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Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... May 2024The male reproductive system is negatively influenced by Al exposure. Al represented a considerable hazard to men's reproduction capabilities. Amygdalin (AMG) and...
Repro-protective activity of amygdalin and spirulina platensis in niosomes and conventional forms against aluminum chloride-induced testicular challenge in adult rats: role of CYP11A1, StAR, and HSD-3B expressions.
The male reproductive system is negatively influenced by Al exposure. Al represented a considerable hazard to men's reproduction capabilities. Amygdalin (AMG) and spirulina platensis (SP) have been considered to have a strong antioxidant and repro-protective activity; also, targeted drug delivery systems called niosomes improve the distribution of water-soluble medications like amygdalin and spirulina. Current study targeted to determine the effectiveness of AMG and SP against negative reproductive impact resulted by aluminum chloride (AlCl) toxicity. Sixty adult male albino rats were separated into 6 groups, including the control group, which received distilled water; AlCl group, which received AlCl; AMG+AlCl group, which received AlCl+AMG; AMGLN+AlCl group, which received AlCl+amygdalin-loaded niosomes; SP+AlCl group, which received AlCl+SP; and SPLN+AlCl group, which received AlCl+spirulina-loaded niosomes. All treatments were orally gavaged daily for 5 weeks, and rats were weighed weekly. At the termination of the experiment, some males (three from each group) were used for fertility traits via mating thirty virgin rat females (in a ratio of 1:2 and 2:3 male:female, respectively) followed by recording of birth weights and litter size (number of pups per each female) at birth to assess males' reproductive capability. Other males were euthanized for collection of serum, epididymal semen samples, and tissue samples for biochemical, sperm evaluation, gene expression, and histopathological measurements. There are a considerable number of negative impacts of AlCl on male fertility clarified by declined serum testosterone levels; an increased oxidative stress (MDA, TAC); deteriorated semen quality; down-regulation of CYP11A1, StAR, and HSD-3b gene expressions; and testicular tissue degenerative changes. In addition, litter size (number of pups per each female) and birth weights of pups obtained from mated females were affected. AMG and SP treatments, either in niosomal or conventional form, alleviated the AlCl negative effects by reducing oxidative stress; increasing testosterone levels; improving semen quality; upregulating of CYP11A1, StAR, and HSD-3b gene expressions; and reducing degenerative changes of testicular tissue. Besides, negative reproductive effect was diminished as observed by changes in the litter size (number of pups per each female) and birth weights of pups obtained from mated females. AMG and SP treatments (either in niosomal or conventional form), ameliorated the AlCl negative effects as they possess powerful antioxidant activity, as well as they have the ability to improve the reproductive activity of affected males.
Topics: Animals; Male; Aluminum Chloride; Spirulina; Liposomes; Testis; Rats; Amygdalin; Reproduction; Female; Aluminum Compounds; Antioxidants
PubMed: 37910183
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02788-9 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023The limitations of current medications for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) emphasize the urgent need for the development of new drugs. This study aimed to investigate...
The limitations of current medications for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) emphasize the urgent need for the development of new drugs. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-RA mechanism of amygdalin using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics technology. First, the anti-RA activity of amygdalin was evaluated in a Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced rat model. Then, the roles and importance of proteins in the extracted rat joint tissue were evaluated using TMT-based quantitative proteomics technology. A bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). A proteomics analysis identified 297 DAPs in the amygdalin group compared with the model group, of which 53 upregulated proteins and 51 downregulated proteins showed opposite regulatory trends to the DAPs produced after modeling. According to enrichment analyses of the DAPs, the signaling pathways with a high correlation degree were determined to be the complement and coagulation cascades. Furthermore, western blotting and molecular docking were used to further validate the key node proteins, e.g., complement C1s subcomponent (C1s), component C3 (C3) and kininogen 1 (Kng1). These results suggest that amygdalin may be a promising agent for treating RA by regulating the complement and coagulation cascades.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Amygdalin; Proteomics; Molecular Docking Simulation; Complement System Proteins; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 37894605
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207126 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023is a fungus that causes a severe foliar disease on flue-cured tobacco in southwest China, resulting in significant losses in tobacco yield and quality. To better...
is a fungus that causes a severe foliar disease on flue-cured tobacco in southwest China, resulting in significant losses in tobacco yield and quality. To better understand the organism, researchers investigated its optimal growth conditions and metabolic versatility using a combination of traditional methods and the Biolog Phenotype MicroArray technique. The study found that exhibited impressive metabolic versatility, being able to metabolize a majority of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus sources tested, as well as adapt to different environmental conditions, including broad pH ranges and various osmolytes. The optimal medium for mycelial growth was alkyl ester agar medium, while oatmeal agar medium was optimal for sporulation, and the optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 25°C. The lethal temperature was 40°C. The study also identified arbutin and amygdalin as optimal carbon sources and Ala-Asp and Ala-Glu as optimal nitrogen sources for . Furthermore, the genome of strain T41 was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq and Pacific Biosciences technologies, with 10,821 genes predicted using Nonredundant, Gene Ontology, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and SWISS-PROT databases. Analysis of the metabolic functions of phyllosphere microorganisms on diseased tobacco leaves affected by using the Biolog Eco microplate revealed an inability to efficiently metabolize a total of 29 carbon sources, with only tween 40 showing some metabolizing ability. The study provides new insights into the structure and function of phyllosphere microbiota and highlights important challenges for future research, as well as a theoretical basis for the integrated control and breeding for disease resistance of tobacco leaf spot. This information can be useful in developing new strategies for disease control and management, as well as enhancing crop productivity and quality.
PubMed: 37828924
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1199956 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2023Radiotherapy is used as a treatment for head and neck cancers but increases the risk of salivary gland hypofunction. The management strategies include pharmacotherapies...
BACKGROUND
Radiotherapy is used as a treatment for head and neck cancers but increases the risk of salivary gland hypofunction. The management strategies include pharmacotherapies such as salivary substitutes and sialagogues which are largely temporary. In this study, we examine the regenerative potential of vitamin B17 to improve salivary gland function.
OBJECTIVES
The present investigation aims to identify the effect of vitamin B17 (amygdaline) on the irradiated parotid salivary gland of albino rats.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twenty-eight adult male albino rats were randomly divided into two groups subjected to irradiation procedure. Fourteen were in the control group, receiving a daily 5 mL saline by oral gavage (7 rats for 14 days and 7 rats for 30 days) while the other fourteen were treated with a daily dose of vitamin B17 (grounded apricot kernel; GAK) at 400 mg/kg in 5 mL of saline by oral gavage (7 rats for 14 days and 7 rats for 30 days). The parotid glands were dissected from the two groups at 14 and 30 days from the day of exposure to irradiation. The parotid gland sections were subjected to H&E stain, immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and PCR using transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2).
RESULTS
The histological abnormalities corroborate with the immunohistochemical localization of EGF and the PCR results of TGF β2, as their up-regulation in the control group demonstrate oxidative stresses and inflammation. The Treatment with GAK decreased oxidative stress and inflammation while promoting tissue regeneration.
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin B17 is a promising anti-inflammatory agent that boosts immunity, as the experimental group showed better histological architecture of the parotid gland than the other one.
Topics: Rats; Male; Animals; Amygdalin; Prunus armeniaca; Epidermal Growth Factor; Rats, Wistar; Salivary Glands; Inflammation
PubMed: 37815512
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/132387 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... Aug 2023This study focused on the separation, characterization, content determination, and antiviral efficacy research on colloidal particles with different sizes in Maxing...
This study focused on the separation, characterization, content determination, and antiviral efficacy research on colloidal particles with different sizes in Maxing Shigan Decoction(MXSG). The mixed colloidal phase of MXSG was initially separated into small colloidal particle segment(S), medium colloidal particle segment(M), and big colloidal particle segment(B) using ultrafiltration. Further fine separation was performed using size-exclusion chromatography. Dynamic light scattering(DLS) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were employed to characterize the size and morphology of the separated colloidal particles. UPLC-MS/MS was used to determine the content of ephedrine, amygdalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and the EDTA complexometric titration was used to measure the calcium(Ca~(2+)) content in different colloidal phases. Finally, a respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) infection mouse model was established using intranasal administration. The experimental groups included a blank group, a model group, a ribavirin group, an MXSG group, an S group, an M group, and a B group. Oral administration was given for treatment, and pathological changes in mouse lung tissue and organ indices were evaluated. The results of the study showed that the distribution of ephedrine, amygdalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and Ca~(2+) content was not uniform among different colloidal segments. Among them, the B segment had the highest proportions of the three components, except for Ca~(2+), accounting for 46.35%, 53.72%, and 92.36%, respectively. Size-exclusion chromatography separated colloidal particles with uniform morphology in the size range of 100-500 nm. Compared to the S and M segments, the B segment showed an increased lung index inhibition rate(38.31%), spleen index, and thymus index in RSV-infected mice, and it improved the infiltration of inflammatory cells and lung injury in the lung tissue of mice. The complex components in MXSG form colloidal particles of various sizes and morphologies through heating, and small-molecule active components such as ephedrine, amygdalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and Ca~(2+) participate in the assembly to varying degrees. The main material basis for the antiviral effect of MXSG is the colloidal particles with certain particle sizes formed by the assembly of active components during the heating process.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Amygdalin; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Ephedrine; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Antiviral Agents
PubMed: 37802865
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230510.301 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... Sep 2023The potential anti-stroke active components in Taohong Siwu Decoction(THSWD) were identified by target cell trapping coupled with ultra-high performance liquid...
[Active components and potential mechanism of Taohong Siwu Decoction in regulating ischemic stroke based on target cell trapping combined with network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation].
The potential anti-stroke active components in Taohong Siwu Decoction(THSWD) were identified by target cell trapping coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The underlying mechanism of active components in THSWD in the treatment of ischemic stroke(IS) was explored by network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology combined with the UNIFI data analysis platform was used to analyze the composition of the cellular fragmentation fluid after co-incubation of THSWD with target cells. The targets of potential active components and IS were collected by network pharmacology, and the common targets underwent protein-protein interaction(PPI), Gene Ontology(GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analyses. The target cell trapping component-core target-signaling pathway network was constructed, and the active components were molecularly docked to the top targets in the PPI network, followed by pharmacodynamic validation in vitro. Fifteen active components were identified in the target cellular fragmentation fluid, including bicyclic monoterpenes, cyanoglycosides, flavonols, quinoid chalcones, phenylpropanoids, and tannins. As revealed by the analysis of network pharmacology, THSWD presumably regulated PI3K-AKT, FoxO, MAPK, Jak-STAT, VEGF, HIF-1, and other signaling pathways to affect inflammatory cascade reaction, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and other pathological processes via paeoniflorin, butylphthalide, dehydrated safflower yellow B, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, amygdalin, paeoniflorin, and ligusticolactone. Molecular docking and in vitro pharmacodynamic validation revealed that the target cell trapping active components could promote neovascularization in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells(rBMECs) in the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R) model. The application of target cell trapping coupled with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology can rapidly screen out the potential active components in THSWD. The active components of THSWD can be predicted to intervene in the pathogenesis of IS through network pharmacology, and molecular docking combined with experimental validation can further clarify the efficacy, thus providing a theoretical basis for research ideas on the pharmacodynamic substance basis of traditional Chinese medicine compounds.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Ischemic Stroke; Molecular Docking Simulation; Network Pharmacology; Endothelial Cells; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Drugs, Chinese Herbal
PubMed: 37802815
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230423.403 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaves contain many bioactive components such as ursolic acid (UA) and amygdalin. We investigated the effects of loquat leaf powder and...
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaves contain many bioactive components such as ursolic acid (UA) and amygdalin. We investigated the effects of loquat leaf powder and methanol extract in human neuroglioma H4 cells stably expressing the Swedish-type APP695 (APP-H4 cells) and C57BL/6 J mice. Surprisingly, the extract greatly enhanced cellular amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) 42 productions in APP-H4 cells. Administration of leaf powder increased Aβ42 levels after 3 months and decreased levels after 12 months compared to control mice. Leaf powder had no effect on working memory after 3 months, but improved working memory after 12 months. Administration of UA decreased Aβ42 and P-tau levels and improved working memory after 12 months, similar to the administration of leave powder for 12 months. Amygdalin enhanced cellular Aβ42 production in APP-H4 cells, which was the same as the extract. Three-month administration of amygdalin increased Aβ42 levels slightly but did not significantly increase them, which is similar to the trend observed with the administration of leaf powder for 3 months. UA was likely the main compound contained in loquat leaves responsible for the decrease in intracerebral Aβ42 and P-tau levels. Also, amygdalin might be one of the compounds responsible for the transiently increased intracerebral Aβ42 levels.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Eriobotrya; Amygdalin; Powders; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Plant Leaves; Plant Extracts; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Ursolic Acid
PubMed: 37798424
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44098-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Cancer rates are increasing, and cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Amygdalin, also known as vitamin B17 (and laetrile, a synthetic compound), is a... (Review)
Review
Cancer rates are increasing, and cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Amygdalin, also known as vitamin B17 (and laetrile, a synthetic compound), is a cyanogenic glycoside compound that is mainly found in the kernels and pulps of fruits. This compound has been proposed for decades as a promising naturally occurring substance which may provide anticancer effects. This is a comprehensive review which critically summarizes and scrutinizes the available studies exploring the anticancer effect of amygdalin, highlighting its potential anticancer molecular mechanisms as well as the need for a nontoxic formulation of this substance. In-depth research was performed using the most accurate scientific databases, e.g., PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, applying effective, characteristic, and relevant keywords. There are several pieces of evidence to support the idea that amygdalin can exert anticancer effects against lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, cervical, and gastrointestinal cancers. Amygdalin has been reported to induce apoptosis of cancer cells, inhibiting cancer cells' proliferation and slowing down tumor metastatic spread. However, only a few studies have been performed in in vivo animal models, while clinical studies remain even more scarce. The current evidence cannot support a recommendation of the use of nutritional supplements with amygdalin due to its cyano-moiety which exerts adverse side effects. Preliminary data have shown that the use of nanoparticles may be a promising alternative to enhance the anticancer effects of amygdalin while simultaneously reducing its adverse side effects. Amygdalin seems to be a promising naturally occurring agent against cancer disease development and progression. However, there is a strong demand for in vivo animal studies as well as human clinical studies to explore the potential prevention and/or treatment efficiency of amygdalin against cancer. Moreover, amygdalin could be used as a lead compound by effectively applying recent developments in drug discovery processes.
PubMed: 37762572
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814270 -
Molecular Biology Reports Nov 2023A gastric ulcer is a painful lesion of the gastric mucosa that can be debilitating or even fatal. The effectiveness of several plant extracts in the therapy of this...
BACKGROUND
A gastric ulcer is a painful lesion of the gastric mucosa that can be debilitating or even fatal. The effectiveness of several plant extracts in the therapy of this illness has been demonstrated in traditional pharmacopoeias.
AIM
this study was aimed to see if propolis, ginseng in normal or nano form, and amygdalin might help in preventing the ulcerative effects of absolute ethanol.
METHODS
Gastroprotective properties of pretreatments before ethanol gavage in rats were compared to omeprazole. The ulcer and stomach parameters (ulcerated regions) were measured (mm), ulcer inhibition percentage, the stomachs were assessed macroscopically with gastric biopsy histological examinations.
RESULTS
Amygdalin, normal and nano ginseng, nano propolis followed by propolis all showed great efficacy in protecting the cyto-architecture and function of the gastric mucosa. The number of ulcerated sites was greatly reduced, and the percentage of stomach protection was increased. Histopathological examination had confirmed great protective effects of the nanoformulations followed by amygdalin. The protection and healing rate was completed to about 100% in all tested materials while ulcer areas were still partially unhealed in normal propolis and omeprazole. Quantitative assay of the m-RNA levels Enothelin 1(ET-1), leukotriene4 (LT-4), and caspase 3(Cas-3) genes and Histamine were done and revealed significant up-regulations in ethanol group and the maximum protective effect was reported with ginseng nano, moreover the histamine content was significantly decreased with nano- formulated extracts.
CONCLUSION
Amygdalin and the nanoformulated ginseng and propolis had exhibited a marked protective effect against the ulcerative toxic effects of ethanol.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Stomach Ulcer; Ulcer; Propolis; Amygdalin; Histamine; Plant Extracts; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Gastric Mucosa; Omeprazole; Ethanol
PubMed: 37741810
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08776-9 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Sep 2023Sorafenib (Sor) is the only approved multikinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of HCC. Previous studies have shown that amygdalin (Amy) possesses anticancer...
BACKGROUND
Sorafenib (Sor) is the only approved multikinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of HCC. Previous studies have shown that amygdalin (Amy) possesses anticancer activities against several cancer cell lines; we suggested that these compounds might disrupt AMPK/mTOR and BCL-2. Therefore, the current study used integrated in vitro and in silico approaches to figure out Amy and Sor's possible synergistic activity in targeting AMPK/mTOR and BCL-2 for anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis cell death in HepG2 cells.
RESULTS
Notably, Amy demonstrated exceptional cytotoxic selectivity against HepG2 cells in comparison to normal WI-38 cells (IC = 5.21 mg/ml; 141.25 mg/ml), respectively. In contrast, WI-38 cells were far more sensitive to the toxicity of Sor. A substantial synergistic interaction between Amy and Sor was observed (CI = 0.56), which was connected to cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M stages and increased apoptosis and potential necroptosis. Amy and Sor cotreatment resulted in the highest glutathione levels and induction of pro-autophagic genes AMPK, HGMB1, ATG5, Beclin 1, and LC3, suppressed the mTOR and BCL2 anti-apoptotic gene. Finally, the docking studies proposed that Amy binds to the active site of the AMPK enzyme, thus inhibiting its activity. This inhibition of AMPK ultimately leads to inhibition of mTOR and thus induces apoptosis in the HepG2 cells.
CONCLUSION
Although more in vivo research using animal models is needed to confirm the findings, our findings contribute to the evidence supporting Amy's potential anticancer effectiveness as an alternative therapeutic option for HCC.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Sorafenib; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Amygdalin; Liver Neoplasms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Apoptosis; Cell Line
PubMed: 37726740
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04142-1