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Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine May 2024
PubMed: 38699760
DOI: 10.1177/02537176231199210 -
European Journal of Ophthalmology May 2024To investigate the features of the anterior segment structures in neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and analyze its differences from primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).
PURPOSES
To investigate the features of the anterior segment structures in neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and analyze its differences from primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).
METHODS
This study included patients who were first diagnosed with monocular NVG and PACG at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University during August 2019 to June 2022. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was used to measure the anterior segment parameters of those eyes, including anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), anterior chamber area (ACA), iris area (IA), maximum iris thickness (IT), middle iris thickness (IT), iris curvature (IC), lens vault (LV), angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular iris angle (TIA), trabecular-iris space area (TISA) and peripheral anterior synechia (PAS) length.
RESULTS
In this study, paired samples t-test showed that IA [1.170(0.324) mm], IT [0.368(0.079) mm], IT [0.280(0.062) mm] and IC [0.147(0.037) mm] of NVG were smaller than F-NVG [2.058(0.195) mm, 0.611(0.045) mm, 0.415(0.049) mm and 0.272(0.077) mm], the AOD, TIA, and TISA of NVG were also smaller than F-NVG. Independent samples t-test showed that ACD [2.349(0.350) mm] and ACA [16.326(3.547) mm] of NVG were larger than PACG [1.971(0.240) mm, 12.030(1.860) mm], but the IA [1.170(0.324) mm], IT [0.368(0.079) mm], IT [0.280(0.062) mm], IC [0.147(0.037) mm] and LV [0.436(0.172 mm)] were smaller than PACG [1.740(0.294) mm, 0.548(0.084) mm, 0.404(0.065) mm, 0.283(0.060) mm and 0.737(0.196) mm]. Among the 16 patients with 360° angle-closure NVG, the PAS length was 0.834 (0.326) mm, which exceeded the Schwalbe line.
CONCLUSION
In NVG, the iris is atrophied, thinned, and straight, while the ACD is normal or slightly shallow. In 360° angle-closure NVG, the PAS length exceeds the Schwalbe line, presenting a pseudo angle phenomenon and a hockey stick sign. Notably, the anterior segment structure morphology of NVG exhibit differences from those of PACG.
PubMed: 38693770
DOI: 10.1177/11206721241252476 -
Clinical Case Reports May 2024The occurrence of acute angle closure with posterior displacement of the lens is rare compared with that of anterior dislocation; however, several studies have reported...
The occurrence of acute angle closure with posterior displacement of the lens is rare compared with that of anterior dislocation; however, several studies have reported its occurrence.
PubMed: 38689687
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8855 -
BMC Ophthalmology Apr 2024This study aims to investigate the morphologic features of the crystalline lens in Primary Angle Closure Disease (PACD) patients with zonular instability during cataract...
Zonular instability-associated morphologic features in eyes with primary angle closure disease using the swept-source anterior segment - optical coherence tomography system.
BACKGROUND
This study aims to investigate the morphologic features of the crystalline lens in Primary Angle Closure Disease (PACD) patients with zonular instability during cataract surgery using the swept-source CASIA 2 Anterior Segment-Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) system.
METHODS
A total of 398 eyes (125 PACD eyes with zonular instability, 133 PACD eyes with zonular stability, and 140 cataract patient controls) of 398 patients who underwent cataract surgery combined or not glaucoma surgery between January 2021 and January 2023 were enrolled. The crystalline lens parameters were measured by CASIA2 AS-OCT. Then, logistic regression was performed to evaluate the risk factors associated with zonular instability.
RESULTS
The results revealed that PACD eyes had a more anterior lens equator position, a steeper anterior curvature of lens, shorter Axial Length (AL), shallower Anterior Chamber Distance (ACD), higher Lens Vault (LV) and thicker Lens Thickness (LT), when compared to eyes in the cataract control group. Furthermore, PACD eyes in the zonular instability group had steeper front R, front Rs and Front Rf, flatter back Rf, thicker lens anterior part thickness, higher lens anterior-to-posterior part thickness ratios, shallower ACD, and greater LV, when compared to PACD eyes with zonular stability. The logistic regression analysis, which was adjusted for age and gender, revealed that zonular instability was positively correlated with anterior part thickness, lens anterior-to-posterior part thickness ratio, and LV, but was negatively correlated with lens anterior radius and ACD.
CONCLUSION
Steeper anterior curvature, increased lens anterior part thickness, higher anterior-to-posterior part thickness ratio, shallower ACD, and greater LV are the anatomic features of PACD eyes associated with zonular instability.
Topics: Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Female; Male; Aged; Middle Aged; Anterior Eye Segment; Lens, Crystalline; Retrospective Studies; Intraocular Pressure; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 38684941
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03462-1 -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Apr 2024Glaucoma patients frequently present with depressive symptoms, the development of which is closely associated with amygdalar activity. However, no studies to date have...
BACKGROUND
Glaucoma patients frequently present with depressive symptoms, the development of which is closely associated with amygdalar activity. However, no studies to date have documented glaucoma-related changes in the functional connectivity (FC) of the amygdala. Accordingly, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analyses were herein used to evaluate changes in amygdalar FC in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients.
METHODS
In total, this study enrolled 36 PACG patients and 33 healthy controls (HCs). Complete eye exams were conducted for all PACG patients. After the preprocessing of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, the bilateral amygdala was selected as a seed point, followed by the comparison of resting-state FC between the PACG and HC groups. Then, those brain regions exhibiting significant differences between these groups were identified, and relationships between the FC coefficient values for these regions and clinical variables of interest were assessed.
RESULTS
These analyses revealed that as compared to HC individuals, PACG patients exhibited reductions in FC between the amygdala and the cerebellum_8, vermis_4_5, anterior central gyrus, supplementary motor area, paracentral lobule, putamen, middle frontal gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus, while enhanced FC was detected between the right and left amygdala. No significant correlations between these changes in amygdalar any any disease-related clinical parameters or disease duration were noted.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with PACG exhibit extensive resting state abnormalities with respect to the FC between the amygdala and other regions of the brain, suggesting that dysregulated amygdalar FC may play a role in the pathophysiology of PACG.
Topics: Humans; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Amygdala; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Aged; Connectome; Nerve Net
PubMed: 38682218
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2304075 -
Ophthalmology. Glaucoma Apr 2024To identify and quantify medications causing angle-closure glaucoma through the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
OBJECTIVE
To identify and quantify medications causing angle-closure glaucoma through the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
DESIGN
National retrospective database analysis.
SUBJECTS
There were 11 737 133 total adverse event reports from the FDA Federal Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database 2004 to third quarter of 2023 (2023Q3), which included 1629 reports of angle-closure glaucoma.
METHODS
Drugs associated with reports of angle-closure glaucoma were identified in FAERS through disproportionality analysis MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: To ascertain if these reports yielded statistically significant signals, we used the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM), and information component (IC). We considered a signal to be detected when all 4 disproportionality analysis metrics were positive.
RESULTS
We identified a total of 1629 adverse event reports linked to 611 suspected drugs over the course of 20 years (2004-2023Q3). Frequently reported drugs included topiramate (520 reports) and citalopram (69 reports), amongst many others. Eighteen medications yielded a positive signal, including lesser-known medications like olanzapine, phentermine, and ranibizumab. Tropicamide exhibited the most robust statistical significance (n = 18; PRR: 164.263; ROR [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 167.95 [104.994-268.655]; EBGM [EBGM05]: 162.421 [109.5]; IC [IC05]: 7.344 [4.591]), while acetazolamide was the second strongest (n = 51; PRR: 113.088; ROR 95% CI: 114.782 [86.665-152.021]; EBGM [EBGM05]: 109.506 [86.501]; IC [IC05]: 6.775 [5.115]).
CONCLUSIONS
Drug-induced glaucoma included both well-known medications such as topiramate as well as lesser-known medications such as olanzapine, phentermine, and ranibizumab. Clinician awareness of these findings is important.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S)
Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
PubMed: 38679326
DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2024.04.006 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024This study investigated the association between apolipoprotein E () gene polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and...
This study investigated the association between apolipoprotein E () gene polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) in a Saudi cohort. Genotyping of 437 DNA samples (251 controls, 92 PACG, 94 PXG) was conducted using PCR-based Sanger sequencing. The results showed no significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of rs429358 and rs7412 between the PACG/PXG cases and controls. Haplotype analysis revealed ε3 as predominant, followed by ε4 and ε2 alleles, with no significant variance in PACG/PXG. However, genotype analysis indicated a significant association between ε2-carriers and PACG (odds ratio = 4.82, 95% CI 1.52-15.26, = 0.007), whereas no notable association was observed with PXG. Logistic regression confirmed ε2-carriers as a significant predictor for PACG ( = 0.008), while age emerged as significant for PXG ( < 0.001). These findings suggest a potential role of ε2-carriers in PACG risk within the Saudi cohort. Further validation and larger-scale investigations are essential to elucidate the precise role of in PACG pathogenesis and progression.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Alleles; Apolipoprotein E2; Case-Control Studies; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Haplotypes; Heterozygote; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; Saudi Arabia
PubMed: 38674156
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084571 -
Journal of Cataract and Refractive... Apr 2024To investigate the long-term astigmatism after combined non-penetrating glaucoma surgery (NPGS) and implantation of the first miniaturized suprachoroidal intraocular...
PURPOSE
To investigate the long-term astigmatism after combined non-penetrating glaucoma surgery (NPGS) and implantation of the first miniaturized suprachoroidal intraocular pressure (IOP) sensor EYEMATE-SC.
SETTING
The study was conducted in five medical centers in two different countries.
DESIGN
Retrospective multicenter clinical study.
METHODS
Astigmatism of patients instrumented with the EYEMATE-SC IOP sensor was assessed over a follow-up period of three years. Refraction and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were obtained preoperatively, after 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years. A canaloplasty-operated patient cohort served as control. Astigmatism was evaluated using 3-dimensional power vector analysis involving the spherical equivalent M, and the Jackson crossed cylinder projections J0 and J45. Exclusion criteria included neovascular and angle-closure glaucoma, myopia, axial length outside 22 to 26 mm, other ocular diseases, prior glaucoma surgery, other ocular surgery within 6 months (cataract surgery within 3 months) prior to NPGS, serious generalized conditions, and other active medical head/neck implants.
RESULTS
Multivariate analysis indicated no changes in astigmatism along the observation period in both the EYEMATE-SC (n = 24) and the canaloplasty (n = 24) group (P > 0.05 or nonsignificant after Bonferroni correction). Astigmatism was unchanged between the EYEMATE-SC and the canaloplasty group at all time points (P > 0.05). CDVA didn't change along the observation period of three years in each of both groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Despite its suprachoroidal localization, the present study indicates that the miniaturized EYEMATE-SC IOP sensor doesn't negatively affect the long-term astigmatism after combined implantation with NPGS.
PubMed: 38662577
DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001470 -
Acute Myopic Shift after a Single Dose of Acetazolamide: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Klinische Monatsblatter Fur... Apr 2024We report the case of a 32-year-old male who presented with an acute myopic shift as a result of uveal effusion following a single administration of 250 mg... (Review)
Review
We report the case of a 32-year-old male who presented with an acute myopic shift as a result of uveal effusion following a single administration of 250 mg acetazolamide. The drug was discontinued and following cycloplegia and topical steroid therapy, we observed progressive deepening of the anterior chamber, reopening of the iridocorneal angle, and complete resolution of the myopic shift after 5 days. A literature review since 1956 identified 23 cases, including ours, which developed a myopic shift after a median time of 24 h (3 - 24) following a median dose of 500 mg (125 - 1000) acetazolamide, with about a third complicated by angle closure ocular hypertension. This presumed idiosyncratic reaction can occur without prior drug exposure and independent of the phakic status. Treatment options include systematic drug withdrawal associated with cycloplegia, anti-glaucomatous agents, and/or corticosteroids. Full recovery is achieved within about 5 days (2 - 14). Given the widespread use of acetazolamide, awareness of this idiosyncratic reaction is crucial to avoid complications of acute angle-closure glaucoma.
Topics: Humans; Acetazolamide; Male; Adult; Myopia; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Acute Disease; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38653306
DOI: 10.1055/a-2244-6160 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024Angle-closure glaucoma is a common type of glaucoma in Asian populations. However, the role of inflammatory cytokines in angle-closure glaucoma is yet to be elucidated....
INTRODUCTION
Angle-closure glaucoma is a common type of glaucoma in Asian populations. However, the role of inflammatory cytokines in angle-closure glaucoma is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-12 in the aqueous humor of patients with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG) and elucidate the correlations between IL-4 and IL-12 concentrations in the aqueous humor, the degree of visual field defects, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with CPACG.
METHODS
Aqueous humor samples were obtained from 31 patients diagnosed with CPACG at the Shaoxing People's Hospital between April 2022 and March 2023 and from 30 individuals with cataract (control). Based on the degree of the mean defect (MD), patients were divided into three groups: group A (MD ≤ -6dB, n= 10), group B (-6dB< MD< -12dB, n= 9), and group C (MD ≥ - 12dB, n= 12). RNFL thickness was measured using an optical coherence tomograph, and the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-12 in the aqueous humor were measured using Luminex technology.
RESULTS
Aqueous humor concentration of IL-4 was significantly higher ( = 0.036) in the CPACG group than in the cataract group. However, there was no significant difference ( > 0.05) in IL- 12 concentration between the two groups. Additionally, there were no significant differences ( > 0.05) in IL-4 and IL-12 levels among patients with varying degrees of visual field defects (groups A, B, and C). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that IL-4 and IL-12 concentrations were not correlated ( > 0.05) with RNFL thickness around the optic disc and the degree of visual field defects.
DISCUSSION
Conclusively, IL-4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CPACG. Given that IL-4 and IL-12 concentrations in the aqueous humor were not significantly correlated with RNFL thickness and the degree of visual field defects, the increase in IL-4 and IL-12 expression may not induce apoptosis and loss of retinal ganglion cells or affect RNFL thickness as well as the degree of visual field defects.
PubMed: 38651060
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1323829