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Pharmacological Research Oct 2023Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases, and its morbidity and mortality increase with age. Resistance and mutations development...
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases, and its morbidity and mortality increase with age. Resistance and mutations development make the use of anti-infective therapy challenging. Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are often used to treat CAP in China and well tolerable. However, currently there are no evidence-based guideline for the treatment of CAP with CPMs, and the misuse of CPMs is common. Therefore, we established a guideline panel to develop this guideline. We identified six clinical questions through two rounds of survey, and we then systematically searched relevant evidence and performed meta-analyses, evidence summaries and GRADE decision tables to draft recommendations, which were then voted on by a consensus panel using the Delphi method. Finally, we developed ten recommendations based on evidence synthesis and expert consensus. For the treatment of severe CAP in adults, we recommend Tanreqing injection, Reduning injection, Xuebijing injection, Shenfu injection, and Shenmai injection respectively. For the treatment of non-severe CAP in adults, we recommend Tanreqing injection, Reduning injection, Lianhua Qingwen capsule/granule, Qingfei Xiaoyan Pill and Shufeng Jiedu capsule respectively. CPMs have great potential to help in the fight against CAP worldwide, but more high-quality studies are still needed to strengthen the evidence.
PubMed: 37722517
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106919 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023The young bamboo shoot of Bambusa oldhamii (green bamboo) has a good taste and is rich in nutrition and widely used in traditional Chinese cuisines. But the shoots...
The young bamboo shoot of Bambusa oldhamii (green bamboo) has a good taste and is rich in nutrition and widely used in traditional Chinese cuisines. But the shoots flavor of Bambusa oldhamii changed from deliciously sweet to a little bitter when the shoots grew from underground to aboveground. In this paper, we explored the bitterness chemicals of the green bamboo shoot when growing from underground to aboveground using transcriptome and metabolome techniques. Finally, several bitter chemicals were mined out counting for the flavor transformation, such as Solanidine, Amygdalin, Salicin, Arbutin, and others. The transcription factor family of AP2/ERF plays the main role in key bitter chemical regulation via correlation analysis. Moreover, the pathway of Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids might be the key pathway in the formation of the bitter chemicals in green bamboo shoot development.
Topics: Taste; Transcriptome; Bambusa; Gene Expression Profiling; Metabolomics
PubMed: 37684287
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40918-8 -
PeerJ 2023L. (mahlab cherry) is a deciduous plant that is native to the Mediterranean region and central Europe with a myriad of medicinal, culinary and cosmetic uses. The...
Profiling of primary and phytonutrients in edible mahlab cherry ( L.) seeds in the context of its different cultivars and roasting as analyzed using molecular networking and chemometric tools.
L. (mahlab cherry) is a deciduous plant that is native to the Mediterranean region and central Europe with a myriad of medicinal, culinary and cosmetic uses. The present study explored different cultivars of mahlab (white from Egypt and Greece, red from Egypt and post roasting). UPLC-MS led to the detection of 110 primary and secondary metabolites belonging to different classes including phenylpropanoids (hydroxy cinnamates, coumaroyl derivatives), organic acids, coumarins, cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids, nitrogenous compounds, amino acids and fatty acids, of which 39 are first time to be detected in L. A holistic assessment of metabolites was performed for further analysis of dataset using principal component analysis (PCA) among mahlab cultivars to assess variance within seeds. The results revealed that phenolic acids (coumaric acid--hexoside, ferulic acid--hexoside, ferulic acid--hexoside dimer, dihydrocoumaroyl--hexoside dimer and ferulic acid), coumarins (coumarin and herniarin) and amino acids (pyroglutamic acid) were abundant in white mahlab cultivars (cvs.) from different locations. In contrast, red mahlab and its roasted seeds were more rich in organic acids (citric and malic acids), amygdalin derivative and sphingolipids. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed for markers in red mahlab and in response to roasting, where red mahlab was rich in nitrogenous compounds viz. nonamide, deoxy fructosyl leucine, glutaryl carnitine and isoleucine, while roasted product (REM) was found to be enriched in choline.
Topics: Prunus; Chemometrics; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Seeds; Prunus avium; Amino Acids; Phytochemicals; Antifibrinolytic Agents
PubMed: 37663279
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15908 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2023Strain HF14-78462 is an environmental bacterium found in clinical samples from an immunocompromized patient in 2014 at Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe...
Strain HF14-78462 is an environmental bacterium found in clinical samples from an immunocompromized patient in 2014 at Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe (Valencia, Spain). Phenotypically, strain HF14-78462 cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming and non-motile small rods which formed mucous and whitish-translucent colonies when incubated at 20-36 °C. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA genes and the whole genomes of closest sequenced relatives confirmed that strain HF14-78462 is affiliated with the genus . The strain was oxidase, catalase and urease positive; but indole, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase and DNase negative, did not produce HS and was able to utilize a wide variety of carbon sources including acetamide, adonitol, amygdalin, l-arabinose, citric acid, glucose, mannitol and melibiose. Unlike and , strain HF14-78462 failed to grow in thiosulphate-oxidizing media and had a narrower temperature growth range. Its genome was characterized by a size of 4.83 Mbp and a C+G content of 67.75 mol%. Major fatty acids were C 7, cyclo C and C, its polar acids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an aminophospholipid; while the ubiquinones were Q9 (1.8 %) and Q10 (98.2 %). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 41 and 41.4 against and , respectively, while average nucleotide identity values were around 84 %. Phenotypic, average nucleotide identity and phylogenomic comparative studies suggest that strain HF14-78462 is a new representative of the genus and the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HF14-78462 (=CECT 30124=LMG 31874).
Topics: Humans; Fatty Acids; Noma; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Bacteria
PubMed: 37605998
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005805 -
Journal of Inflammation Research 2023Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of lower back pain (LBP), in which inflammatory is frequently involved. Amygdalin (AMD) is a naturally occurring...
BACKGROUND
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of lower back pain (LBP), in which inflammatory is frequently involved. Amygdalin (AMD) is a naturally occurring compound that exerts anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulatory effects in various diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of AMD on Lumbar spine instability (LSI)-induced IDD in mice.
METHODS
In this study, we first explored the effects of AMD in vivo, and then further explored the mechanism of its effects both in vivo and in vitro. Ten-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were administrated with AMD. At 10 weeks after LSI, spinal were collected for tissue analyses, including histology, micro-CT, and immunohistochemistry for Col2, Mmp-13, TNF-α, and p-P65. Additionally, we also evaluated the mRNA and protein expression level of p-P65 and p-IKBα after being treated with AMD in vitro.
RESULTS
Histological staining, micro-CT and immunohistochemical analysis showed that AMD treatment significantly inhibited the expression of TNF-α and Mmp-13, increased the expression of Col2 as well as attenuated the calcification of cartilage endplates, eventually to delayed the progression of IDD. Meanwhile, in vivo and in vitro fluorescence imaging revealed that AMD markedly inhibited the AMD significantly inhibited the LSI-induced increase in TNF-α expression and P65and IKBα phosphorylation.
DISCUSSION
Our findings suggest that AMD partly inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway to reduce the release of inflammatory mediators and delay the degeneration of cartilage endplate in IDD model mice. Therefore, AMD may be a potential candidate for the treatment of IDD.
PubMed: 37600226
DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S415527 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Apricot is a widely cultivated fruit tree of the drupe family, and its sweet/bitter kernel traits are important indicators of the quality and merchantability of...
Apricot is a widely cultivated fruit tree of the drupe family, and its sweet/bitter kernel traits are important indicators of the quality and merchantability of apricots. The sweetness/bitterness traits were mainly determined by amygdalin content. However, the lack of high-quality genomes has limited insight into the traits. In this study, a high-quality genome of 'Xiaobaixing' was obtained by using single-molecule sequencing and chromosome-conformation capture techniques, with eight chromosomes of 0.21 Gb in length and 52.80% repetitive sequences. A total of 29,157 protein-coding genes were predicted with contigs N50 = 3.56 Mb and scaffold N50 = 26.73 Mb. Construction of phylogenetic trees of 15 species of Rosaceae fruit trees, with 'Xiaobaixing' differentiated by 5.3 Ma as the closest relative to 'Yinxiangbai'. GO functional annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis identified 227 specific gene families to 'Xiaobaixing', with 569 expansion-gene families and 1316 contraction-gene families, including the significant expansion of phenylalanine N-monooxygenase and β-glucosidase genes associated with amygdalin synthesis, significant contraction of wild black cherry glucoside β-glucosidase genes, amygdalin β-glucosidase genes, and β-glucosidase genes, and significant enrichment of positively selected genes in the cyanogenic amino acid metabolic pathway. The 88 genes were identified in the genome of 'Xiaobaixing', and () was found to be a key gene for the identification of sweet/bitter kernels of apricots. The amino acid sequence encoded by its gene is highly conserved in the species of , , , and and may be participating in the regulation of amygdalin biosynthesis, which provides a theoretical foundation for the molecular identification of sweet/bitter kernels of apricots.
PubMed: 37570910
DOI: 10.3390/plants12152756 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Oct 2023Infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant () pose a critical concern for medical institutions as they can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study,...
Infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant () pose a critical concern for medical institutions as they can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, amygdalin exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as well as other potentials. However, whether it could influence the drug-resistant -infected cells remained unanswered. Amygdalin was therefore tested in a cellular model in which human macrophages were exposed to resistant . Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Western immunoblotting and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to quantify interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages was detected by ROS kit. The expression of panapoptotic proteins in macrophages was measured by qRT-PCR and Western immunoblotting. Drug-Resistant inhibited cell viability and enhanced apoptosis in the cellular model. In cells treated with amygdalin, this compound can inhibit cell apoptosis and reduce the expression of pro - inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-6. Additionally, it decreases the production of PANoptosis proteins, Furthermore, amygdalin lowered the levels of reactive oxygen species induced by drug-resistant , in cells, demonstrating its antioxidant effects. Amygdalin, a drug with a protective role, alleviated cell damage caused by drug-resistant in human macrophages by inhibiting the PANoptosis signaling pathway.
Topics: Humans; Amygdalin; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-18; Escherichia coli; Reactive Oxygen Species; Macrophages
PubMed: 37559205
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06030 -
BioMed Research International 2023[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4767621.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4767621.].
PubMed: 37502496
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9829041 -
Experimental Eye Research Sep 2023Oxidative stress has been involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Amygdalin is an effective component of bitter almond that exhibits excellent...
Oxidative stress has been involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Amygdalin is an effective component of bitter almond that exhibits excellent antioxidant properties. We explored the effects of amygdalin on ferroptosis and oxidative stress in high-glucose (HG)-stimulated human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) via the NRF2/ARE pathway. HG-stimulated HRECs were used to establish a DR model. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. The release of lactate dehydrogenase was used to evaluate cell toxicity. The protein levels of NRF2, NQO1, and HO-1 were detected using western blotting. The GSH, GSSG, GPX4, SOD, CAT, MDA, and Fe levels in the HRECs were also detected. Flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a fluorescent probe. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect NRF2 expression. The results revealed that HG stimulation decreased the levels of GSH, GPX4, SOD, and CAT but increased those of MDA, ROS, GSSG, and Fe in HRECs. Ferrostatin-1 treatment reversed the effects of HG stimulation, whereas erastin aggravated these effects. Amygdalin treatment relieved HG-induced injury in HRECs. Amygdalin treatment promoted the nuclear transport of NRF2 in HG-stimulated HRECs. NQO1 and HO-1 levels were upregulated in HG-stimulated HRECs after amygdalin treatment. An inhibitor of NRF2 reversed the effects of amygdalin. Therefore, amygdalin treatment inhibited ferroptosis and oxidative stress in HG-stimulated HRECs by activating the NRF2/ARE signaling pathway.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Retinopathy; Reactive Oxygen Species; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Amygdalin; Ferroptosis; Endothelial Cells; Glutathione Disulfide; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction; Superoxide Dismutase; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37422064
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109569 -
Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Aug 2023Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents a chronic and progressive tissue repair response that leads to irreversible scarring and lung remodeling. The decoction of...
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents a chronic and progressive tissue repair response that leads to irreversible scarring and lung remodeling. The decoction of bitter almond usually contains amygdalin epimers in traditional clinical application for lung disease. To reveal the differences of cytotoxicity and antifibrotic effect between amygdalin epimers, and potential mechanism is also explored. The cytotoxicity of amygdalin epimers were evaluated with MRC-5 cells in vitro. Their antifibrotic activities were evaluated in bleomycin-induced C57BL/6 mice and TGF-β1-induced MRC-5 cells. Here we demonstrated that L-amygdalin is more toxic of the amygdalin epimers in MRC-5 cells, and D-amygdalin is more effective in anti-pulmonary fibrosis among the amygdalin epimers in bleomycin-induced C57BL/6 mice. Herein, it was observed that D-amygdalin had a stronger inhibitory effect on inflammation than L-amygdalin, and had similar results in inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression levels of fibrosis-related biomarkers. The mechanism of anti-pulmonary fibrosis showed that amygdalin epimers suppressing expression of phosphorylation of Smads2/3, which implying deactivation of the TGF-β1induced Smads2/3 signal pathway. This study evaluates the amygdalin epimers cytotoxicity and antifibrotic effect, and its mechanisms were related to the TGF-β1/Smads2/3 signal pathway. It provides a reference for clinical safety and effectiveness of amygdalin epimers.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Amygdalin; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Lung; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Bleomycin
PubMed: 37364767
DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102230