392-401.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Caries; Calcium Compounds; Silicates; Calcium Hydroxide; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; Oxides; Aluminum Compounds; Drug Combinations; Treatment Outcome; Dental Pulp Exposure
PubMed: 38956856
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3673 -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Apr 2024This investigation aimed to observe the effects of Dycal, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and TheraCal LC, as indirect pulp-capping materials in primary molars. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
AIM
This investigation aimed to observe the effects of Dycal, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and TheraCal LC, as indirect pulp-capping materials in primary molars.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
About 75 children with lower primary molars aged between 4 and 7 years suggested for IPC were selected and randomly allocated into: Group I - Dycal, group II - MTA, and group III - TheraCal LC. An immediate postoperative radiograph was taken after the procedure. Recall examination was done after 3 and 6 months for clinical and radiographic assessment. The radiographs were digitized, and the amount of thickness of dentin was assessed using Corel Draw software. The values were tabulated and subjected to paired -tests and independent -tests for intra and intergroup analysis, respectively. The value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant increase in dentin thickness in the first 3 months compared to the 6-month follow-up. At the end of the research phase, TheraCal LC had more tertiary dentin deposited than MTA, followed by Dycal.
CONCLUSION
TheraCal LC can be a reliable indirect pulp-capping agent in primary teeth.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Indirect pulp capping (IPC) is a very extensively employed treatment regimen to manage extensive caries. For many decades, calcium hydroxide has been regarded as the benchmark of pulp capping materials. With several advancements in materials for restoration, TheraCal LC a resin-modified, light-cured calcium silicate-filled liner serves as a pulp-capping agent and dentin protector, promoting pulp healing and preserving vitality as an obstacle cum protector of the dental pulp complex. How to cite this article: Thomas NA, Jobe J, Thimmaiah C, . Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxide, MTA, and TheraCal LC in Indirect Pulp Capping in Primary Molars: Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):365-371.
Topics: Humans; Calcium Compounds; Aluminum Compounds; Drug Combinations; Silicates; Dental Pulp Capping; Tooth, Deciduous; Oxides; Child; Calcium Hydroxide; Molar; Child, Preschool; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; Male; Female; Minerals
PubMed: 38956853
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3680 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jul 2024A sustainable future, concerning the energy transformation of a country, heavily relies on the availability of energy resources, particularly renewables such as solar,...
A sustainable future, concerning the energy transformation of a country, heavily relies on the availability of energy resources, particularly renewables such as solar, wind, hydropower, and clean hydrogen. Among these, hydrogen is the most promising energy source due to its high calorific value, ranging between 120 and 140 MJ/kg. It has the potential to lead the market in various industries such as power generation, steel, chemical, petrochemical, and automotive. Significant research has been going on in hydrogen production technologies to reduce costs and improve competitiveness with fossil fuels. One such potential approach includes the use of metal-water reactions, which offer unique opportunities for producing clean hydrogen and other valuable byproducts. However, the quantity of hydrogen produced varies depending on the metal feedstock, type of electrolyte, and the activator or catalyst, used in combination with water. This latest work discusses recent progress on hydrogen production and the effects of variations in different parameters on the process, with a focus on aluminum (Al)-water reactions. Investigations have been conducted and reported on the effect of various activators with different concentrations, the quantity of aluminum scrap feedstock, and the volume of the electrolyte on the kinetics of the metal-water reactions and hydrogen production. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was observed to be more effective than potassium hydroxide (KOH) in promoting metal-water reactions. These activator-assisted metal-water reactions help produce clean hydrogen, along with other value-added products such as hydroxides. This work clearly sheds light on the potential utilization of industrial aluminum scrap as feedstock for producing clean hydrogen.
PubMed: 38954333
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34099-8 -
Calcified Tissue International Jul 2024This systematic review was performed to understand better the myriad presentations, various therapeutic options, response to therapy, and its clinical outcomes in... (Review)
Review
This systematic review was performed to understand better the myriad presentations, various therapeutic options, response to therapy, and its clinical outcomes in hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis (HTC). Full texts were selected according to strict inclusion criteria. All case reports of HTC wherein baseline phosphate was measured, treatment offered was mentioned, and information on follow-up and response to therapy that were available were included. A total of 43 of 188 eligible studies (N = 63 patients) met the inclusion criteria. A list of desired data was extracted and graded for methodological quality. A total of 63 individuals (Males = 33) were included from the 43 eligible case studies. The median age of the patients was 18 (IQR 8-32) years. The most frequently involved sites were the hip/gluteal region (34/63; 53.9%) followed by the elbow/forearm (26/63; 41.2%), and the shoulder (18/63; 28.5%). Three patients had conjunctival calcific deposits. The mean (SD) phosphate was 6.9 (1.1) mg/dL. Among the subjects, 36/63 (57.1%) underwent surgical excision with some form of medical therapy. Two patients underwent only surgical excision (2.1%). One patient was maintained on follow-up (1.6%) and 24/63 (38.1%) patients were treated with medical measures. The median (IQR) follow-up duration was 3 (1-9) years. Regression or reduction in lesion size was reported in 19/63 (30.2%) subjects; 20/63 (31.7%) showed progression, 24/63 (38.1%) had features of stable disease, and mortality was reported in 3 patients (4.7%). We report for the first time a detailed description of the clinical and therapeutic response of HTC. A combination of medical measures aimed at lowering serum phosphate appears to be the cornerstone of treatment, although clinical responses may vary.
PubMed: 38951179
DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01247-8 -
IScience Jun 2024While photocatalytic technology has brought additional opportunities and possibilities for the green conversion and sustainable development of ammonium-based nitrogen...
While photocatalytic technology has brought additional opportunities and possibilities for the green conversion and sustainable development of ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizers, the low activation efficiency of the molecular N has impeded its further application feasibility. Here to address the concern, we designed an amorphous molybdenum hydroxide anchored on the ultrathin magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (Mo@MgAl-LDH) nanosheets for benefiting the N photofixation to NH. With the aid of the designed amorphous Mo(V) species, the pristine MgAl-LDH exhibited a considerable performance of nitrogen photofixation under visible light irradiation (NH production rate of 114.4 μmol g h) due to the improved N activation efficiency. The work demonstrated a feasible strategy for nitrogen photofixation using amorphous Mo(V) species, which may also deliver a novel inspiration for the development of amorphous photocatalysts toward the photoactivation of molecular N.
PubMed: 38947498
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110088 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2024Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste discharged from the alumina industry, and its high sodium content is the key factor limiting its wide utilization. Therefore,...
Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste discharged from the alumina industry, and its high sodium content is the key factor limiting its wide utilization. Therefore, effective control of the "frosting" phenomenon during the application of red mud has received significant attention. In this study, the changes of particle size, phase, morphology, and pore size of red mud after sodium removal with different amounts of citric acid pretreatment were investigated. The single-factor experiment shows that the Na leaching rate is 86.33% under a citric acid dosage of 15%, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7 mL/g, leaching temperature of 80 °C, stirring speed of 300 rpm, and leaching time of 10 min. The leachate is characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The results reveal that Na mainly exists in a combined state in the form of cancrinite. With the increase of citric acid dosage, red mud agglomerates, calcite, and cancrinite are dissolved, and new phases such as calcium oxalate and magnesium aluminum hydroxide are formed. The specific surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter show irregular changes with the increase in the citric acid dosage. Citric acid pretreatment can effectively reduce the sodium content in red mud, the treatment cost of leaching solution is low, and the leaching residue is neutral, which is helpful to promote the practical application of red mud.
PubMed: 38937355
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33850-5 -
Vaccines Jun 2024Particulate aluminum salts have long occupied a central place worldwide as inexpensive immunostimulatory adjuvants that enable induction of protective immunity for...
Particulate aluminum salts have long occupied a central place worldwide as inexpensive immunostimulatory adjuvants that enable induction of protective immunity for vaccines. Despite their huge benefits and safety, the particulate structures of aluminum salts require transportation and storage at temperatures between 2 °C and 8 °C, and they all have exquisite sensitivity to damage caused by freezing. Here, we propose to solve the critical freezing vulnerability of particulate aluminum salt adjuvants by introducing soluble aluminum salts as adjuvants. The solubility properties of fresh and frozen aluminum chloride and aluminum triacetate, each buffered optimally with sodium acetate, were demonstrated with visual observations and with UV-vis scattering analyses. Two proteins, A244 gp120 and CRM, adjuvanted either with soluble aluminum chloride or soluble aluminum triacetate, each buffered by sodium acetate at pH 6.5-7.4, elicited murine immune responses that were equivalent to those obtained with Alhydrogel, a commercial particulate aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. The discovery of the adjuvanticity of soluble aluminum salts might require the creation of a new adjuvant mechanism for aluminum salts in general. However, soluble aluminum salts might provide a practical substitute for particulate aluminum salts as vaccine adjuvants, thereby avoiding the risk of inactivation of vaccines due to accidental freezing of aluminum salt particles.
PubMed: 38932410
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060681 -
Vaccines May 2024An incomplete Freund's adjuvant elicited an overt pathogenesis in vaccinated mice following the intranasal challenge of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) virus despite the...
An incomplete Freund's adjuvant elicited an overt pathogenesis in vaccinated mice following the intranasal challenge of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) virus despite the induction of a higher specific antibody titer than other adjuvanted formulations. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvants have not induced any pathogenic signs in a variety of formulations with glycolipids. A glycolipid, α-galactosyl ceramide, improved a stimulatory effect of distinct adjuvanted formulations on an anti-influenza A antibody response. In contrast to α-galactosyl ceramide, its synthetic analogue C34 was antagonistic toward a stimulatory effect of an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on a specific antibody response. The aluminum hydroxide adjuvant alone could confer complete vaccine-induced protection against mortality as well as morbidity caused by a lethal challenge of the same strain of an influenza A virus. The research results indicated that adjuvants could reshape immune responses either to improve vaccine-induced immunity or to provoke an unexpected pathogenic consequence. On the basis of these observations, this research connotes the prominence to develop a precision adjuvant for innocuous vaccination aimed at generating a protective immunity without aberrant responses.
PubMed: 38932298
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060569 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Cobalt-aluminum-layered double hydroxides containing carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin (CMβCD) were synthesized by coprecipitation and evaluated as a cobalt source for the...
Cobalt-aluminum-layered double hydroxides containing carboxymethyl β-cyclodextrin (CMβCD) were synthesized by coprecipitation and evaluated as a cobalt source for the 4-nitrophenol reduction in an aqueous medium. Several physicochemical techniques (XRD, FTIR, TGA) indicated the intercalation of the anionic cyclodextrin without damages to the hydrotalcite-type structure. These lamellar cobalt-aluminum hybrid materials (CoAl_CMβCD) were evaluated in the 4-nitrophenol reduction and showed higher activities in comparison with the CMβCD-free standard material (CoAl_CO). To rationalize these results, a set of experimental controls going from physical mixtures of CoAl_CO with different cyclodextrins to other cobalt-based materials were investigated, highlighting the beneficial effects of both the layered double hydroxide and CMβCD-based hybrid structures. CMβCD also showed a beneficial effect as an additive during the 4-nitrophenol reduction. CoAl_CO, dispersed in a fresh CMβCD solution could be re-used for five successive cycles without the loss of activity.
Topics: Nitrophenols; Cobalt; beta-Cyclodextrins; Hydroxides; Oxidation-Reduction; Catalysis; X-Ray Diffraction; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38928099
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126390 -
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Jun 2024To explore the effects of iris xanthin on airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and the high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear...
OBJECTIVES
To explore the effects of iris xanthin on airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and the high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in asthmatic young mice.
METHODS
Sixty male BALB/c young mice were randomly assigned into six groups: a blank group, a model group, a dexamethasone group, and low, medium, and high dose groups of iris xanthin, with ten mice per group. Asthma models were induced through intraperitoneal injections of a sensitizing agent [ovalbumin (OVA) 20 μg + aluminum hydroxide gel 2 mg], followed by 4% OVA aerosol inhalation. Lung function was measured using a pulmonary function tester to determine lung volume (LV), resting ventilation per minute (VE), and airway reactivity (Penh value). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to examine and analyze airway remodeling. The contents of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were quantified using ELISA. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to assess the expression of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway-related mRNA and proteins in lung tissues.
RESULTS
Compared to the model group, the dexamethasone and iris xanthin-treated groups (low, medium, and high doses) exhibited significant increases in LV and VE (<0.05), with incremental dose-dependent increases observed in the iris xanthin groups. Additionally, Penh values, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and airway remodeling indicators, along with mRNA levels of HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-κB p65 and protein levels of HMGB1, TLR4, and p-NF-κB p65, were all reduced (<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. When compared to the dexamethasone group, the low and medium dose iris xanthin groups showed decreases in LV and VE (<0.05), whereas Penh values, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and airway remodeling indicators, along with mRNA levels of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB p65 and protein levels of HMGB1, TLR4, and p-NF-κB p65, were increased (<0.05). No significant differences were noted in these indices between the high dose iris xanthin group and the dexamethasone group (>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Iris xanthin can effectively alleviates airway inflammation and inhibits airway remodeling in asthmatic young mice, possibly through the suppression of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
Topics: Animals; Airway Remodeling; Asthma; Male; Mice; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Mice, Inbred BALB C; HMGB1 Protein; NF-kappa B; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38926382
DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2312023