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Microorganisms Apr 2023Endophytic fungi are a highly unpredictable group of microorganisms that can create a diverse range of secondary metabolites with biological activity. These metabolites...
Endophytic fungi are a highly unpredictable group of microorganisms that can create a diverse range of secondary metabolites with biological activity. These metabolites enhance the host's ability to tolerate stress caused by various factors, such as disease, insects, pathogens, and herbivores. The secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi may have potential applications in agriculture, pharmacy, and medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of secondary metabolites extracted from endophytic fungi. SB5 was one of the many endophytic fungi isolated from and identified genetically with accession number ON872302. Our study utilized fermentation and microbial cultivation techniques to obtain secondary metabolites. During the course of our investigation, we isolated a compound called Physcion (C1) from the endophytic fungus SB5. We subsequently identified that C1 possesses inhibitory activity against COX-2 and LOX-1, with IC50 values of 43.10 and 17.54 µg/mL, respectively, making it an effective anti-inflammatory agent. Moreover, we found that C1 also exhibited potent anticholinesterase activity (86.9 ± 1.21%). In addition to these promising therapeutic properties, our experiments demonstrated that C1 possesses strong antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by its ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, O2 radicals, and NO and inhibit lipid peroxidation. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying C1 pharmacological properties, we employed SwissADME web tools to predict the compound's ADME-related physicochemical properties and used Molecular Operating Environment and PyMOL for molecular docking studies.
PubMed: 37110485
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041062 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Jun 2023Two new indole diketopiperazine alkaloids (IDAs), (+)19-epi-sclerotiamide (1) and (-)19-epi-sclerotiamide (2), along with 13 known analogs (3-15), were isolated from a...
Two new indole diketopiperazine alkaloids (IDAs), (+)19-epi-sclerotiamide (1) and (-)19-epi-sclerotiamide (2), along with 13 known analogs (3-15), were isolated from a soft coral-associated epiphytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor CGF 9-1-2. The structures of two new compounds were established based on the combination of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, optical rotation measurements and quantum chemical C-NMR, the absolute configurations were determined by experimental and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The results of molecular docking showed that all the compounds had a good binding with TDP1, TDP2, TOP1, TOP2, Ache, NLRP3, EGFR, EGFR L858R, EGFR T790M and EGFR T790/L858. Biological evaluation of compounds 3, 6, 8, 11 showed that 3 exerted a strong inhibitory effect on TDP2 with a rate of 81.72 %.
Topics: Animals; Agaricales; Anthozoa; Aspergillus; Diketopiperazines; ErbB Receptors; Indole Alkaloids; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Mutation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Alkaloids; Piperazines
PubMed: 37097072
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300301 -
Fitoterapia Jun 2023Two new polyketides versicolorones A-B (1-2), one new diketopiperazine derivative aspergiamide B methyl ester (3), along with twenty known compounds 4-23, were obtained...
Two new polyketides versicolorones A-B (1-2), one new diketopiperazine derivative aspergiamide B methyl ester (3), along with twenty known compounds 4-23, were obtained from the EtOAc extract of the Cordyceps-colonizing fungus Aspergillus versicolor ZJUTE2. The structures of 1-3 were established by detailed interpretation of the spectroscopic data and their absolute configurations were established by comparative analyses of the calculated and experimental ECD spectra. In the in-vitro bioassay, compounds 8 and 21 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase (EcGUS) with IC values of 54.73 ± 2.69 and 56.59 ± 1.77 μM, respectively.
Topics: Cordyceps; Molecular Structure; Aspergillus; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 37028494
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105501 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023Potential markers were sought to diagnose mold hypersensitivity. Indoor air condensed water and human macrophage THP-1 test were applied to evaluate the buildings....
Potential markers were sought to diagnose mold hypersensitivity. Indoor air condensed water and human macrophage THP-1 test were applied to evaluate the buildings. Basophil activation tests (BAT) were conducted and mold-specific immunoglobulins (IgE, IgG, IgA, and IgD) were measured in study subjects' serum and feces. Exposed subjects reported markedly more symptoms from occupational air than controls. Basophils from exposed subjects died/lost activity at 225 times lower concentrations of toxic extracts from the target building than recommended in the common BAT protocol. Fecal IgG and IgD levels against and produced receiver operating curves (ROC) of 0.928 and 0.916, respectively, when plotted against the inflammation marker MRP8/14. Assaying serum immunoglobulin concentrations against the toxic from another building, a test control, did not differentiate study individuals. However, if liver metabolism produced the same core molecule from other strains, this would explain the increased response in fecal immunoglobulins in the exposed. The altered immunoglobulin values in the samples of exposed when compared to controls revealed the route of mold exposure. The toxicity of indoor air condensed water samples, BAT and serology confirmed the severity of symptoms in the target building's employees, supporting earlier findings of toxicity in this building.
PubMed: 36983500
DOI: 10.3390/jof9030332 -
Mediated Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide (FeO) Nanoparticles and Their Diverse In Vitro Bioactivities.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) were synthesized using extract as strong reducing and capping agents. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles IONPs were...
Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) were synthesized using extract as strong reducing and capping agents. The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles IONPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffractive analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). IONPs synthesis was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy by observing the peak at 471 nm. Furthermore, different in vitro biological assays, which showed important therapeutic potentials, were performed. Antimicrobial assay of biosynthesized IONPs was performed against four different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. was found to be the least suspected strain (MIC: 35 µg/mL), and was found to be the most suspected strain (MIC: 14 µg/mL). The maximum antifungal assay was observed for (MIC: 27 µg mL). The cytotoxic assay of IONPs was also studied using a brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay, and LD value was reported as 47 µg/mL. In toxicological evaluation, IONPs was found to be biologically compatible to human RBCs (IC: >200 µg/mL). The antioxidant assay, DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyly was recorded at 73% for IONPs. In conclusion, IONPs revealed great biological potential and can be further recommended for in vitro and in vivo therapeutic purposes.
Topics: Humans; Escherichia coli; Metal Nanoparticles; Antifungal Agents; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plant Extracts; X-Ray Diffraction; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36903337
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052091 -
Effect of Culture Conditions of Endophytic Fungi on Yield and Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities.International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Culture conditions affect the production of secondary metabolites in endophytic fungi. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the yield and anticancer...
Culture conditions affect the production of secondary metabolites in endophytic fungi. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the yield and anticancer and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi extracts from the cactus , under different culture conditions. The strains , , and sp. were fermented in different culture media (potato dextrose agar, Czapeck broth, and malt broth), types of inoculums (spore or mycelium), and shaking conditions (150 rpm or static) for one week. Methanol extracts were obtained from mycelia, which was followed by determining their yields and evaluating their effect on L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells growth and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) viability, using the 3-[4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction colorimetric assay. In addition, antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test. We determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) values of tumor cell growth inhibition, the selectivity index (SI), and the antioxidant activity, as compared with the healthy cells control. The best yields were obtained with the Czapeck broth medium in all the evaluated strains, reaching values of 50.3%. Of the 48 extracts evaluated, only seven significantly ( < 0.01) inhibited tumor cell growth (IC < 250 µg/mL). extract showed the highest anticancer activity, after culturing spores (IC = 49.62 µg/mL; SI = 15.8) or mycelium (IC = 69.67 µg/mL; SI = 12.2) in malt broth, under static conditions. Extracts did not present significant antioxidant activity. In conclusion, we showed that culture conditions influenced the anticancer activity of endophytic fungi.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Antioxidants; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Fungi; Culture Media
PubMed: 36900961
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053948 -
Journal of Natural Products Apr 2023Seven new phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpenoids (-), along with 10 biogenetically related analogues (-), were obtained from the deep-sea-derived fungus YPH93. The...
Seven new phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpenoids (-), along with 10 biogenetically related analogues (-), were obtained from the deep-sea-derived fungus YPH93. The structures were elucidated based on extensive analyses of the spectroscopic data. Compounds - are the first examples of phenolic bisabolanes that contain two hydroxy groups attached to the pyran ring. The structures of sydowic acid derivatives (- and -) were carefully studied, leading to the structure revisions of six known analogues, including a revision of the absolute configuration for sydowic acid (). All metabolites were evaluated for their effects on ferroptosis. Compound exerted inhibition on erastin/RSL3-induced ferroptosis with EC values ranging from 2 to 4 μM, while it exhibited no effects on TNFα-induced necroptosis or HO-induced cell necrosis.
Topics: Aspergillus; Ferroptosis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Molecular Structure; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Phenols; Sesquiterpenes
PubMed: 36897077
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01022 -
Toxins Feb 2023, a Chinese herbal medicine, is susceptible to molds during storage, reducing its quality, and even generating mycotoxins with toxic effects on human health. Fresh was...
Isolation of the Main Pathogens Causing Postharvest Disease in Fresh during Different Storage Stages and Impacts of Ozone Treatment on Disease Development and Mycotoxin Production.
, a Chinese herbal medicine, is susceptible to molds during storage, reducing its quality, and even generating mycotoxins with toxic effects on human health. Fresh was harvested from Min County of Gansu Province in China and kept at room temperature. Naturally occurring symptoms were observed during different storage stages. Molds were isolated and identified from the diseased using morphological and molecular biology methods. The impact of ozone treatment on postharvest disease development and mycotoxin production was investigated. The results indicated that decay began on day 7 of storage and progressed thereafter. Nine mold species were isolated and characterized: day 7, two ; day 14, ; day 21, two species and ; day 28, and ; and day 49, . Ozone treatment markedly inhibited the development of postharvest disease and the mycotoxin production (such as, patulin, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, and sterigmatocystin) in the rotten tissue of inoculated with the nine isolates.
Topics: Humans; Mycotoxins; Angelica sinensis; Ozone; Patulin; Sterigmatocystin; Penicillium
PubMed: 36828468
DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020154 -
Marine Drugs Jan 2023Despite low temperatures, poor nutrient levels and high pressure, microorganisms thrive in deep-sea environments of polar regions. The adaptability to such extreme...
Despite low temperatures, poor nutrient levels and high pressure, microorganisms thrive in deep-sea environments of polar regions. The adaptability to such extreme environments renders deep-sea microorganisms an encouraging source of novel, bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, we isolated 77 microorganisms collected by a remotely operated vehicle from the seafloor in the Fram Strait, Arctic Ocean (depth of 2454 m). Thirty-two bacteria and six fungal strains that represented the phylogenetic diversity of the isolates were cultured using an One-Strain-Many-Compounds (OSMAC) approach. The crude EtOAc extracts were tested for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. While antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and was common for many isolates, only two bacteria displayed anticancer activity, and two fungi inhibited the pathogenic yeast . Due to bioactivity against and rich chemical diversity based on molecular network-based untargeted metabolomics, PS108-62 was selected for an in-depth chemical investigation. A chemical work-up of the SPE-fractions of its dichloromethane subextract led to the isolation of a new PKS-NRPS hybrid macrolactone, versicolide A (), a new quinazoline (-)-isoversicomide A (), as well as three known compounds, burnettramic acid A (), cyclopenol () and cyclopenin (). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of HRMS, NMR, [α], FT-IR spectroscopy and computational approaches. Due to the low amounts obtained, only compounds and could be tested for bioactivity, with inhibiting the growth of (IC 7.2 µg/mL). These findings highlight, on the one hand, the vast potential of the genus to produce novel chemistry, particularly from underexplored ecological niches such as the Arctic deep sea, and on the other, the importance of untargeted metabolomics for selection of marine extracts for downstream chemical investigations.
Topics: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Phylogeny; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Aspergillus; Fungi; Metabolome; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 36827136
DOI: 10.3390/md21020095 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Scientific examination of the heart of Blessed Pauline Jaricot-a French missionary figure-was carried out in 2022. As tandem mass spectrometry proteotyping has proven to...
Scientific examination of the heart of Blessed Pauline Jaricot-a French missionary figure-was carried out in 2022. As tandem mass spectrometry proteotyping has proven to be valuable to obtain the broad taxonomic repertoire of a given sample without any a priori information, we aimed at exploring the conditions of preservation of the relics and possible conditions of death. Metaproteomics and high-resolution microtomography imaging approaches were combined. A dataset comprising 6731 high-resolution MS/MS spectra was acquired and 968 of these spectra could be assigned to specific peptidic biomolecules. Based on the taxonomical information encompassed by the identified peptide sequences, 5 phyla were identified amongst eukaryota (94% of the biomass): Ascomycota (55%), with the species , and , corresponding to expected cadaverous fungal flora; Chordata (42%), represented by a unique species, ; Streptophyta (3%); and Arthropoda (traces). Bacteria (6% of the biomass) were poorly represented. No trace of embalming substance could be retrieved, nor any pathogens. Imaging evidenced no heart defect nor embalming traces. No evidence that was inconsistent with natural and spontaneous conservation could be retrieved. This study prefigures the power of modern molecular techniques such as paleoproteotyping coupled to microtomography to gain insight into historical relics.
Topics: Humans; Embalming; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Heart; Heart Defects, Congenital; Bacteria
PubMed: 36769339
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033011