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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024species are nematophagous fungi that secrete extracellular nematocidal products (ECP). The individual and combined effects of ECP from () and () growth in liquid...
Assessing the In Vitro Individual and Combined Effect of and (Orbiliales) Liquid Culture Filtrates against Infective Larvae of the Sheep Blood-Feeding Nematode (Trichostrongylidae).
BACKGROUND
species are nematophagous fungi that secrete extracellular nematocidal products (ECP). The individual and combined effects of ECP from () and () growth in liquid media against L3 (HcL3) were assessed.
METHODS
The isolation, morphological (MI) and molecular identification (Mol-I), assessment of nematocidal activity (NA) of fungal liquid culture filtrates (LCF) in two liquid media alone and in combination and the myco-compound profile identification (MCP) were performed.
RESULTS
The MI suggested that the fungi corresponded to the species and . This result was confirmed by PCR analysis followed by sequencing, alignment and a phylogenetic analysis. Likewise, the highest mortalities were 91.4% with individual LCF of and 86.2% with those of at the highest concentration (100 mg/mL) in Czapek-Dox Broth. The combination of both LCF resulted in a similarly high larval mortality with no statistical differences in relation to individual activity ( > 0.05). The MCP showed the presence of alkaloids in both fungi. Coumarins, sterols and saponins were found only in .
MAIN CONCLUSIONS
Both fungi produced ECP with a high NA that could be identified and assessed in future studies as potential natural anthelmintic compounds.
PubMed: 38921796
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060498 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants is a serious worldwide problem. To reduce their spread, it is essential to know the prevalence of helminths on farms and the...
Anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants is a serious worldwide problem. To reduce their spread, it is essential to know the prevalence of helminths on farms and the control practices adopted. As these studies in the Calabria region of southern Italy are fragmentary and outdated, a study on the prevalence of helminths in small ruminant holdings in this area has been conducted. The measures implemented to control helminths were also evaluated through questionnaires administered to farmers. In particular, on 90 farms (45 sheep and 45 goats), 1800 faecal samples from 900 sheep and 900 goats were collected in the spring. Using the FLOTAC dual technique, parasitological examinations demonstrated the presence of gastrointestinal nematodes in 100% of sheep and goat farms, followed by spp. (84.44% sheep and 48.89% goats), spp. (73.33% sheep and 35.56% goats), (48.89% sheep and 42.22% goats), lungworms (28.89% sheep and 42.22% goats), (40% sheep and 26.67% goats), (13.33% sheep and 26.67% goats), (6.67% sheep and 31.11% goats), (6.67% sheep and 4.44% goats), and (4.44% sheep and goats). The questionnaires showed that 82% and 85% of the farmers had applied pasture rotation, and that 93.3% and 86.6% had used anthelmintics in the previous year for sheep and goats, respectively. Only 24.4% of sheep farmers and 11.3% of goat farmers had carried out parasitological tests prior to treatments. The most used classes of anthelmintics were macrocyclic lactones and benzimidazoles, and only in 21.6% and 15.6%, for sheep and goats, respectively, was drug rotation carried out. These results denote that helminths represent a health problem for small ruminants and highlight a lack of knowledge of parasite control strategies among farmers. In these conditions, anthelmintic resistance phenomena could develop over time. Therefore, it is necessary to implement all possible strategies for the control of helminths, and to prevent the spread of anthelmintic resistance phenomena on farms in southern Italy.
PubMed: 38921791
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060493 -
Biosensors Jun 2024Agricultural products are vitally important for sustaining life on earth and their production has notably grown over the years worldwide in general and in Brazil...
Agricultural products are vitally important for sustaining life on earth and their production has notably grown over the years worldwide in general and in Brazil particularly. Elevating agricultural practices consequently leads to a proportionate increase in the usage of pesticides that are crucially important for enhanced crop yield and protection. These compounds have been employed excessively in alarming concentrations, causing the contamination of soil, water, and air. Additionally, they pose serious threats to human health. The current study introduces an innovative tool for producing appropriate materials coupled with an electrochemical sensor designed to measure carbendazim levels. The sensor is developed using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) mounted on a glassy carbon electrode. This electrode is equipped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for improved performance. The combined system demonstrates promising potential for accurately quantifying carbendazim. The morphological characteristics of the synthesized materials were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) technique. The analytical curve was drawn using the electrochemical method in the range of 2 to 20 ppm while for HPLC 2-12 ppm; the results are presented as the maximum adsorption capacity of the MIP (82.4%) when compared with NIP (41%) using the HPLC method. The analysis conducted using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) yielded a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 ppm and a repeatability of 5.08% ( = 10). The results obtained from the analysis of selectivity demonstrated that the proposed electrochemical sensor is remarkably efficient for the quantitative assessment of carbendazim, even in the presence of another interferent. The sensor was successfully tested for river water samples for carbendazim detection, and recovery rates ranging from 94 to 101% were obtained for HPLC and 94 to 104% for the electrochemical method. The results obtained show that the proposed electrochemical technique is viable for the application and quantitative determination of carbendazim in any medium.
Topics: Carbamates; Benzimidazoles; Pesticides; Nanotubes, Carbon; Electrochemical Techniques; Biosensing Techniques; Electrodes; Biomimetic Materials; Limit of Detection
PubMed: 38920608
DOI: 10.3390/bios14060304 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Jun 2024Toxocariasis, a zoonotic infection transmitted by (from dogs) and (from cats) larvae, poses rare but severe risks to humans. We present a case of hepatic visceral... (Review)
Review
Toxocariasis, a zoonotic infection transmitted by (from dogs) and (from cats) larvae, poses rare but severe risks to humans. We present a case of hepatic visceral larva migrans (VLM) caused by in a 21-year-old male with a history of close contact with a pet dog. Initial symptoms and imaging findings mimicked a pyogenic liver abscess. The initial laboratory investigations revealed neutrophilia and elevated levels of IgE. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, persistent fever prompted further investigation. Subsequent serological testing for Toxocara antibodies and histopathological analysis of liver tissue demonstrating eosinophil infiltrates and Charcot-Leyden crystals led to a confirmed diagnosis of a liver abscess caused by . Serological testing for Toxocara antibodies and histopathological analysis of liver tissue confirmed a -induced liver abscess. Albendazole treatment yielded significant clinical improvement. This case highlights the necessity of considering toxocariasis in liver abscess differentials, particularly in high-seroprevalence regions like Vietnam. Relying solely on serological tests may be insufficient, emphasizing the need for corroborative evidence, including invasive procedures like liver biopsy, for accurate hepatic toxocariasis diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Toxocara canis; Larva Migrans, Visceral; Male; Animals; Young Adult; Albendazole; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Dogs; Liver; Antibodies, Helminth; Ultrasonography; Liver Abscess; Toxocariasis; Immunoglobulin E; Anthelmintics
PubMed: 38918038
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2024.051 -
Phytopathology Jun 2024Three novel trifluoromethylated compounds were designed and synthesized by reacting trifluoroacetimidoyl chloride derivatives with acetamidine hydrochloride or thiourea...
Three novel trifluoromethylated compounds were designed and synthesized by reacting trifluoroacetimidoyl chloride derivatives with acetamidine hydrochloride or thiourea in the presence of potassium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate as a base. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated the efficacy of the tested compounds in controlling root-knot nematode disease on pistachio rootstocks caused by Bis-trifluoromethylated derivatives, namely ,''-thiocarbonylbis('-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetimidamide) (compound ), showed high efficacy as novel and promising nematicides, achieving up to 78.28% control at a concentration of 0.042 mg/liter. This effect is attributed to four methyl and two trifluoromethyl groups. In the pre-inoculation application of compound , all three concentrations (0.033, 0.037, and 0.042 mg/liter, and Velum) exhibited a higher level of control, with 83.79, 87.46, and 80.73% control, respectively. In the microplot trials, compound effectively reduced population levels of and enhanced plant growth at a concentration of 0.037 mg/liter. This suggests that compound has the potential to inhibit hedgehog protein and could be utilized to prevent the progression of root-knot disease. Furthermore, the molecular docking results revealed that compounds and interact with specific amino acid residues (Gln60, Asp530, Glu70, Arg520, and Thr510) located in the active site of hedgehog protein. Based on the experimental findings of this study, compound shows promise as a lead compound for future investigations.
Topics: Animals; Tylenchoidea; Molecular Docking Simulation; Antinematodal Agents; Plant Diseases; Plant Roots; Pistacia
PubMed: 38916562
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-08-23-0274-R -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is indicated for the treatment of intractable pain and is widely used in clinical practice. In previous basic research, the...
Epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is indicated for the treatment of intractable pain and is widely used in clinical practice. In previous basic research, the therapeutic effects of SCS have been demonstrated for epileptic seizure. However, the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of SCS and the influence of epileptic seizure. First, SCS in the cervical spine was performed. The rats were divided into four groups: control group and treatment groups with SCS conducted at 2, 50, and 300 Hz frequency. Two days later, convulsions were induced by the intraperitoneal administration of kainic acid, followed by video monitoring to assess seizures. We also evaluated glial cells in the hippocampus by fluorescent immunostaining, electroencephalogram measurements, and inflammatory cytokines such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Seizure frequency and the number of glial cells were significantly lower in the 300 Hz group than in the control group. SCS at 300 Hz decreased gene expression level of CCL2, which induces monocyte migration. SCS has anti-seizure effects by inhibiting CCL2-mediated cascades. The suppression of CCL2 and glial cells may be associated with the suppression of epileptic seizure.
Topics: Animals; Chemokine CCL2; Rats; Disease Models, Animal; Spinal Cord Stimulation; Male; Seizures; Epilepsy; Kainic Acid; Hippocampus; Neuroglia; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Electroencephalography
PubMed: 38914629
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64972-y -
Lancet (London, England) Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Infant; Schistosomiasis; Anthelmintics; Praziquantel
PubMed: 38909612
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01302-3 -
Chemico-biological Interactions Jun 2024Breast cancer resistance protein/ATP-binding cassette subfamily G2 (BCRP/ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette efflux (ABC) transporter expressed in the apical membrane of...
Breast cancer resistance protein/ATP-binding cassette subfamily G2 (BCRP/ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette efflux (ABC) transporter expressed in the apical membrane of cells in tissues, such as the liver, intestine, kidney, testis, brain, and mammary gland. It is involved in xenobiotic pharmacokinetics, potentially affecting the efficacy and toxicity of many drugs. In this study, the role of ABCG2 in parasiticide monepantel (MNP) and its primary metabolite, monepantel sulfone (MNPSO)'s systemic distribution and excretion in milk, was tested using female and male wild-type and Abcg2 mice. Liquid chromatography coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) was used for the analysis in a 10-min run time using positive-mode atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning. For the primary metabolite tested, milk concentrations were 1.8-fold higher in wild-type mice than Abcg2 female lactating mice (P = 0.042) after intravenous administration of MNP. Finally, despite the lack of a difference between groups, we investigated potential differences in MNP and MNPSO's plasma and tissue accumulation levels between wild-type and Abcg2 male mice. In this study, we demonstrated that MNPSO milk levels were affected by Abcg2, with potential pharmacological and toxicological consequences, contributing to the undesirable xenobiotic residues in milk.
PubMed: 38906501
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111117 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Anthelmintic residues in livestock dung can adversely affect beneficial organisms. Targeted selective treatment (TST) of a reduced proportion of livestock with...
Anthelmintic residues in livestock dung can adversely affect beneficial organisms. Targeted selective treatment (TST) of a reduced proportion of livestock with anthelmintics can slow resistance development in gastrointestinal nematodes by providing residue-free dung which could also benefit non-target organisms. We tested effects of TST on survival and reproduction of the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Scarabaeidae) in a factorial glasshouse experiment (Experimental treatments: five TST levels, 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 x four ivermectin concentrations, 125, 250, 375, 500 ppb). Each mesocosm comprised a 60 L bin containing sand, four dung pats and six pairs of adult beetles (F0 generation). No effects of TST level and ivermectin concentration on mortality of F0 adults after one week were observed. F0 adult brood ball production was affected by TST level, particularly at high ivermectin concentrations. Brood ball production increased as more untreated pats became available, with greater increases at higher ivermectin concentrations. We tested for evidence of a reported attraction of dung beetles to ivermectin-treated dung using a novel glitter-marker to trace the origin of dung used in brood balls. Where mesocosms contained both dung types, the proportion of brood balls created from untreated dung showed no statistical difference from the null expectation based on untreated dung availability in the mesocosm. Emergence of F1 adults was affected by the increase in TST, with this effect dependent on concentration. Treatments with concentrations of 250-500 ppb had the lowest emergence rates (ca. 5-20 % in mesocosms where all dung pats were treated) but emergence rates increased with TST level, reaching 68-88 % emergence where no dung pats were treated with ivermectin. Ivermectin-induced mortality occurred predominantly at egg and first instar stages. TST can provide refuges for dung beetles offering a strategy for livestock producers to maintain livestock welfare whilst benefiting from ecosystem services provided by important insects.
PubMed: 38906290
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174050 -
Biosensors & Bioelectronics Oct 2024A novel laccase mimic enzyme Cu-Mn with excellent photothermal properties was firstly prepared via a combination of hydrothermal and in situ synthesis. Cu-Mn nanozymes...
Fabrication of superior laccase-mimicking enzyme with catalytic oxidative and photothermal properties for anti-bacterial and dual-mode glutathione S-transferase monitoring.
A novel laccase mimic enzyme Cu-Mn with excellent photothermal properties was firstly prepared via a combination of hydrothermal and in situ synthesis. Cu-Mn nanozymes could catalyze the typical laccase substrate 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DP) to generate the red quinone imine. Further, loading the MnO nanosheets with photothermal properties, Cu-Mn nanozymes possessed not only excellent laccase catalytic activity, but also high photothermal conversion efficiency. The presence of glutathione S-transferase (GST) recovered the glutathione (GSH)-induced weakness of the laccase activity and photothermal properties of Cu-Mn. Hence, a GST enzyme-regulated dual-mode sensing strategy was established based on Cu-Mn nanozymes. The detection limits of GST monitoring based on colorimetric and photothermal methods were 0.092 and 0.087 U/L with response times of 20 min and 8 min, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method enabled the measuring of GST levels in human serum and was successfully employed in the primary evaluation of hepatitis patients. Another attraction, the impressive photothermal behavior also endowed the Cu-Mn nanozymes with promising antimicrobial properties, which exhibited significant antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). Unsurprisingly, multifunctional Cu-Mn nanozymes certainly explore new paths in biochemical analysis and antimicrobial applications.
Topics: Laccase; Humans; Biosensing Techniques; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Glutathione Transferase; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Copper; Catalysis; Oxidation-Reduction; Limit of Detection; Biomimetic Materials; Chlorophenols; Colorimetry; Oxides; Manganese Compounds; Nanostructures
PubMed: 38905858
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116501