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Archives of Microbiology Jun 2024Ten strains of psychrotolerant methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from the samples collected in Larsemann and Bunger Hills (Antarctica). Most of the isolates are...
Ten strains of psychrotolerant methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from the samples collected in Larsemann and Bunger Hills (Antarctica). Most of the isolates are assigned to the genus Pseudomonas, representatives of the genera Janthinobacterium, Massilia, Methylotenera and Flavobacterium were also found. Majority of isolates were able to grow on a wide range of sugars, methylamines and other substrates. Optimal growth temperatures for the isolated strains varied from 6 °C to 28 °C. The optimal concentration of NaCl was 0.5-2.0%. The optimal pH values of the medium were 6-7. It was found that three strains synthesized indole-3-acetic acid on a medium with L-tryptophan reaching 11-12 μg/ml. The values of intracellular carbohydrates in several strains exceeded 50 μg/ml. Presence of calcium-dependent and lanthanum-dependent methanol dehydrogenase have been shown for some isolates. Strains xBan7, xBan20, xBan37, xBan49, xPrg27, xPrg48, xPrg51 showed the presence of free amino acids. Bioprospection of Earth cryosphere for such microorganisms has a potential in biotechnology.
Topics: Antarctic Regions; Biotechnology; Phylogeny; Indoleacetic Acids; Methylobacteriaceae; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Cold Temperature; Sodium Chloride; Culture Media; Tryptophan
PubMed: 38907777
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04056-7 -
Environment International Jun 2024PFAS are ubiquitous industrial chemicals with known adverse health effects, particularly on the liver. The liver, being a vital metabolic organ, is susceptible to...
PFAS are ubiquitous industrial chemicals with known adverse health effects, particularly on the liver. The liver, being a vital metabolic organ, is susceptible to PFAS-induced metabolic dysregulation, leading to conditions such as hepatotoxicity and metabolic disturbances. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and metabolic responses of PFAS exposure using two hepatocyte models, HepG2 (male cell line) and HepaRG (female cell line), aiming to define phenotypic alterations, and metabolic disturbances at the metabolite and pathway levels. The PFAS mixture composition was selected based on epidemiological data, covering a broad concentration spectrum observed in diverse human populations. Phenotypic profiling by Cell Painting assay disclosed predominant effects of PFAS exposure on mitochondrial structure and function in both cell models as well as effects on F-actin, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane-associated measures. We employed comprehensive metabolic characterization using liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We observed dose-dependent changes in the metabolic profiles, particularly in lipid, steroid, amino acid and sugar and carbohydrate metabolism in both cells as well as in cell media, with HepaRG cell line showing a stronger metabolic response. In cells, most of the bile acids, acylcarnitines and free fatty acids showed downregulation, while medium-chain fatty acids and carnosine were upregulated, while the cell media showed different response especially in relation to the bile acids in HepaRG cell media. Importantly, we observed also nonmonotonic response for several phenotypic features and metabolites. On the pathway level, PFAS exposure was also associated with pathways indicating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Taken together, our findings on PFAS-induced phenotypic and metabolic disruptions in hepatocytes shed light on potential mechanisms contributing to the broader comprehension of PFAS-related health risks.
PubMed: 38906088
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108820 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Jun 2024Antibiotic substitutes have become a research focus due to restrictions on antibiotic usage. Among the antibiotic substitutes on the market, probiotics have been...
Antibiotic substitutes have become a research focus due to restrictions on antibiotic usage. Among the antibiotic substitutes on the market, probiotics have been extensively researched and used. However, the mechanism by which probiotics replace antibiotics remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate this mechanism by comparing the effects of probiotics and antibiotics on broiler growth performance and intestinal microbiota composition. Results shown that both probiotics and antibiotics increased daily weight gain and reduced feed conversion rate in broilers. Analysis of ileum and cecum microorganisms via 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that both interventions decreased intestinal microbial diversity. Moreover, the abundance of Bacteroides increased in the mature ileum, while that of Erysipelatoclostridium decreased in the cecum in response to both probiotics and antibiotics. The main metabolites of probiotics and antibiotics in the intestine were found to be organic acids, amino acids, and sugars, which might play comparable roles in growth performance. Furthermore, disaccharides and trisaccharides may be essential components in the ileum that enable probiotics to replace antibiotics. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying the use of probiotics as antibiotic substitutes in broiler breeding.
PubMed: 38904896
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10304-5 -
Water Research Jun 2024The quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported from source areas are closely related to hydrological linkage between source areas and streams, that...
The quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported from source areas are closely related to hydrological linkage between source areas and streams, that is hydrological connectivity. However, understanding of how hydrological connectivity regulates the export of catchment DOM components remains inadequate. In this study, high-frequency monitoring of groundwater and runoff from subtropical humid catchment was conducted for 20 months, and hydrological connectivity was quantitatively characterized by considering both surface and subsurface hydrological processes. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was utilized to investigate the DOM molecular composition. Results showed that over half of the areas in the catchment could not persistently establish hydrological connectivity with the stream during the rainfall. The average proportion of lignin was the highest in DOM components, followed by tannin and proteins. Additionally, both modified aromaticity index and double bond equivalence reached maximums at peak discharge, reflecting terrestrial materials could increase DOM aromaticity and unsaturated degree. Partial least square-structural equation modeling revealed significantly direct effects of rainfall, antecedent conditions, and hydrological connectivity on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export. Furthermore, nonlinear relationships were observed between hydrological connectivity and DOC, tannin, and condensed aromatics. Specifically, the instantaneous DOC flux increased dramatically when the hydrological connectivity strength exceeded 0.14; tannin and condensed aromatics exhibited a rapid increase with rising connectivity strength, but remained stable at connectivity strength above 0.25. However, hydrological connectivity showed no significant correlation with unstable components (such as lipids, protein, amino sugars, and carbohydrates). These results provide new insights into hydrological controls on the quantity and quality of DOM export and contribute to developing appropriate catchment management strategies for carbon storage.
PubMed: 38901314
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121902 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Jun 2024The epoxy propanol molecular cage bonded silica stationary phase, RCC3-GLD@silica, synthesized through the ring-opening reaction of secondary amine with epoxy propanol...
The epoxy propanol molecular cage bonded silica stationary phase, RCC3-GLD@silica, synthesized through the ring-opening reaction of secondary amine with epoxy propanol using RCC3-R as the scaffold unit, was successfully prepared as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption characterization. This stationary phase demonstrated excellent separation performance in both reversed-phase and hydrophilic chromatography modes, effectively separating a wide variety of compounds including alkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, anilines, sulfonamides, nucleosides, amino acids, sugars, and acids. The development of RCC3-GLD@silica benefits from the synergistic effects of its hydrophobic and hydrophilic actions, as evidenced by the U-shaped characteristic of the retention factor for nucleoside compounds with changes in the aqueous content of the mobile phase, further confirming the simultaneous presence of reversed-phase and hydrophilic chromatography mechanisms. Not only did this stationary phase successfully separate 33 compounds in reversed-phase chromatography mode, but it also separated 54 compounds in hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode, showcasing its broad separation capability from weakly polar to strongly polar compounds on a single chromatographic column. This indicates a wide application prospect in the field of chromatographic analysis.
PubMed: 38901295
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465098 -
The Plant Journal : For Cell and... Jun 2024Purple carrot accumulates anthocyanins modified with galactose, xylose, glucose, and sinapic acid. Most of the genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis have been...
Purple carrot accumulates anthocyanins modified with galactose, xylose, glucose, and sinapic acid. Most of the genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis have been identified, except for the glucosyltransferase genes involved in the step before the acylation in purple carrot. Anthocyanins are commonly glycosylated in reactions catalyzed by UDP-sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Although many studies have been conducted on UGTs, the glucosylation of carrot anthocyanins remains unknown. Acyl-glucose-dependent glucosyltransferase activity modifying cyanidin 3-xylosylgalactoside was detected in the crude protein extract prepared from purple carrot cultured cells. In addition, the corresponding enzyme was purified. The cDNA encoding this glucosyltransferase was isolated based on the partial amino acid sequence of the purified protein. The recombinant protein produced in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves via agroinfiltration exhibited anthocyanin glucosyltransferase activity. This glucosyltransferase belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3). The expression pattern of the gene encoding this GH3-type anthocyanin glucosyltransferase was consistent with anthocyanin accumulation in carrot tissues and cultured cells.
PubMed: 38899540
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16886 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Disrupted glucose metabolism and protein misfolding are key characteristics of age-related neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease, however their...
Disrupted glucose metabolism and protein misfolding are key characteristics of age-related neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease, however their mechanistic linkage is largely unexplored. The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway utilizes glucose and uridine-5'-triphosphate to generate N-linked glycans required for protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we find that Parkinson's patient midbrain cultures accumulate glucose and uridine-5'-triphosphate, while N-glycan synthesis rates are reduced. Impaired glucose flux occurred by selective reduction of the rate-limiting enzyme, GFPT2, through disrupted signaling between the unfolded protein response and the hexosamine pathway. Failure of the unfolded protein response and reduced N-glycosylation caused immature lysosomal hydrolases to misfold and accumulate, while accelerating glucose flux through the hexosamine pathway rescued hydrolase function and reduced pathological α-synuclein. Our data indicate that the hexosamine pathway integrates glucose metabolism with lysosomal activity, and its failure in Parkinson's disease occurs by uncoupling of the unfolded protein response-hexosamine pathway axis. These findings offer new methods to restore proteostasis by hexosamine pathway enhancement.
Topics: Humans; Hexosamines; Lysosomes; Parkinson Disease; Unfolded Protein Response; Neurons; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Mesencephalon; Glucose; Biosynthetic Pathways; Glycosylation; alpha-Synuclein; Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)
PubMed: 38897986
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49256-3 -
Water Research Jun 2024Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in China that pioneered the biological activated carbon (BAC) process have reached 10 years of operation. There has been a...
Effects of low frequency ultrasound treatment on dissolved organic nitrogen removal by biological activated carbon: Critical insights into molecular characteristics, microbial traits, and metabolism.
Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in China that pioneered the biological activated carbon (BAC) process have reached 10 years of operation. There has been a renewed focus on biofiltration and the performance of old BAC filters for dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has been poor, requiring replacement and regeneration of the BAC. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a cost-effective way to improve the water quality of the old BAC filters. To address this, low frequency ultrasound is proposed to enhance DON removal efficiency by BAC. In this study, bench and pilot tests were conducted to investigate the effect of low frequency ultrasound on DON removal by 10-year BAC. The results indicated that low frequency ultrasound significantly improved the DON removal rate increased from 15.83 % to 85.87 % and considerably inhibited the nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) formation potential, which was attributed to a decrease in the production of lipid-like, carbohydrate-like, and protein/amino sugar-like DON. The biomass on the BAC was significantly reduced after ultrasound treatment, and it decreased from 349.56∼388.98 nmol P/gBAC to 310.12∼377.63 nmol P/gBAC, enabling the biofilm thickness to decrease and the surface to become sparse and porous, which was conducive to oxygen and nutrients transfer. The Rhizobials associated with microbe-derived DON were stripped away during ultrasound treatment, which reduced microbe-derived DON associated with amino acids. Additionally, ultrasound regulated metabolic pathways, including amino acids, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and nucleotide metabolism, to improve the osmotic pressure of the biofilm. In short, low frequency ultrasound treatment can enhance BAC biological properties and effectively remove DON and N-DBPs formation potentials, which provides a viable and promising strategy for improving the safety of drinking water in practice.
PubMed: 38896885
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121924 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The pomegranate processing industry generates worldwide enormous amounts of by-products, such as pomegranate peels (PPs), which constitute a rich source of phenolic...
The pomegranate processing industry generates worldwide enormous amounts of by-products, such as pomegranate peels (PPs), which constitute a rich source of phenolic compounds. In this view, PPs could be exploited as a sustainable source of ellagic acid, which is a compound that possesses various biological actions. The present study aimed at the liberation of ellagic acid from its bound forms via ultrasound-assisted alkaline hydrolysis, which was optimized using response surface methodology. The effects of duration of sonication, solvent:solid ratio, and NaOH concentration on total phenol content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and punicalagin and ellagic acid content were investigated. Using the optimum hydrolysis conditions (i.e., 32 min, 1:48 /, 1.5 mol/L NaOH), the experimental responses were found to be TCP: 4230 ± 190 mg GAE/100 g dry PPs; A: 32,398 ± 1817 µmol Trolox/100 g dry PPs; A: 29,816 ± 1955 µmol Trolox/100 g dry PPs; 59 ± 3 mg punicalagin/100 g dry PPs; and 1457 ± 71 mg ellagic acid/100 g dry PPs. LC-QTOF-MS and GC-MS analysis of the obtained PP extract revealed the presence of various phenolic compounds (e.g., ellagic acid), organic acids (e.g., citric acid), sugars (e.g., fructose) and amino acids (e.g., glycine). The proposed methodology could be of use for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics applications, thus reinforcing local economies.
Topics: Ellagic Acid; Pomegranate; Hydrolysis; Antioxidants; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Fruit
PubMed: 38893299
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112424 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a very serious diabetes complication. Changes in the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification are associated with many diseases....
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a very serious diabetes complication. Changes in the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification are associated with many diseases. However, its role in DR is not fully understood. In this research, we explored the effect of O-GlcNAc modification regulation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in DR, providing some evidence for clinical DR treatment in the future. Bioinformatics was used to make predictions from the database, which were validated using the serum samples of diabetic patients. As an in vivo model, diabetic mice were induced using streptozotocin (STZ) injection with/without an AMPK agonist (metformin) or an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) treatment. Electroretinogram (ERG) and H&E staining were used to evaluate the retinal functional and morphological changes. In vitro, 661 w cells were exposed to high-glucose conditions, with or without metformin treatment. Apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL staining. The protein expression was detected using Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The angiogenesis ability was detected using a tube formation assay. The levels of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) in the serum changed in the DR patients in the clinic. In the diabetic mice, the ERG wave amplitude and retinal thickness decreased. In vitro, the apoptotic cell percentage and Bax expression were increased, and Bcl2 expression was decreased in the 661 w cells under high-glucose conditions. The O-GlcNAc modification was increased in DR. In addition, the expression of GFAT/TXNIP O-GlcNAc was also increased in the 661 w cells after the high-glucose treatment. Additionally, the Co-immunoprecipitation(CO-IP) results show that TXNIP interacted with the O-GlcNAc modification. However, AMPK activation ameliorated this effect. We also found that silencing the AMPKα1 subunit reversed this process. In addition, the conditioned medium of the 661 w cells may have affected the tube formation in vitro. Taken together, O-GlcNAc modification was increased in DR with photoreceptor cell degeneration and neovascularization; however, it was reversed after activating AMPK. The underlying mechanism is linked to the GFAT/TXNIP-O-GlcNAc modification signaling axis. Therefore, the AMPKα1 subunit plays a vital role in the process.
Topics: Diabetic Retinopathy; Animals; Mice; Acetylglucosamine; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Humans; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Male; Apoptosis; Metformin; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; Retina; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Cell Line
PubMed: 38892474
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116286