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Nagoya Journal of Medical Science May 2024Pregnancy is an excellent opportunity to provide medical interventions to women. It is also a stress test used to predict health. Numerous studies have demonstrated that... (Review)
Review
Pregnancy is an excellent opportunity to provide medical interventions to women. It is also a stress test used to predict health. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are critical factors for pregnancy complications such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), large or small gestational age infants, and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). These complications are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a leading cause of mortality in women. In addition, complications adversely affect the short- and long-term prognoses of children. Optimal GWG to reduce complications is recommended based on pre-pregnancy BMI; however, racial differences should also be noted. The values in the Japanese guidelines are lower than those in the American Institute of Medicine guidelines. The Asian BMI thresholds for CVD risk are also lower than those in Europe. Therefore, weight management should be based on racial/genetic background. Interpregnancy weight gain or loss has also been reported to be associated with the risk of pregnancy complications; however, few studies have been conducted in Asian populations. Our previous reports suggested that avoiding an excess of 0.6 kg/m/year of annual BMI gain may reduce the risk of HDP or GDM, and insufficient gain of < 0.25 kg/m/year may increase sPTB recurrence. Annual BMI is useful for practical weight control during interpregnancy. Based on these findings, effective approaches should be established to improve the health of women and their offspring.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Body Mass Index; Gestational Weight Gain; Diabetes, Gestational; Women's Health; Weight Gain; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38962410
DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.86.2.160 -
African Health Sciences Mar 2024The School Feeding Programme if properly executed has the capacity to improve the nutritional status of the school children.
BACKGROUND
The School Feeding Programme if properly executed has the capacity to improve the nutritional status of the school children.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the nutritional status of school children in Ondo State Nigeria given that the National Home-Grown School Feeding Programme (NHGSFP) has been operational in the state for over five years.
METHODS
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.
RESULTS
A total of 234 subjects from public schools and 227 subjects from private schools were enrolled in the study. Their mean age was 8.23 ± 1.92 years. Wasting, overweight, obesity, underweight, and stunting were noted in 19.4%, 11.4%, 0.4%, 5.0%, and 20.7% of the children, respectively. The prevalence of stunting (30.3%) and wasting (23.9%) was more among subjects from the public schools. A significant association was found between Weight-for-Age Z-score, Height-for-Age Z-score, and BMI-for-Age Z-score and the children's school type (p < 0.005).
CONCLUSION
Majority of the children showed normal growth, the rest were in both extremes of malnutrition, the subjects from private schools seem to present better nutritional status, although there is no baseline data to ratify this finding. A further study on this subject using the current finding as a baseline data is recommended.
Topics: Humans; Nutritional Status; Nigeria; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Child; Schools; Prevalence; Thinness; Malnutrition; Growth Disorders; Child, Preschool; Food Services; Overweight; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38962331
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.29 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Jul 2024Tumour morphology (tumour burden score (TBS)) and liver function (albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR)) have been shown to correlate with outcomes in...
Tumour morphology (tumour burden score (TBS)) and liver function (albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR)) have been shown to correlate with outcomes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). This study aimed to evaluate the combined predictive effect of TBS and AAPR on survival outcomes in ICC patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis using a multicentre database of ICC patients who underwent curative surgery from 2011 to 2018. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to examine the relationship between a new index (combining TBS and AAPR) and long-term outcomes. The predictive efficacy of this index was compared to other conventional indicators. A total of 560 patients were included in the study. Based on TBS and AAPR stratification, patients were classified into three groups. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that 124 patients with low TBS and high AAPR had the best overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), while 170 patients with high TBS and low AAPR had the worst outcomes (log-rank p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses identified the combined index as an independent predictor of OS and RFS. Furthermore, the index showed superior accuracy in predicting OS and RFS compared to other conventional indicators. Collectively, this study demonstrated that the combination of liver function and tumour morphology provides a synergistic effect in evaluating the prognosis of ICC patients. The novel index combining TBS and AAPR effectively stratified postoperative survival outcomes in ICC patients undergoing curative resection.
Topics: Humans; Cholangiocarcinoma; Female; Male; Alkaline Phosphatase; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Aged; Tumor Burden; Retrospective Studies; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38961673
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18530 -
Maternal & Child Nutrition Jul 2024Poor measurement quality has set back the utility of anthropometry in defining childhood malnutrition, prompting calls for alternative measurement techniques. This study...
Poor measurement quality has set back the utility of anthropometry in defining childhood malnutrition, prompting calls for alternative measurement techniques. This study aimed to assess the reliability of anthropometric measurements using a digital height board in comparison to an analog height board in Namibian children under 5 years of age. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted (n = 425) between the age of 6 and 59 months, using anthropometric measurements of weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference. Two trained enumerators each collected four height measurements of each child: two using an analog height board and two using a digi-board. The repeated height measurements between and within the enumerators were used to determine intra- and interobserver reliability. Reliability of the digi-board was assessed using the technical error of measurement (TEM), relative TEM (%TEM), intraclass correlation and a Bland-Altman analysis to assess the agreement between the two methods. In all these assessments, the analog height board was considered as the gold standard and used for comparison. The digi-board showed superiority to the analog height board in terms of reliability (analog TEM = 0.22, digi-board TEM = 0.16). Although the digi-board has potential to improve child anthropometry, further clinical and large survey studies are needed to validate the used of this tool in routine population-based surveys.
PubMed: 38961562
DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13677 -
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Jul 2024Rett syndrome (RTT) is characterized by neurological regression. This pioneering study investigated the effect of age on brain volume reduction by analyzing magnetic...
OBJECTIVE
Rett syndrome (RTT) is characterized by neurological regression. This pioneering study investigated the effect of age on brain volume reduction by analyzing magnetic resonance imaging findings in participants with RTT, ranging from toddlers to adults.
METHODS
Functional evaluation and neuroimaging were performed. All scans were acquired using a Siemens Tim Trio 3 T scanner with a 32-channel head coil.
RESULTS
The total intracranial volume and cerebral white matter volume significantly increased with age in the control group compared with that in the RTT group (p < 0.05). Cortical gray matter volume reduction in the RTT group continued to increase in bilateral parietal lobes and left occipital lobes (p < 0.05). The differences in cortical gray matter volume between typically developing brain and RTT-affected brain may tend to continuously increase until adulthood in both temporal lobes although not significant after correction for multiple comparison.
CONCLUSIONS
A significant reduction in brain volume was observed in the RTT group. Cortical gray matter volume in the RTT group continued to reduce in bilateral parietal lobes and left occipital lobes. These results provide a baseline for future studies on the effect of RTT treatment and related neuroscience research.
Topics: Humans; Rett Syndrome; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain; Adult; Child; Young Adult; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Taiwan; Gray Matter; Male; Organ Size; White Matter
PubMed: 38961335
DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09549-6 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2024Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify practical methods that could enable...
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify practical methods that could enable the effective identification of MetS based on anthropometric indices. The basis of our study involved retrospective database obtained from routine medical prophylactic examinations. This was a cross-sectional study on the health status of male workers employed in hazardous working conditions at industrial enterprises in the Ural region conducted in 2019. A total of 347 male workers employed under hazardous working conditions were investigated. The presence of MetS was established by a healthcare professional in accordance with the guidelines of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Simple linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between anthropometric indices and MetS incidence. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios of MetS in relation to increases in anthropometric indices. ROC curves were calculated to compare the ability of each anthropometric index to predict MetS and to determine the diagnostic thresholds of the indicators considered. According to the IDF criteria, 36.3% of the workers had MetS. A direct relationship was found between the individual components of MetS and the anthropometric indices studied. The highest OR was shown by the Body Roundness Index (BRI) of 2.235 (95% CI 1.796-2.781). For different age quartiles, the optimal cut-off values for predicting MetS were as follows: BRI, 4.1-4.4 r.u.; body shape index (ABSI), 0.080-0.083 m kg; and lipid accumulation product (LAP), 49.7-70.5 cm mmol/l. The most significant associations with MetS were observed where the values were greater than these cut-off points (Se = 97.4%). The results of this study demonstrated the rapid use of new anthropometric indicators, which have shown good predictive ability and are quite easy to use.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anthropometry; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Industry; ROC Curve
PubMed: 38961254
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66262-z -
Scientific Reports Jul 2024The American Heart Association has updated its definition of cardiovascular health (CVH) with a new framework known as Life's Essential 8 (LE8). Although gestational CVH...
The American Heart Association has updated its definition of cardiovascular health (CVH) with a new framework known as Life's Essential 8 (LE8). Although gestational CVH assessment has been recommended, its significance based on LE8 for birth outcomes is unknown. We thus evaluated the status of gestational CVH based on LE8 in 3036 pregnant women of the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort and the population of China Maternal Nutrition and Health Sciences Survey, and also examined the association between gestational CVH and child birth outcomes. We found that only a small proportion (12.84%) had high CVH, while 1.98% had low CVH in this cohort study. In adjusted models, a 10-point increase in the gestational CVH score, indicating a more favorable score, was associated with lower neonatal size such as birth weight (β: - 37.05 [95% confidence interval: - 52.93, - 21.16]), birth length (- 0.12[- 0.22, - 0.01]), weight-for-height z-score (- 0.07[- 0.12, - 0.03]), body mass index z-score (- 0.09 [- 0.13, - 0.04]), length-for-age Z-score (- 0.03 [- 0.06, - 0.01]), and weight-for-age z-score (- 0.08 [- 0.12, - 0.05]). Also, a 10-point increase in the gestational CVH score was associated with the lower risk of large for gestational age (LGA) (0.82 [0.73, 0.92]) and macrosomia infant (0.75 [0.64, 0.88]). CVH categories showed similar results. That is, better maternal CVH status in pregnancy was associated with lower neonatal size and lower risks for LGA and macrosomia in newborns.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Adult; Infant, Newborn; China; Birth Weight; Pregnancy Outcome; Maternal Health; Cardiovascular Diseases; Longitudinal Studies; Body Mass Index; Male
PubMed: 38961151
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66029-6 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2024Using a system that incorporates a variety of food items rather than focusing on individual components can aid in assessing the inflammatory effects of a diet on disease...
Using a system that incorporates a variety of food items rather than focusing on individual components can aid in assessing the inflammatory effects of a diet on disease outcomes such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we decided to investigate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of protein-energy wasting (PEW) and sarcopenia in patients with CKD. In this cross-sectional study, 109 patients with CKD were selected from two clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The intake of individuals' diets was recorded using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Additionally, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) guidelines were utilized to evaluate muscles' strength, mass, and function. Also, four International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) criteria (body mass index, intake of protein, albumin, and urine creatinine) were used to diagnose PEW. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between DII and sarcopenia as well as PEW. The results showed that the intake of saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, niacin, beta-carotene, and vitamin C was significantly different between lower and higher DII groups. In the univariate model, higher odds of sarcopenia was observed by each unit increase in DII (odds ratio (OR) = 1.379, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.042-1.824) and age (OR = 1.073, 95% CI: 1.017-1.132). Additionally, in the multivariate model, the association between DII and age with odds of sarcopenia remained significant (DII: OR = 1.379, 95% CI: 1.030-1.846 and age: OR = 1.063, 95% CI: 1.007-1.121). The current study suggests the possible role of pro-inflammatory foods in worsening muscle health, specifically sarcopenia, in CKD patients. Future longitudinal studies may reveal the causative nature of these correlations.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Inflammation; Diet; Aged; Risk Factors; Adult; Iran; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38961105
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65340-6 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jul 2024
Randomized Controlled Trial
Topics: Humans; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Body Mass Index; Dietary Proteins; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Adult
PubMed: 38960576
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.014 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Body Mass Index; Female; Obesity
PubMed: 38960575
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.039