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Biology May 2024Increased intake of dietary antioxidants such as anthocyanins, which are enriched in colourful fruits, is a promising alternative to reduce the risk of degenerative...
Increased intake of dietary antioxidants such as anthocyanins, which are enriched in colourful fruits, is a promising alternative to reduce the risk of degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Since Amyloid β (Aβ) is one of the key components contributing to AD pathology, probably by reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, this study investigated the preventive effect of anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract (BE) and its anthocyanin fraction (ACN) on ROS generation and cell toxicity. The results showed a significant and concentration-dependent decrease in neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y) viability by BE or ACN, whereas no cell toxicity was observed in HeLa cells. Incubation with BE and ACN for 24 h diminished the generation of induced ROS levels in SH-SY5Y and HeLa cells. In addition, low concentrations of BE (1-5 µg/mL) showed protective effects against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, our results suggest antioxidant and protective effects of BE and ACN, which could potentially be used to delay the course of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Further studies are needed to clarify the high potential of anthocyanins and their in vivo metabolites on neuronal function.
PubMed: 38927256
DOI: 10.3390/biology13060376 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were obtained from the extraction and bleaching of jute cellulose as the enhancer, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as the...
"Reservoir-law" synergistic reinforcement of electrostatic spun polylactic acid composites with cellulose nanocrystals and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for intelligent bioactive food packaging.
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were obtained from the extraction and bleaching of jute cellulose as the enhancer, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as the carrier, the flavonoids-anthocyanidins and cinnamaldehyde as the bioactive agent, and finally a novel kind of polylactic acid (PLA)-based composite membrane was derived by electrostatic spun method. With the increasing concentration, HP-β-CDs cooperated with CNCs to regulate or control the release rate of bioactive compounds, which had a synergistic effect on the performance of the PLA matrix. The mechanical strength of PLA-3.2 composite with tannic acid (TA) surface cross-linking was 29.6 % higher than neat PLA, and could also continuously protect cells from oxidative stress and free radicals. In addition, excellent cell biocompatibility was found, and attributed to the interaction between bioactive compounds and cell membrane. In addition, we also found two excellent properties from our experimental results: obvious intelligent color reaction and good antibacterial ability. Finally, PLA-3.2 composites could be degraded by soil and are conducive to plant root growth. Hence, this work could solve many of the current problems of biodegradability and functionality of biopolymers for potential applications in areas such as intelligent bioactive food packaging.
PubMed: 38925186
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133405 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Jun 2024Bilberry, bananas, and apples are used for smoothie production because the health-promoting activities and to prevent human diseases including neurodegenerative...
SCOPE
Bilberry, bananas, and apples are used for smoothie production because the health-promoting activities and to prevent human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. The smoothie is prepared to promote a promising practice for increasing the intake of fruit in the diet.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The smoothie is packed into dark glass jars, pasteurized, and stored for up to 4 months at 4 or 22 °C. Then, it is analyzed for the polyphenols profile using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectometry (LC-HRMS) Polyphenols content and the antiinflammatory, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant activities, and the impact on catalase activity are controlled using biochemical analyses. A significant decrease in the flavanol content (p < 0.05) is investigated, while there are lower decreases or no changes in the other polyphenols content in the smoothies stored at 4 °C. The changes in the anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of the smoothie are correlated with the total polyphenols, anthocyanins, flavonols, and tannins content.
CONCLUSION
The proposed preservation of the smoothie and its storage at refrigeration temperature is adequate to maintain the smoothie's nutritional and functional effect for a 4-month shelf life. Even significant changes in the content of individual subgroups of polyphenols are not drastically reflected in the decrease of the smoothie biological activities.
PubMed: 38924345
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300426 -
The Plant Journal : For Cell and... Jun 2024In the field, necrosis area induced by pathogens is usually surrounded by a red circle in apple fruits. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon...
In the field, necrosis area induced by pathogens is usually surrounded by a red circle in apple fruits. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that accumulated salicylic acid (SA) induced by fungal infection promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis through MdNPR1-MdTGA2.2 module in apple (Malus domestica). Inoculating apple fruits with Valsa mali or Botryosphaeria dothidea induced a red circle surrounding the necrosis area, which mimicked the phenotype observed in the field. The red circle accumulated a high level of anthocyanins, which was positively correlated with SA accumulation stimulated by fungal invasion. Further analysis showed that SA promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner in both apple calli and fruits. We next demonstrated that MdNPR1, a master regulator of SA signaling, positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in both apple and Arabidopsis. Moreover, MdNPR1 functioned as a co-activator to interact with and enhance the transactivation activity of MdTGA2.2, which could directly bind to the promoters of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes to promote their transcription. Suppressing expression of either MdNPR1 or MdTGA2.2 inhibited coloration of apple fruits, while overexpressing either of them significantly promoted fruit coloration. Finally, we revealed that silencing either MdNPR1 or MdTGA2.2 in apple fruits repressed SA-induced fruit coloration. Therefore, our data determined that fungal-induced SA promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis through MdNPR1-MdTGA2.2 module, resulting in a red circle surrounding the necrosis area in apple fruits.
PubMed: 38923625
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16890 -
The Plant Journal : For Cell and... Jun 2024Anthocyanins are natural pigments and dietary antioxidants that play multiple biological roles in plants and are important in animal and human nutrition. Low temperature...
The R2R3 MYB Ruby1 is activated by two cold responsive ethylene response factors, via the retrotransposon in its promoter, to positively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in citrus.
Anthocyanins are natural pigments and dietary antioxidants that play multiple biological roles in plants and are important in animal and human nutrition. Low temperature (LT) promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in many species including blood orange. A retrotransposon in the promoter of Ruby1, which encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, controls cold-induced anthocyanin accumulation in blood orange flesh. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we characterized two LT-induced ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (CsERF054 and CsERF061). Both CsERF054 and CsERF061 can activate the expression of CsRuby1 by directly binding to a DRE/CRT cis-element within the retrotransposon in the promoter of CsRuby1, thereby positively regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. Further investigation indicated that CsERF061 also forms a protein complex with CsRuby1 to co-activate the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, providing a dual mechanism for the upregulation of the anthocyanin pathway. These results provide insights into how LT mediates anthocyanin biosynthesis and increase the understanding of the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in blood orange.
PubMed: 38922743
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16866 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology Jun 2024is a deciduous tree that is highly valuable both economically and medicinally. Like other plants with 'red young leaves', the red-leaf period of most trees lasts only...
is a deciduous tree that is highly valuable both economically and medicinally. Like other plants with 'red young leaves', the red-leaf period of most trees lasts only a few days, and the red leaves have little ornamental value. However, in recent years, some lines of with bright red young leaves and a prolonged red-leaf period have been utilized for urban greening. To explore the mechanism of the different lengths of the duration of leaves, we analyzed the physiology and changes in gene expression during the development of two varieties of leaves. The detection of anthocyanin in different developmental stages of the leaves showed that the changes in color of the red leaves of were primarily caused by the change in anthocyanin content. A transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin changed significantly during the development of leaves. A gene , which was consistent with the change in anthocyanin content, was identified. A real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis and heterologous expression transgenic studies showed that promoted the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. The difference in the expression of in time and intensity in the young leaves may be the reason for the difference in the duration of the red-leaf period in different lines of . A sequence analysis showed that the cDNA sequence of was polymorphic, and possible reasons were discussed. These results can provide insight for similar studies on the mechanism of the formation of red coloring in other woody plant leaves and provide molecular targets to breed new materials with more prolonged red-leaf periods in .
PubMed: 38921014
DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060343 -
Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL Apr 2024Coloured compounds (anthocyanins) in açaí can stain resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) due to its low staining resistance.
UNLABELLED
Coloured compounds (anthocyanins) in açaí can stain resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) due to its low staining resistance.
AIM
The aim of this study was to assess whether açaí compromises the surface colour and roughness of RMGIC in vitro.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Disc-shaped specimens (2 mm thick, 8 mm in diameter) of Vitremer™ (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) were prepared according to the manufacturer 's instructions. The mixture was inserted into a silicone mouldplaced between two mylar strips, and light cured. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n=25) according to the solutions to be used for chemical degradation: artificial saliva (control), açaí sorbet and açaí juice. A spectrophotometer CM-2600d/2500d (Konica Minolta, Tokyo, Japan) was used to analyse the colour (CIELa*b* scale). Surface roughness (Ra, mm) was measuredusing theprofilometer Surfcorder SE 1700 (Kosaka Corp, Tokyo, Japan). The specimens were subjected to three daily soaks (6 ml, 15 minutes) for 14 days at 37°C. They were washed in distilled water and placed in fresh saliva (30 minutes in the interval). After the third soak in a day, they were stored in fresh saliva overnight. Outcomes were analysed at baseline (L*, a*, b*, Ra) and after degradation (L'*, a'*, b'*, Ra').
RESULTS
The pH values of saliva, sorbet, and juice were 7.0, 3.8, and 4.9, respectively. ΔE* values were 6.6 for saliva, 6.9 for sorbet and 7.8 for juice. There was a significant ΔE* difference between saliva (p=0.005) and juice (p=0.002), and between juice and sorbet (p=0.019), but none between saliva and sorbet (p=0.401). There was no significant Δb* difference between the solutions. No difference between juice and sorbet was observed for Δa*, but they were significantly different from saliva (p<0.001). Brightness (L*) changed significantly. Juice showed the highest ΔE* (7.8) and ΔL* (7.7). No significant change was observed for roughness and there was no difference between the solutions for ARa.
CONCLUSIONS
Açaí and saliva led to unacceptable staining, but no significant roughness changes in the resin-modified glass-ionomer cement.
Topics: Glass Ionomer Cements; Color; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Carbonated Beverages
PubMed: 38920125
DOI: 10.54589/aol.37/1/40 -
Horticulture Research Jun 2024Understanding the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying the anthocyanin content (AC) in fruits and vegetables is crucial for advanced biotechnological...
Understanding the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlying the anthocyanin content (AC) in fruits and vegetables is crucial for advanced biotechnological customization. In this study, we generated high-quality haplotype-resolved genome assemblies for two mulberry cultivars: the high-AC 'Zhongsang5801' (ZS5801) and the low-AC 'Zhenzhubai' (ZZB). Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of genes associated with AC production. Through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 112 mulberry fruits, we identified , which encodes a vacuolar-type H-ATPase G3 subunit, as a key gene linked to purple pigmentation. To gain deeper insights into the genetic and molecular processes underlying high AC, we compared the genomes of ZS5801 and ZZB, along with fruit transcriptome data across five developmental stages, and quantified the accumulation of metabolic substances. Compared to ZZB, ZS5801 exhibited significantly more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to anthocyanin metabolism and higher levels of anthocyanins and flavonoids. Comparative analyses revealed expansions and contractions in the flavonol synthase (FLS) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) genes, resulting in altered carbon flow. Co-expression analysis demonstrated that ZS5801 displayed more significant alterations in genes involved in late-stage AC regulation compared to ZZB, particularly during the phase stage. In summary, our findings provide valuable insights into the regulation of mulberry fruit AC, offering genetic resources to enhance cultivars with higher AC traits.
PubMed: 38919559
DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae120 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Mounting evidence indicates that blueberry consumption is associated with a variety of health benefits. It has been suggested that regular consumption of blueberries can...
Mounting evidence indicates that blueberry consumption is associated with a variety of health benefits. It has been suggested that regular consumption of blueberries can support and/or protect against cardiovascular disease and function, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and brain and cognitive function in individuals with health conditions and age-related decline. Further, mechanistic investigations highlight the role of blueberry anthocyanins in mediating these health benefits, in part through interactions with gut microbiota. Also, nutritional interventions with blueberries have demonstrated the ability to improve recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage, attributable to anti-inflammatory effects. Despite these advancements in blueberry health research, research gaps persist which affects the generalizability of findings from clinical trials. To evaluate the current state of knowledge and research gaps, a blueberry health roundtable with scientific experts convened in Washington, DC (December 6-7, 2022). Discussions centered around five research domains: cardiovascular health, pre-diabetes and diabetes, brain health and cognitive function, gut health, and exercise recovery. This article synthesizes the outcomes of a blueberry research roundtable discussion among researchers in these domains, offering insights into the health benefits of blueberries and delineating research gaps and future research directions.
PubMed: 38919390
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1415737 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024The clarification conditions and the selection of the clarification agent are pivotal in eliminating the haze components from red grape juice (RGJ) while minimizing the...
The clarification conditions and the selection of the clarification agent are pivotal in eliminating the haze components from red grape juice (RGJ) while minimizing the loss of functional color components. In this context, we synthesized a water glass-based APTES functionalized magnesium silica aerogel (MSA-NH) incorporating 61.44 molecules/nm of amine groups, resulting in a positively charged zeta potential value of 33.9 mV (pH 3.4) for clarification of RGJ by targeting negatively charged polyphenols. The optimum clarification conditions using MSA-NH were determined as 0.18 g MSA-NH/L RGJ, 20 °C, and 60 min through the application of Box-Behnken design. Under these conditions, MSA-NH exhibited excellent adsorption of haze components (3.61 NTU), outperforming the commercial bentonite-gelatine combination (BGC) (5.45 NTU). Furthermore, it exhibited greater efficacy in preserving anthocyanins while adsorbing browning components. MSA-NH has a high potential to serve as a functional alternative clarification agent in the beverage industry due to its promising clarification performance.
PubMed: 38917570
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140132