-
Journal of Fish Biology Feb 2023Allometric growth is a common feature during fish larval development. It has been proposed as a growth strategy to prioritize the development of body segments related to...
Allometric growth is a common feature during fish larval development. It has been proposed as a growth strategy to prioritize the development of body segments related to primordial functions like feeding and swimming to increase the probability of survival during this critical period. In the present study we evaluated the allometric growth patterns of body segments associated to swimming and feeding during the larval stages of Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru. The larvae were kept under intensive culture conditions and sampled every day from hatching until day 33 after hatching. Each larva was classified according to its developmental stage into yolk-sac larva, preflexion larva, flexion larva or postflexion larva, measured and the allometric growth coefficient of different body segments was evaluated using the potential model. Based on the results we can infer the presence of different ontogenetic priorities during the first developmental stages associated with vital functions like swimming during the yolk-sac stage [total length (TL) interval = 2.27-3.005 mm] and feeding during the preflexion stage (TL interval = 3.007-5.60 mm) by promoting the accelerated growth of tail (post anal) and head, respectively. In the flexion stage (TL interval = 5.61-7.62 mm) a change in growth coefficients of most body segments compared to the previous stage was detected, suggesting a shift in growth priorities. Finally, in the postflexion stage (TL interval = 7.60-15.48 mm) a clear tendency to isometry in most body segments was observed, suggesting that growth priorities have been fulfilled and the larvae will initiate with the transformation into a juvenile. These results provide a framework of the larval growth of L. peru in culture conditions which can be useful for comparative studies with other species or in aquaculture to evaluate the changes in larval growth due to new conditions or feeding protocols.
Topics: Animals; Peru; Fishes; Perciformes; Larva; Yolk Sac
PubMed: 36433741
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15279 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Oct 2022The management of dural tears is important. While a massive dura can be repaired with absorbable suture lines, cerebrospinal fluid leakage can be attenuated by dural...
BACKGROUND
The management of dural tears is important. While a massive dura can be repaired with absorbable suture lines, cerebrospinal fluid leakage can be attenuated by dural sealant when an unintended tiny durotomy occurs intraoperatively. DuraSeal is often used because it can expand to seal tears. This case emphasizes the need for caution when DuraSeal is used as high expansion can cause complications following microlaminectomy.
CASE SUMMARY
A 77-year-old woman presented with L2/3 and L3/4 lateral recess stenosis. She underwent microlaminectomy, foraminal decompression, and disk height restoration using an IntraSPINE device. A tiny incident durotomy occurred intraoperatively and was sealed using DuraSeal. However, decreased muscle power, urinary incontinence, and absence of anal reflexes were observed postoperatively. Emergent magnetic resonance imaging revealed fluid collection causing thecal sac indentation and central canal compression. Surgical exploration revealed that the gel-like DuraSeal had entrapped the hematoma and, consequently, compressed the thecal sac and nerve roots. While we removed all DuraSeal and exposed the nerve root, the patient's neurological function did not recover postoperatively.
CONCLUSION
DuraSeal expansion must not be underestimated. Changes in neurological status require investigation for cauda equina syndrome due to expansion.
PubMed: 36338214
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.11178 -
Analytical Chemistry Nov 2022Recently, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been used to construct biosensors for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). However, most nanozymes...
Recently, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been used to construct biosensors for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). However, most nanozymes including SACs are peroxidase-like enzymes and require highly toxic and unstable hydrogen peroxide (HO) as a co-reactant to generate reactive oxygen species. Inspired by the heme site of cytochrome oxidases (Cos), the construction of Fe-N-coordinated SACs by introducing axial N ligands is expected to bind O to generate active metal-oxygen intermediates. Herein, a SAC with an Fe-N active center confined by hierarchically porous carbon nanoframes (Fe SAs/N-pC-4) was prepared by a polymerization-pyrolysis-evaporation-etching strategy, and its underlying enzyme-like mechanism was uncovered through experiments and density functional theory calculations. The 100% metal atom utilization, increased accessible active sites, accelerated mass transfer, excellent hydrophilicity, and an electron-driven mechanism of axial N endow the SAC with enhanced oxidase-like activity. Notably, its catalytic rate constant (0.398 s) is 569 times greater than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Similar to the catalytic mechanism of Cos, O can be converted into reactive oxygen species, avoiding the use of co-reactant HO effectively. In addition, based on the inhibitory effect of thiols on the active site of Fe SAs/N-pC-4, a biosensor was constructed and applied to the colorimetric analysis of OPs. This provides a facile, cost-effective method for efficient OP screening at sites to help control their contamination.
Topics: Oxidoreductases; Catalytic Domain; Hydrogen Peroxide; Porosity; Pesticides; Organophosphorus Compounds; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 36301922
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02540 -
Journal of Fish Biology Jan 2023The initial development of the red-bellied pacu Piaractus brachypomus is described using morphological, meristic and morphometric characteristics. A total of 127...
The initial development of the red-bellied pacu Piaractus brachypomus is described using morphological, meristic and morphometric characteristics. A total of 127 individuals were analysed (47 in the yolk-sac, 35 in pre-flexion, five in flexion, 20 in post-flexion and 20 in juvenile) with standard length varying between 2.92 and 48.61 mm. The larvae are born poorly developed and have a discoidal yolk at ~6.33 mm standard length. During early ontogeny, the mouth passes from terminal to subterminal and the anal opening reaches the vertical line over the midline region of the body. There are changes in body shape from long and moderate to deep, head length from small to large, and eye diameter from moderate to large. Dendritic chromatophores were present in the ventral, dorsal and upper part of the swim bladder in the early larval stages. Rounded spots are evident all over the body in juveniles. The total number of myomeres ranges from 39 to 41 (20-23 pre-anal, 17-20 post-anal). Through the morphometric relationships, it was evidenced that the greatest changes during the initial ontogeny of P. brachypomus occur in the transition from the post-flexion stage to the juvenile period, indicating changes in behaviour, foraging and physiology.
Topics: Animals; Characiformes; Brazil; Larva; Yolk Sac
PubMed: 36254969
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15253 -
Analytical Chemistry Oct 2022Great enthusiasm in single-atom catalysts for various catalytic reactions continues to heat up. However, the poor activity of the existing single/dual-metal-atom...
Great enthusiasm in single-atom catalysts for various catalytic reactions continues to heat up. However, the poor activity of the existing single/dual-metal-atom catalysts does not meet the actual requirement. In this scenario, the precise design of triple-metal-atom catalysts is vital but still challenging. Here, a triple-atom site catalyst of FeCoZn catalyst coordinated with S and N, which is doped in the carbon matrix (named FeCoZn-TAC/SNC), is designed. The FeCoZn catalyst can mimic the activity of oxidase by activating O into O radicals by virtue of its atomically dispersed metal active sites. Employing this characteristic, triple-atom catalysts can become a great driving force for the development of novel biosensors featuring adequate sensitivity. First, the property of FeCoZn catalyst as an oxidase-like nanozyme was explored. The obtained FeCoZn-TAC/SNC shows remarkably enhanced catalytic performance than that of FeCoZn-TAC/NC and single/dual-atom site catalysts (FeZn, CoZn, FeCo-DAC/NC and Fe, Zn, Co-SAC/NC) because of trimetallic sites, demonstrating the synergistic effect. Further, the utility of the oxidase-like FeCoZn-TAC/SNC in biosensor field is evaluated by the colorimetric sensing of ascorbic acid. The nanozyme sensor shows a wide concentration range from 0.01 to 90 μM and an excellent detection limit of 6.24 nM. The applicability of the nanozyme sensor in biologically relevant detection was further proved in serum. The implementation of TAC in colorimetric detection holds vast promise for further development of biomedical research and clinical diagnosis.
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Carbon; Catalysis; Colorimetry; Metals; Oxidoreductases
PubMed: 36194751
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02853 -
Analytical Chemistry Oct 2022Ni single-atom catalysts (SACs) were synthesized by high-temperature calcination of nickel ions and 1,10-phenanthroline on carbon black as a carrier. Benefiting from the...
Ni single-atom catalysts (SACs) were synthesized by high-temperature calcination of nickel ions and 1,10-phenanthroline on carbon black as a carrier. Benefiting from the ultrahigh atom utilization efficiency, Ni SACs can significantly accelerate decay of dissolved oxygen to generate abundant reactive oxygen species through an oxygen reduction reaction occurring on cathodes. The generated reactive oxygen species can vastly enhance the electrochemiluminescent (ECL) signal of luminol without participation of exogenous co-reactants. To overcome the inherent unfavorable aqueous dispersibility of Ni SACs prepared by the calcination protocol, they were functionalized with highly hydrophilic PEG 2000. Thanks to the abundant carboxyl groups on PEG 2000, the PEGylated Ni SACs (Ni@PEG) can be used as ECL probes to tag biorecognition molecules. In this proof-of-principle work, an ECL biosensor for assaying methicillin-resistant was developed by using porcine IgG as capture molecule and phage cell-binding domain tagged with Ni@PEG as signal tracer. It shows a broad linear range of 73-7.3 × 10 CFU/mL and a low detection limit of 25 CFU/mL. The recovery values for assaying spiked samples are between 80.8 and 119.2%. It was also utilized to assess MRSA susceptibility to four antibiotics, with results consistent with those obtained by the standard broth microdilution technique. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to utilize aqueous dispersible SACs as highly sensitive ECL probes for developing biosensors.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biosensing Techniques; Immunoglobulin G; Luminescent Measurements; Luminol; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Nickel; Oxygen; Polyethylene Glycols; Reactive Oxygen Species; Soot; Swine
PubMed: 36179113
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03546 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Oct 2022The role of c-KIT receptor in anal sac gland adenocarcinoma (ASGAC) is unclear despite its importance in the development of tumours. In this preliminary study, the...
The role of c-KIT receptor in anal sac gland adenocarcinoma (ASGAC) is unclear despite its importance in the development of tumours. In this preliminary study, the expression of c-KIT was investigated in rarely observed canine ASGAC. The potential use of CAM5.2 in distinguishing ASGAC from perianal gland tumours was also evaluated. ASGAC was diagnosed in five out of 25 examined perianal tumours. By immunohistochemistry, cytosolic (abnormal) c-KIT expression was seen in four of the five cases. CAM5.2 immunoreactivity was detected in neoplastic cells of all ASGAC cases examined, whereas it was not evident in any case of perianal gland tumour. The findings suggest that c-KIT expression and its cellular localization may be important in the oncogenesis of ASGAC and CAM5.2 can be used to distinguish between ASGAC and perianal gland tumours.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anal Gland Neoplasms; Anal Sacs; Animals; Biomarkers; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Keratins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
PubMed: 36116891
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.07.010 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Sep 2022To report intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications associated with removal of metastatic iliosacral lymph nodes in dogs with apocrine gland anal sac...
OBJECTIVE
To report intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications associated with removal of metastatic iliosacral lymph nodes in dogs with apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma.
ANIMALS
There were 136 client-owned dogs in the study.
PROCEDURE
Retrospective multi-institutional study. The database of collaborating institutions was searched for dogs with metastatic apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma that underwent lymphadenectomy for removal of one or more iliosacral lymph nodes. Information of signalment, hematological abnormalities, abdominal computed tomography or ultrasound findings, number and size of enlarged lymph nodes, intraoperative and postoperative complications, treatment and outcome were collected.
RESULTS
The overall complication rate associated with metastatic iliosacral lymphadenectomy was 26.1%. The only intraoperative complication recorded was hemorrhage and was reported in 24 (17.6%) surgeries, 11 (45.8%) of which received a blood transfusion. Postoperative complications were reported in 10.4% of surgeries, and included edema formation ( = 4, 2.6%), unilateral or bilateral paraparesis ( = 4, 2.6%), hypotension ( = 3, 2.0%), surgical site infection ( = 2, 1.3%), abdominal incision dehiscence ( = 1, 0.6%), urinary incontinence ( = 1, 0.6%), and death ( = 1, 0.6%). The size of the iliosacral lymph nodes was significantly associated with a greater risk of complications, hemorrhage, and the need of transfusion during lymphadenectomy for metastatic apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma.
CONCLUSION
Complications associated with iliosacral lymphadenectomy for metastatic apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma are relatively common and mostly relate to hemorrhage. These complications are significantly associated with the size of the extirpated metastatic lymph nodes.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This retrospective study provides information for the clinician regarding the potential surgical complications for extirpation of metastatic iliosacral lymph nodes. These complications, although not common, can be severe and should be discussed with owners before surgery.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anal Gland Neoplasms; Anal Sacs; Animals; Apocrine Glands; Bone Neoplasms; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Lymph Node Excision; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36060485
DOI: No ID Found -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Nov 2022Food selection is an area of dog ownership where owners have direct control over their pet's wellbeing. While commercial cooked complete foods remain the majority...
INTRODUCTION
Food selection is an area of dog ownership where owners have direct control over their pet's wellbeing. While commercial cooked complete foods remain the majority component of many dog diets, there is increasing interest in alternative options including natural and raw ingredients. This study aimed to provide further data regarding feeding practices and diet choice for UK dog owners with a focus on raw meat diets.
METHODS
An online survey available to all UK dog owners and advertised through sources including social media and at Crufts was conducted from February to March 2020. Feeding practices and diet choice were assessed, and owners were categorised as either feeding a raw meat diet (RMD) or non-raw diet (NRMD) based on their responses. Descriptive, univariable and multivariable data analyses were undertaken to determine dog and owner factors associated with feeding RMD, and thematic analysis was undertaken on free-text responses.
RESULTS
A total of 1831 owners completed the survey (915 RMD, 916 NRMD) detailing information for 3212 dogs (1754 RMD, 1458 NRMD). Dog breed (German Shepherd), Border Collie, Crossbreed (p < 0.001), entire neuter status (p < 0.001) and younger age (p 0.022) were associated with RMD feeding. RMD-feeding owners were likely to own > 1 dog (p < 0.001). RMD-feeding owners were more likely to cite a 'more natural' diet as a reason for their diet choice, and less likely to cite 'advice from a veterinary professional' compared to those who fed NRMD (p < 0.001). They were more likely to seek dietary advice from social media, friends/family and breeders rather than a veterinary surgeon/nurse (p < 0.001). RMD-feeding owners perceived their diet choice to provide a wide range of health benefits, including for coat health, oral hygiene, general digestive system health, anal sac clearance, mobility, performance and behaviour, and perceived NRMD as a health risk for most of these health factors (p < 0.001). NRMD-feeding owners perceived RMD to be a risk for bone splinters and foreign bodies (p < 0.001). RMD-feeding owners did not perceive diet to be a risk to their dog, themselves or in-contact dogs or people. In contrast, NRMD-feeding owners perceived the opposite (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Factors affecting dog food selection are multifactorial and complex, with owners who feed RMD and those who feed NRMD having differing views. Further research regarding benefits and risks of different diets is required, however it remains vital that communication regarding the public health risks of RMD is seen as credible to owners and disseminated in a way that reaches the desired audience.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Animal Feed; Food Preferences; Diet; Meat; Meals; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom
PubMed: 35994979
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105741