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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Two boxer dogs from the same litter were presented at 3 months of age for urinary and fecal incontinence. Both dogs had an abnormal tail consisting of a small stump, an...
Two boxer dogs from the same litter were presented at 3 months of age for urinary and fecal incontinence. Both dogs had an abnormal tail consisting of a small stump, an atonic anal sphincter, and absent perineal reflex and sensation. Neurological evaluation was indicative of a lesion of the cauda equina or sacral spinal cord. Radiology and CT scan of the spine displayed similar findings in the two dogs that were indicative of sacral agenesis. Indeed, they had 6 lumbar vertebrae followed by a lumbosacral transitional vertebra, lacking a complete spinous process, and a hypoplastic vertebra carrying 2 hypoplastic sacral transverse processes as the only remnant of the sacral bone. Caudal vertebrae were absent in one of the dogs. On MRI, one dog had a dural sac occupying the entire spinal canal and ending in a subfascial fat structure. In the other dog, the dural sac finished in an extracanalar, subfascial, well-defined cystic structure, communicating with the subarachnoid space, and consistent with a meningocele. Sacral agenesis-that is the partial or complete absence of the sacral bones-is a neural tube defect occasionally reported in humans with spina bifida occulta. Sacral agenesis has been described in human and veterinary medicine in association with conditions such as caudal regression syndrome, perosomus elumbis, and Currarino syndrome. These neural tube defects are caused by genetic and/or environmental factors. Despite thorough genetic investigation, no candidate variants in genes with known functional impact on bone development or sacral development could be found in the affected dogs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing similar sacral agenesis in two related boxer dogs.
PubMed: 37303726
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1201484 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jun 2023A 10-month-old unilaterally cryptorchid male labradoodle dog was presented to a specialty surgery referral center with a reported history of persistent anal sac leakage...
A 10-month-old unilaterally cryptorchid male labradoodle dog was presented to a specialty surgery referral center with a reported history of persistent anal sac leakage that was unresponsive to conservative management. The dog underwent castration and left anal sacculectomy but was witnessed urinating from the anus postoperatively. A contrast urethrogram was performed, and a urethrorectal fistula located between the distal portion of the pelvic urethra and the caudal aspect of the rectum was diagnosed. One week later, the dog underwent ligation and transection of the fistula. Surgery was successful and the dog recovered unremarkably with complete resolution of clinical signs. A contrast urethrogram 1 mo after surgery confirmed the successful ligation and transection of the fistula. Key clinical message: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first clinical report of urethrorectal fistula ligation and transection in a dog with unilateral abdominal cryptorchidism and misdiagnosed anal sac disease. Our findings underscore the importance of a thorough physical examination, history taking, and clinical workup for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of multiple congenital abnormalities.
Topics: Male; Dogs; Animals; Anal Canal; Cryptorchidism; Rectal Fistula; Urinary Fistula; Urethral Diseases; Diagnostic Errors; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37265811
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Clinical Pathology May 2024
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Dog Diseases; Male; Female; Anus Neoplasms
PubMed: 37254032
DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13231 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Oct 2023To evaluate short- and long-term outcomes for dogs undergoing anal sacculectomy for massive (> 5 cm) apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA).
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate short- and long-term outcomes for dogs undergoing anal sacculectomy for massive (> 5 cm) apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA).
ANIMALS
28 client-owned dogs with massive AGASACA.
PROCEDURES
A retrospective multi-institutional study was performed. Pre-, intra-, and post-operative data was collected, and variables were statistically analyzed for associations with progression-free interval (PFI) and overall survival (OS).
RESULTS
At the time of anal sacculectomy, 19 (68%) dogs underwent concurrent iliosacral lymph node extirpation, including 17 of 18 (94%) dogs with suspected nodal metastasis preoperatively. Five (18%) dogs experienced grade 2 intraoperative complications. Ten (36%) dogs experienced postoperative complications, including 1 grade 3 and 1 grade 4 complication. No dogs had permanent fecal incontinence, tenesmus, or anal stenosis. Nineteen dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, or both. Local recurrence occurred in 37% of dogs. Dogs with lymph node metastasis at surgery were more likely than dogs without metastasis to develop new/progressive lymph node metastasis (10/17 [59%] vs 0/10 [0%]; P = .003) and distant metastasis (7/17 [41%] vs 0/10 [0%]; P = .026). Median PFI was 204 days (95% CI, 145 to 392). Median OS was 671 days (95% CI, 225 to upper limit not reached). Nodal metastasis at the time of surgery was associated with shorter PFI (P = .017) but not OS (P = .26). Adjuvant therapy was not associated with outcome.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Dogs with massive AGASACA experienced prolonged survival following anal sacculectomy despite a high incidence of local recurrence and metastasis. Lymph node metastasis at the time of surgery was a negative prognostic indicator for PFI but not OS.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Adenocarcinoma; Anal Gland Neoplasms; Anal Sacs; Apocrine Glands; Dog Diseases; Lymphatic Metastasis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37225157
DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.02.0102 -
Canine Medicine and Genetics May 2023The English Cocker Spaniel (ECS) is a common family dog in the UK. This study aimed to describe demography, morbidity, and mortality in ECS under primary veterinary care...
BACKGROUND
The English Cocker Spaniel (ECS) is a common family dog in the UK. This study aimed to describe demography, morbidity, and mortality in ECS under primary veterinary care in the UK during 2016 using data from the VetCompass™ Programme. This study hypothesised that the prevalence of aggression is higher in male than female ECS, and higher in solid-coloured than bi-coloured ECS.
RESULTS
English Cocker Spaniels comprised 10,313/336,865 (3.06%) of dogs under primary veterinary care during 2016. The median age was 4.57 years (inter-quartile range (IQR) 2.25-8.01) and the median adult bodyweight was 15.05 kg (IQR 13.12-17.35). The annual proportional birth rate was relatively stable between 2.97-3.51% from 2005-2016. The most common specific diagnoses were periodontal disease (n = 486, prevalence 20.97%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 19.31-22.62), otitis externa (n = 234, 10.09%, 95% CI: 8.87-11.32), obesity (n = 229, 9.88%, 95% CI: 8.66-11.09), anal sac impaction (n = 187, 8.07%, 95% CI: 6.96-9.18), diarrhoea (n = 113, 4.87%, 95% CI: 4.00-5.75), and aggression (n = 93, 4.01%, 95% CI: 3.21-4.81). The prevalence of aggression was higher in males (4.95%) than in females (2.87%) (P = 0.015) and in solid-coloured (7.00%) than in bi-coloured dogs (3.66%) (P = 0.010). The median age at death was 11.44 years (IQR 9.46-13.47) and the most common grouped causes of death were neoplasia (n = 10, 9.26%, 95% CI: 3.79-14.73), mass-associated disorders (n = 9, 8.33%, 95% CI: 4.45-15.08), and collapse (n = 8, 7.41%, 95% CI: 3.80-13.94).
CONCLUSIONS
Periodontal disease, otitis externa, and obesity are identified as the most common health issues for ECS, and neoplasia and mass-associated disorders as the most common reasons for death. The prevalence of aggression was higher in males and solid-coloured dogs. The results can aid veterinarians in giving evidence-based health and breed choice information to dog owners and highlights the importance of thorough oral examination and body condition score evaluation during routine veterinary examination of ECS.
PubMed: 37202773
DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00128-x -
International Journal of Surgery Case... May 2023In the literature there is few information on femoral hernias while best surgical approach to groin hernia in women is in recent discussion ([1], [2]). Focused on...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
In the literature there is few information on femoral hernias while best surgical approach to groin hernia in women is in recent discussion ([1], [2]). Focused on femoral hernia our purpose is to present a possible pathway for incarcerated female hernia approach demonstrated on four cases.
CASE PRESENTATION
Four female patients (77-90 y) with suspected incarcerated inguinal unilateral hernia undergoing repair at our department between December 2017 and December 2018 are presented. In three patients emergency laparoscopy by single port approach confirmed incarceration. Bowel was reduced and femoral hernia diagnosed. A TAPP repair was performed. The fourth patient had multiple previous abdominal operations due to anal carcinoma, so laparoscopic approach was not recommended. A transinguinal open approach also showed an incarcerated femoral hernia.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
In case of suspected incarcerated inguinal hernia accurate identification of a femoral hernia is necessary especially in female elderly patients. If possible endoscopic approach is preferred and offers exploration of both sides, checking bowel for vitality and fixing the hernia. If bilateral hernia is present, both sides should be addressed. Surgeons not used to TAPP should perform diagnostic laparoscopy with reduction of hernia sac and check of content and switch to TEP if experienced or open procedure. If open approach is necessary checking for femoral hernia is also mandatory and preperitoneal mesh placement is recommended with or without ligation of inferior epigastric vessels.
CONCLUSION
Femoral hernias in women are not rare and in open repair techniques easily overseen. The endoscopic approach is preferred. With open approach the exploration via transversalis fascia is mandatory.
PubMed: 37094416
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108149 -
Zootaxa Feb 2023A species of Trichotylenchus nematode was isolated from the rhizosphere of banana root in Leizhou City, Guangdong Province, China. The species assumes the following...
A species of Trichotylenchus nematode was isolated from the rhizosphere of banana root in Leizhou City, Guangdong Province, China. The species assumes the following characteristics: open C-shaped body; head offset from body; lateral field with three incisures, pharyngeal and tail regions irregularly areolated; stylet 18.6-20.7 µm long; pharyngeal gland not extending over intestine; fibrous tissue present in the intestine; post-anal intestinal sac present; elongate-subcylindroid tail, bluntly conoid terminus, lack of striations, and containing 34-44 annuli. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was used to elucidate some morphological details, but only some juveniles were observed. Partial 18S rRNA, ITS, and 28S D2-D3 expansion sequences were amplified with universal primers and deposited in GenBank under accession numbers ON622716, ON622717, and ON622714, respectively. Here, this species was identified as T. dispersus [(Siddiqi & Sharma, 1995) Geraert, 2011].
Topics: Animals; Tylenchoidea; Rhizosphere; China; Databases, Nucleic Acid
PubMed: 37045126
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5231.5.4 -
Zootaxa Nov 2022The morphology of larvae of five bubble-nesting Betta species (B. imbellis, B. mahachaiensis, B. siamorientalis, B. smaragdina, and B. splendens) from Thailand was...
The morphology of larvae of five bubble-nesting Betta species (B. imbellis, B. mahachaiensis, B. siamorientalis, B. smaragdina, and B. splendens) from Thailand was described from specimens reared in the laboratory from wild-caught parents. For all species, the mean notochord length (NL) of the larvae ranged from 2.37 to 2.58 mm. Larvae reached the flexion stage within 9-15 days (NL = 3.22-5.21 mm) and the juvenile stage within 40-45 days (standard length = 10.45-12.18 mm). The main characteristics of hatched larvae for all species were an oblong and slightly compressed body, a small and rounded head, an oval to rounded eye, and a yolk sac without oil droplets. Pre-flexion larvae for all species have an oblique, terminal mouth, and pectoral buds begin to develop after day 1. During the post-flexion larval stage, rays for the caudal, dorsal, anal, ventral, and pectoral fins begin to develop. Juveniles have a fully developed ventral fin with 2-3 dorsal, central, and ventral stripes, and a caudal spot. The minimal and maximal myomere number and fin rays differed between species. For all species, there were 1-2 dorsal spines, 7-9 dorsal rays, 9-12 pectoral rays, 1 ventral spine, 4-5 ventral rays, 2-4 anal spines, 22-28 anal rays, and 10-12 caudal rays. The different larval stages also differed in pigmentation patterns between species. Pigmentation patterns on the head (pre-orbital, sub-orbital, post-orbital, and sub-opercular bars) and longitudinal stripes on the side of the body could be used to distinguish between different larval stages as well as different species.
Topics: Animals; Larva; Fishes; Pigmentation; Coleoptera; Mouth; Macropodidae
PubMed: 37044913
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5214.1.4 -
Veterinary Research Forum : An... 2023Volatile compounds of anal sac secretions are odorant chemicals used across the carnivores for social communication such as identifying individuals and group membership....
Volatile compounds of anal sac secretions are odorant chemicals used across the carnivores for social communication such as identifying individuals and group membership. Odor profiles taken from expressed anal sac secretions of some species of carnivores have been detected in previous studies. In this study, the volatile compounds of anal sac secretions between five male and five female domestic dogs () were compared. Volatile chemicals were extracted, separated, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid-phase micro-extraction and identified from their electron ionization mass spectra and Kovats retention indices. The results showed the presence of various types of compounds including organic fatty acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters, and alcohols in the anal sac secretions of dogs. Greater amounts of diversity and esters, and lower amounts of alcohols were detected in the anal sac secretions of females compared to males. This was accompanied by finding citrate and acetic acid ester only in the females. Furthermore, presence of some sex-specific organic compounds like dimethylcyclopentyl ethanone indicates that the volatile profiles of anal sac secretions in 10 domestic dogs are differentiated by host sex.
PubMed: 37033781
DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1983063.3714 -
Analytical Chemistry Apr 2023Fine particulates (FPs) are a major class of airborne pollutants. In mammals, FPs may reach the alveoli through the respiratory system, cross the air-blood barrier,...
Fine particulates (FPs) are a major class of airborne pollutants. In mammals, FPs may reach the alveoli through the respiratory system, cross the air-blood barrier, spread into other organs, and induce hazardous effects. Although birds have much higher respiratory risks to FPs than mammals, the biological fate of inhaled FPs in birds has rarely been explored. Herein, we attempted to disclose the key properties that dictate the lung penetration of nanoparticles (NPs) by visualizing a library of 27 fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) in chicken embryos. The FNP library was prepared by combinational chemistry to tune their compositions, morphologies, sizes, and surface charges. These NPs were injected into the lungs of chicken embryos for dynamic imaging of their distributions by IVIS Spectrum. FNPs with diameters <16 nm could cross the air-blood barrier in 20 min, spread into the blood, and accumulate in the yolk sac. In contrast, large FNPs (>30 nm) were mainly retained in the lungs and rarely detected in other tissues/organs. In addition to size, surface charge was the secondary determinant for NPs to cross the air-blood barrier. Compared to cationic and anionic particles, neutrally charged FNPs showed the fastest lung penetration. A predictive model was therefore developed to rank the lung penetration capability of FNPs by analysis. The predictions could be well validated in chicks by oropharyngeal exposure to six FNPs. Overall, our study discovered the key properties of NPs that are responsible for their lung penetration and established a predictive model that will greatly facilitate respiratory risk assessments of nanoproducts.
Topics: Chick Embryo; Animals; Chickens; Blood-Air Barrier; Nanoparticles; Lung; Coloring Agents; Particle Size; Mammals
PubMed: 37005435
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00034