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International Dental Journal Jun 2024Propolis is a resinous substance produced naturally by bees, and it consists of the exudates of plants mixed with enzymes, wax, and pollen. Propolis continues to gain... (Review)
Review
Propolis is a resinous substance produced naturally by bees, and it consists of the exudates of plants mixed with enzymes, wax, and pollen. Propolis continues to gain considerable scientific interest due to its potential health benefits. The modern-day use of propolis in pharmaceutical preparations, such as toothpastes, mouthwashes, chewable tablets, mucoadhesive gels, and sprays, is increasing. However, the effectiveness of using propolis-containing pharmaceuticals in dentistry is not clear. The present paper aims to review the literature on the dental applications of propolis in preventive dentistry, periodontics, oral medicine, and restorative dentistry and discuss its clinical effectiveness. A literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. In total, 104 studies were included, of which 46 were laboratory studies, 5 animal studies, and 53 human clinical studies. Overall, the laboratory studies revealed a range of antimicrobial effects of propolis on oral pathogens. Clinical investigations of propolis in biofilm and dental caries control as well as adjuvant periodontal therapies reported positive outcomes in terms of plaque control, pathogenic microbial count reduction, and periodontal tissue inflammation control. Additional investigations included the use of propolis for the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral mucositis, and cavity disinfection after caries removal as well as the development of a range of restorative dental materials. Based on the reported outcomes of the studies, the clinical usage of propolis has potential. However, the majority of the evidence is derived from studies with flaws in their methodological design, making their results and conclusions questionable. As a consequence, properly designed and well-reported clinical studies are required to affirm the effectiveness of propolis for dental applications. Additionally, the safety of propolis and the optimal concentrations and extraction methods for its clinical use warrant further investigation. Utilisation of standardised propolis extracts will help in quality control of propolis-based products and lead to the achievement of reproducible outcomes in research studies.
Topics: Propolis; Humans; Dental Caries; Anti-Infective Agents; Animals; Preventive Dentistry; Biofilms; Stomatitis, Aphthous
PubMed: 38378400
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.01.018 -
Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin,... Apr 2024Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of the mouth. It is characterised by the appearance of painful ulcers in the oral... (Review)
Review
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of the mouth. It is characterised by the appearance of painful ulcers in the oral mucosa. RAS is believed to be a multifactorial disease with genetic predisposition, environmental factors and alterations in the immune system. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between free radicals and the antioxidant system, also appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of RAS. Several risk factors, such as smoking, iron and vitamin deficiency and anxiety, may contribute to the development of the disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may help in the prevention and treatment of RAS. We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for articles on oxidative stress in patients with RAS from 2000 to 2023. Studies analysing oxidant and antioxidant levels in the blood and saliva of RAS patients and healthy controls were selected. Of 170 potentially eligible articles, 24 met the inclusion criteria: 11 studies on blood samples, 6 on salivary samples and 7 on both blood and salivary samples. Multiple oxidative and antioxidant markers were assessed in blood and saliva samples. Overall, statistically significant differences were found between RAS patients and healthy controls for most markers. In addition, increased oxidative DNA damage was observed in patients with RAS. Patients with RAS show elevated levels of oxidative stress compared to healthy controls, with a significant increase in oxidative markers and a significant decrease in antioxidant defences in saliva and blood samples.
Topics: Humans; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Antioxidants; Oxidative Stress; Iron
PubMed: 38376817
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02434-8 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Feb 2024
PubMed: 38366634
DOI: 10.1093/ced/llae057 -
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual Jan 2024Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a prevalent ulcerative condition affecting oral mucosa. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a prevalent ulcerative condition affecting oral mucosa.
OBJECTIVES
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare the level of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) between individuals with RAS and those who are healthy.
METHODS
A systematic search for relevant publications before June 21, 2022, was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The results were presented as the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effects due to the presence of significant heterogeneity. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
RESULTS
Overall, 13 article with were included in the analysis. NLR was higher among patients with RAS compared to healthy controls (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = -0.20 to 0.79, P = 0.001, I = 91.5%). In the subgroup analysis based on the study design, it was found that retrospective studies showed higher levels of NLR in patients with RAS compared to healthy controls (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI= 0.16 to 1.08, P < 0.01), but these results were not applied to prospective studies (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI = -0.03 to 0.74, P < 0.07).
CONCLUSION
Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio revealed crosstalk between systematic inflammation and RAS.
PubMed: 38364388
DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1401a46 -
La Revue Du Praticien Oct 2023MEVALONATE KINASE DEFICIENCY. Mevalonate kinase deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive, auto- inflammatory disease, linked to mutations in the gene MVK, resulting in...
MEVALONATE KINASE DEFICIENCY. Mevalonate kinase deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive, auto- inflammatory disease, linked to mutations in the gene MVK, resulting in the activation of pyrin inflammasome and hypersecretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The clinical spectrum realizes a continuum which extends from the mild phenotype of the partial MVK deficiency (hyperimmunoglobulinemia D) resulting in periodic fever syndrome to a letal form of mevalonate aciduria (MA, complete MVK deficiency). Symptoms occur before the age of one, often with a trigger. The partial MVK deficiency (HIDS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever with an intense inflammatory syndrome, accompanied with lymphadenopathy, aphthous stomatitis, digestive, articular and cutaneous symptoms. There is in more in mevalonate aciduria a psychomotor retardation, a failure to thrive, a cerebellar ataxia and a dysmorphic syndrome. The diagnosis is based on the mevalonic aciduria during febrile attack and the search for mutations in MVK. The most severe patients can be treated by anti-IL-1.
Topics: Humans; Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency; Mevalonic Acid; Fever; Mutation; Phenotype
PubMed: 38354005
DOI: No ID Found -
La Revue Du Praticien Oct 2023MARSHALL SYNDROME. Marshall syndrome also known as PFAPA syndrome belongs to the group of autoinflammatory diseases. The acronym reflects the main clinical features of...
MARSHALL SYNDROME. Marshall syndrome also known as PFAPA syndrome belongs to the group of autoinflammatory diseases. The acronym reflects the main clinical features of the disease: periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis. It is the most common autoinflammatory disease, beginning between 1 and 5 years of age. There is little or no impact on growth, but the recurrence of febrile seizures can compromise the quality of life of patients. Clinical diagnosis meets positive and exclusion criteria. Putting it correctly allows a reassuring framework of care and avoids many unnecessary antibiotic treatments. Corticosteroid therapy is the reference treatment for the crisis. Tonsillectomy associated with adenoidectomy can be discussed but is not systematically recommended in this pathology, which is generally benign and most often heals spontaneously with age.
Topics: Humans; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Quality of Life; Cataract; Pharyngitis; Syndrome; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Osteochondrodysplasias; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Collagen Type XI
PubMed: 38354003
DOI: No ID Found -
Italian Journal of Dermatology and... Feb 2024The oral mucosa can be involved in a wide variety of mucocutaneous conditions that may present primarily in the mouth or affect other cutaneous or mucosal sites. Many of... (Review)
Review
The oral mucosa can be involved in a wide variety of mucocutaneous conditions that may present primarily in the mouth or affect other cutaneous or mucosal sites. Many of these conditions are immune mediated and typically present as inflammatory mucosal pathology. Patients experiencing such conditions usually seek medical evaluation and treatment due to the associated pain and discomfort, and occasionally taste disturbance or dysphagia and the overall deterioration in the oral health-related quality of life. These conditions share some common features and there could be some overlap in their clinical presentation, which can lead to delays in diagnosis and proper management of patients. Clinicians dealing with such disorders, including dermatologists, need to be aware of the oral manifestations of mucocutaneous conditions, their clinical features, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options, as well as the recent advances in the research on these conditions. This review provides a comprehensive, evidence-based reference for clinicians, with updated insights into a group of immune mediated conditions known to cause oral mucosal pathology. Part one will cover oral lichen planus, erythema multiforme and systemic lupus erythematosus, while part two will cover recurrent aphthous stomatitis, pemphigus vulgaris and mucous membrane pemphigoid, in addition to the less common disorders linear IgA disease, dermatitis herpetiformis and epidermolysis bullosa.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Diseases; Quality of Life; Pemphigus; Stomatitis, Aphthous
PubMed: 38345290
DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.23.07690-9 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2024Oral aphthous stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory condition. Numerous medications have been investigated to treat the symptoms of the disease. However, these days... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Oral aphthous stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory condition. Numerous medications have been investigated to treat the symptoms of the disease. However, these days patients prefer herbal medicines due to lower side effects. Considering the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-oxidant properties of Caffeic acid and its few side effects, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of Caffeic acid on recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). investigating the effect of caffeic acid mucoadhesive tablets on the size and pain intensity of the aphthous lesions.
METHODS
in this double-blinded clinical trial study, 47 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected by convenient sampling method. The patients were assigned to two groups randomly; the control group (placebo recipients) and the intervention group (Caffeic acid recipients). Patients were followed up for 7 days following the intervention. The diameter of the inflammatory lesion was measured in millimeters, and the pain intensity was recorded based on the VAS scale (Visual Analogue Scale). This trial was approved by the medical ethics committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Ethical code: IR.MAZUMS.REC.1401.261) and received IRCT code of IRCT20220815055700N1on 03/09/2022.
RESULTS
the diameter of the lesion in both groups decreased over time, and there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups, except on the fifth day when the diameter of the lesion was significantly greater in the control group (P = 0.012). From the second day, the control group's average pain intensity was significantly higher than the intervention group's pain intensity (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
when comparing mucoadhesive tablets containing Caffeic acid and placebo, the findings demonstrated that Caffeic acid has a significant efficacy in reducing aphthous lesions' diameter and pain intensity of the patients and are suggested for palliative oral aphthous lesions treatment since they showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Topics: Humans; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Treatment Outcome; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Double-Blind Method; Tablets; Analgesics; Caffeic Acids
PubMed: 38336696
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03936-0 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Feb 2024To dynamically compare the longitudinal (time axis) and transverse (between groups) differences of the salivary cytokines during thalidomide maintenance treatment of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To dynamically compare the longitudinal (time axis) and transverse (between groups) differences of the salivary cytokines during thalidomide maintenance treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
METHODS
A randomized, controlled, clinical trial was performed. After the initial prednisone treatment, thalidomide (50 mg/d vs. 25 mg/d) was used as a maintenance drug for 4 or 8 weeks. The salivary IL-4, 5, 6, 10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were dynamically detected with a cytometric bead array.
RESULTS
Overall, the level of six elevated salivary cytokines after prednisone treatment was significantly downregulated, remained low during thalidomide maintenance, and rebounded at recurrence. The effect of 50 mg/d thalidomide on the salivary cytokines was not superior to 25 mg/d medication. The relapse-free period following drug withdrawal was the longest in the subgroup using 25 mg/d thalidomide for 8 weeks. The order of magnitude of IL-6 was the most obvious, and at week 8, only the level of IL-6 in the group (25 mg/d thalidomide for 8 weeks) continued to decline compared with the other groups.
CONCLUSION
Thalidomide maintenance treatment can effectively sustain low levels of salivary IL-4, 5, 6, 10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ of recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients. IL-6 displayed a good correlation with the disease and is expected to become an index for diagnosis and follow-up.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Low-dose long-term thalidomide maintenance treatment was supported for recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Trial registration number of ChiCTR-IPR-16009759 at http://www.chictr.org/index.aspx .
Topics: Humans; Thalidomide; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Prednisone; Recurrence
PubMed: 38334890
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05531-7 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2024Ulcer disorders including the oral mucosa, large intestine, and stomach mucosa, cause significant global health burdens. Conventional treatments such as non-steroid... (Review)
Review
Ulcer disorders including the oral mucosa, large intestine, and stomach mucosa, cause significant global health burdens. Conventional treatments such as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine H receptor antagonists (HRAs), and cytoprotective agents have drawbacks like mucosal injury, diminish gastric acid secretion, and interact with concurrent medications. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches are needed to tackle this health concern. Plants are rich in active metabolites in the bark, roots, leaves, fruits, and seeds, and have been utilized for medicinal purposes since ancient times. The use of herbal therapy is crucial, and regulations are necessary to ensure the quality of products, particularly in randomized studies, to assess their efficacy and safety in treating ulcer disorders. This study aims to explore the anti-ulcer activity of medicinal plants in treating peptic ulcer disease, ulcerative colitis, and aphthous ulcers. Articles were searched in Scopus and PubMed, and filtered for publication from 2013 to 2023, resulting in a total of 460 from Scopus and 239 from PubMed. The articles were further screened by title and abstract and resulted in 55 articles. Natural products, rich in active metabolites, were described to manage ulcer disease by protecting the mucosa, reducing ulcer effects, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors, and reducing bacterial load, thus improving patients' quality of life. Natural extracts have proven effective in managing other health problems, including ulcers by reducing pain and decreasing lesions. This review provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies on medicinal plants, focusing on their effectiveness in treating conditions like peptic ulcers, ulcerative colitis, and aphthous ulcers.
Topics: Humans; Ulcer; Colitis, Ulcerative; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Quality of Life; Peptic Ulcer; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
PubMed: 38318501
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S446949