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International Journal of Dermatology Apr 2022
Topics: Biotinidase Deficiency; Blepharitis; Cheilitis; Humans; Lip Diseases; Male
PubMed: 34416014
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15875 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021Oral candidosis is the most common fungal infection that frequently occurs in patients debilitated by other diseases or conditions. No candidosis happens without a... (Review)
Review
Oral candidosis is the most common fungal infection that frequently occurs in patients debilitated by other diseases or conditions. No candidosis happens without a cause; hence oral candidosis has been branded as a disease of the diseased. Prior research has identified oral candidosis as a mark of systemic diseases, such as hematinic deficiency, diabetes mellitus, leukopenia, HIV/AIDS, malignancies, and carbohydrate-rich diet, drugs, or immunosuppressive conditions. An array of interaction between and the host is dynamic and complex. exhibits multifaceted strategies for growth, proliferation, evasion of host defenses, and survival within the host to induce fungal infection. Oral candidosis presents a variety of clinical forms, including pseudomembranous candidosis, erythematous candidosis, angular cheilitis, median rhomboid glossitis, cheilocandidosis, juxtavermillion candidosis, mucocutaneous candidosis, hyperplastic candidosis, oropharyngeal candidosis, and rare suppurative candidosis. The prognosis is usually favorable, but treatment failure or recurrence is common due to either incorrect diagnosis, missing other pathology, inability to address underlying risk factors, or inaccurate prescription of antifungal agents. In immunocompromised patients, oropharyngeal candidosis can spread to the bloodstream or upper gastrointestinal tract, leading to potentially lethal systemic candidosis. This review therefore describes oral candidosis with regard to its pathophysiology and best practice for diagnosis, practical classification, and successful management.
PubMed: 34356934
DOI: 10.3390/jof7070555 -
Journal of Dental Research Nov 2021This is the first update of the previously published living systematic review that summarized evidence on the prevalence of oral signs and symptoms in patients with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This is the first update of the previously published living systematic review that summarized evidence on the prevalence of oral signs and symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Hitherto, 183 studies were included, reporting data from 64,876 patients with COVID-19 worldwide. The overall prevalence of taste disorders was 38% (95% CI = 22% to 56%, = 98%). Hypogeusia, dysgeusia, and ageusia were also evaluated by a meta-analysis, and the pooled prevalence was 34% for hypogeusia, 33% for dysgeusia, and 26% for ageusia. Taste disorders were associated with a positive COVID-19 test (odds ratio [OR] = 7.54, 95% CI = 5.24 to 10.86, = 93%, < 0.00001), showing high certainty of evidence. However, the association between taste disorders and mild/moderate severity of COVID-19 (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.33 to 1.99, = 69%, < 0.0001) and female patients with COVID-19 (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.26 to 2.48, = 79%, = 0.001) presented low certainty of evidence. Xerostomia was a new feature of this update, and the pooled data demonstrated a prevalence of 43% (95% CI = 36% to 50%, = 71%) in patients with COVID-19. Regarding oral mucosal lesions, the most common clinical pattern was aphthous like, followed by herpes-like lesions, candidiasis, glossitis/depapillation/geographic tongue, parotitis, and angular cheilitis. Oral lesions were more frequent in the tongue, lips, and palate, presenting miscellaneous clinical aspects that are more likely to represent coinfections. Therefore, the reanalysis of current evidence suggests the triad xerostomia, taste dysfunction, and oral mucosal lesions as common manifestations in patients with COVID-19. However, these outcomes are under discussion, and more studies will be necessary to confirm their association with direct SARS-CoV-2 infection in the oral cavity.
Topics: Ageusia; COVID-19; Female; Humans; Prevalence; SARS-CoV-2; Taste Disorders
PubMed: 34324825
DOI: 10.1177/00220345211029637 -
International Journal of Dermatology Feb 2022Syphilis is the oldest sexually transmitted infectious disease in humanity. In the last decades, it was noted the re-emergence of the disease, and actually it remains an...
BACKGROUND
Syphilis is the oldest sexually transmitted infectious disease in humanity. In the last decades, it was noted the re-emergence of the disease, and actually it remains an important public health problem. Oral mucosa could be affected by the infection. Oral manifestations are commonly associated with secondary syphilis. It was described that the labial commissure could be involved as a split papule, also known as false cheilitis (FC). However, this clinical manifestation is poorly described in current literature.
AIM
This brief report aims to determine the frequency of FC in patients diagnosed with secondary syphilis in our institution during the period 2009-2019.
MATERIAL & METHODS
A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using the medical records of the Oral Medicine Department, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. The cases included were patients with provisional diagnosis of secondary syphilis with oral manifestations, confirmed by laboratory tests. Collection of clinical and serological data was performed. Absolute and relative values were obtained.
RESULTS
In this study, 58 patients (26 males and 32 females) with an average age of 34.70 years old were included. The frequency of false cheilitis in these patients was 13% (8/58). All these patients with false cheilitis and secondary syphilis were young females with an average age of 25.12 years old. These lesions presented as angular cheilitis with an unilateral pattern with painful fissured papules associated with other oral lesions such as fissures, intraoral papules, tongue depapillation, white or red plaques, and the evidence of submandibular lymphadenopathies when examining the head and neck region.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that when angular cheilitis presents in young females as a painful, unilateral lesion, in the clinical context of other lesions and lymphadenopathies in the head and neck region, it could represent a suspicious clinical sign of syphilis. Considering the global re-emergence of sexually transmitted diseases, dentists should be aware of the oral clinical manifestations of syphilis as they play a significant role in the early detection of these conditions.
Topics: Adult; Cheilitis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Mouth Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Syphilis
PubMed: 34289093
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15787 -
Case Reports in Ophthalmological... 2021The aim is to report an atypical presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis which led to the diagnosis of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). . The 38-year-old woman...
BACKGROUND
The aim is to report an atypical presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis which led to the diagnosis of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). . The 38-year-old woman was referred with metamorphopsia and reduced vision in the right eye over the past 3 weeks. Slit-lamp examination revealed granulomatous keratic precipitates (KPs), 2+ cells in the anterior chamber, and posterior synechiae. Fundus examination was remarkable for a white patch surrounding a scar, inferonasal to the optic disc with fibrous bands emanating from the lesion, and the retina around this region was detached with considerable extension towards the periphery, while no breaks could be appreciated. She mentioned anorexia and losing 10 kg in the past three months, and signs of anemia like paleness of face skin, bed nails, and bilateral angular cheilitis were observed on systemic evaluation. The results of the patient's complete blood count revealed anemia and leukopenia and CD4 lymphocytes: 79 cells/L. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for HIV antibodies came back positive which was later confirmed with the Western blot test. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple ring-enhancing lesions in both cerebral cortices. The patient underwent antitoxoplasmosis and anti-HIV treatment and serous retinal detachment completely resolved.
CONCLUSION
This report highlights the fact that sometimes, the eyes are the site of the first presentation of a systemic life-threatening condition and emphasizes the role of ophthalmologists in such cases. In cases of atypical presentation, appropriate laboratory tests and CNS imaging should be requested. Systemic treatment with antitoxoplasmosis regimens and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is mandatory in AIDS patients with ocular toxoplasmosis.
PubMed: 34007498
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5512408 -
International Journal of Women's... Dec 2020Dry, cracked lips are a common occurrence in both cold winter months and arid climates, leading many patients to experience discomfort year-round. Lip-licking is a... (Review)
Review
Dry, cracked lips are a common occurrence in both cold winter months and arid climates, leading many patients to experience discomfort year-round. Lip-licking is a compensatory measure that perpetuates the condition and often leads to lip-licking dermatitis. In patients in whom this compensatory measure becomes a chronic habit, other sequelae such as irritant contact dermatitis, cheilitis simplex, angular cheilitis, factitial cheilitis, secondary infections, and exfoliative cheilitis can arise. Given the high prevalence of lip-licking and subsequent dermatitis, it is important to counsel patients on interventions to prevent associated dermatitis and treatment methods to alleviate symptoms. Practical interventions in a daily routine should include application of a bland lip balm with ultraviolet protection, adequate hydration, protection of the lips from harsh weather conditions, and recognizing when dermatitis is present and further dermatologic care is indicated.
PubMed: 33898702
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.06.001 -
Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco,... 2020Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is a rare disorder that is characterized, in its full form, by recurrent facial nerve palsy, fissured tongue, and orofacial edema. Most...
BACKGROUND
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is a rare disorder that is characterized, in its full form, by recurrent facial nerve palsy, fissured tongue, and orofacial edema. Most cases present as oligosymptomatic or monosymptomatic forms. Its etiology is still unknown and its course is chronic and it may be progressive.
CASE REPORT
We present the case of a nine-year-old girl with recurrent episodes of peripheral facial nerve palsy. During the study, lip edema, benign migratory glossitis, and angular cheilitis were observed, which is why a clinical diagnosis of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome was made.
CONCLUSIONS
This syndrome must be considered in the differential diagnosis with the presence of acute peripheral facial nerve palsy and/or facial edema due to its behavior and progressive evolution.
Topics: Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Facial Nerve; Female; Humans; Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome; Paralysis
PubMed: 33631910
DOI: 10.29262/ram.v67i4.791 -
Georgian Medical News Dec 2020One of the most common complications of complex anticancer therapy is the development of various lesions of the oral cavity, including mucositis, which adversely affects...
One of the most common complications of complex anticancer therapy is the development of various lesions of the oral cavity, including mucositis, which adversely affects the quality of life of the patient, limits the dose of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and further adversely affects the effectiveness of complex therapy. Objective - to investigate the dental status of patients who are in anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy through clinical examination and calculation hygienic indices. During the study, the oral cavity was examined in 130 patients from 2015-2020, during the examination the dental status was registered and complaints were recorded. The dental status of patients on antitumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy by the method of clinical examination and calculation of hygienic indices (CSR (caries: sealed: removed), CPI index, Green Vermilion index, Fedorov-Volodkina index) was studied. A clinical examination of the oral cavity of patients who were on anticancer therapy in a cancer hospital revealed that the patients had poor oral hygiene and needed specialized dental treatment. Burning of the oral mucosa was present in 92.3% of patients, paresthesia - in 97.7%, taste disturbance and xerostomia - in all patients. In 30.0% there was angular cheilitis, in 96.2% bleeding gums, pus from periodontal pockets in - 17.7%, the formation of ulcers of the oral mucosa - 63.9%, mouth opening disorders - in 19.2%. The need for dental care was in 13.1% of patients in the study group. During the year before hospitalization, patients had 0.8±0.4 visits to the dentist per year, rarely used additional personal hygiene products for oral care - in 9.2%. The results indicate the presence of oral problems in 100.0% of patients receiving specialized antitumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as the presence of a sufficiently high need for specialized dental treatment.
Topics: Dental Caries; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Mucositis; Periodontal Pocket; Quality of Life; Xerostomia
PubMed: 33526726
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2021Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) may be associated with extra-intestinal manifestations. Among these, mucocutaneous manifestations are relatively frequent, often... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) may be associated with extra-intestinal manifestations. Among these, mucocutaneous manifestations are relatively frequent, often difficult to diagnose and treat, and may complicate the course of the underlying disease. In the present review, a summary of the most relevant literature on the dermatologic manifestations occurring in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases has been reviewed. The following dermatological manifestations associated with IBDs have been identified: (i) specific manifestations with the same histological features of the underlying IBD (occurring only in Crohn's disease); (ii) cutaneous disorders associated with IBDs (such as aphthous stomatitis, erythema nodosum, psoriasis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita); (iii) reactive mucocutaneous manifestations of IBDs (such as pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet's syndrome, bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome, aseptic abscess ulcers, pyodermatitis-pyostomatitis vegetans, etc.); (iv) mucocutaneous conditions secondary to treatment (including injection site reactions, infusion reactions, paradoxical reactions, eczematous and psoriasis-like reactions, cutaneous infections, and cutaneous malignancies); (v) manifestations due to nutritional malabsorption (such as stomatitis, glossitis, angular cheilitis, pellagra, scurvy, purpura, acrodermatitis enteropathica, phrynoderma, seborrheic-type dermatitis, hair and nail abnormalities). An accurate dermatological examination is essential in all IBD patients, especially in candidates to biologic therapies, in whom drug-induced cutaneous reactions may assume marked clinical relevance.
PubMed: 33477990
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020364 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Nov 2020Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is associated with changes in oral microbiota, including increased colonization. The fungus can cause oral lesions and...
BACKGROUND
Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is associated with changes in oral microbiota, including increased colonization. The fungus can cause oral lesions and infections such as candidiasis and angular cheilitis, and is harmful to both the patient and the orthodontist. Poor hygiene facilitates the colonization of these microorganisms. The key aim was to quantify the colonization of in patients prior to beginning orthodontic treatment, and during the treatment process.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 124 patients (43 males and 80 females) with a mean age of 19.5 years, who required treatment with metal or aesthetic (ceramic) braces, were studied. Microbiological samples were taken from the oral cavity using the swab technique throughout the treatment and cultured on a Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plate and, if positive, cultured on a CHROMagar® Candida plate.
RESULTS
In contrast to other published studies, no statistically significant increase in colonization was observed during the orthodontic treatment. The fixed appliances had no influence on the presence, absence or level of colonization by and there were no significant differences between the different appliances studied.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study showed that frequency of oral hygiene measures by study participants did not affect the rate of oral carriage of in a statistically significant manner. This observation contrasted with published literature, which suggests that thorough brushing is important to prevent the build-up of species. Orthodontics, fixed appliances, oral microflora, Candida albicans.
PubMed: 33262874
DOI: 10.4317/jced.57565