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Middle East African Journal of... 2023The digital eye strain (DES) is of public health magnitude in students undertaking online studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The DES prevention strategies will be...
PURPOSE
The digital eye strain (DES) is of public health magnitude in students undertaking online studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The DES prevention strategies will be effective if all stakeholders, including parents, work together. We present an awareness level of preventive measures among parents of students studying online for 1 year.
METHODS
This web-based survey was held in December 2021. Parents of Saudi students in the Qassim region responded to 15 questions about the preventive measures for DES. The responses were summed up and graded into very poor, poor, good, and excellent. The level of awareness was associated with determinants.
RESULTS
The awareness was excellent in 566 of 704 (80.4%) (95% confidence interval 77.5-83.3) participants. Parents had poor awareness about the importance of the 20-20-20 rule (43.8%), frequent blinking (56.7%), using digital devices beyond studies (57.4%), using eye lubricants while using a digital device (56%), and using devices at night in lying position (69.6%). Excellent awareness was significantly associated with primary-level students ( = 0.0004), those having ophthalmic consultation in the past ( = 0.02), and students with DES ( = 0.0006). Parents with excellent awareness were not satisfied with online studies of their wards ( = 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Awareness of parents about preventive measures to address DES in students is relatively high. However, health promotion is recommended, especially focusing on the weak areas to improve DES and its impact on students.
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; Saudi Arabia; COVID-19; Parents; Students
PubMed: 38435105
DOI: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_72_22 -
European Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2024Physiological adaptation of the eye to the visual perception of near objects consists of the "near triad": convergence, accommodation, and pupil miosis. Normally, these... (Review)
Review
Physiological adaptation of the eye to the visual perception of near objects consists of the "near triad": convergence, accommodation, and pupil miosis. Normally, these tend to revert when one stops fixating on a near object. Spasm of the near reflex (SNR) is a pathological phenomenon, which manifests itself by the persistence of the above-mentioned adjustments, which prevents the eye from returning to its relaxed state. In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the etiology, diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of SNR. The literature review was performed by searching online databases. The clinical presentation of SNR is diverse; it presents as isolated accommodative spasm more frequently than impairment of all three components of the near triad. Patients usually present with fluctuations in visual acuity, blurred vision, diplopia, and asthenopia. The etiology is not fully understood. Potential causes include neuroanatomic, organic, and psychogenic disorders. The diagnosis is clinical, based on the constellation of symptoms and assessment of the near triad. The diagnostic golden standard is a cycloplegic examination of refraction, preferably using cyclopentolate hydrochloride (1%, 0.5%, or 0.1% solution). The first-line treatment requires the administration of a cycloplegic drug in combination with plus lenses, flipper lenses, optical fogging, or miotics. For secondary cases, causal treatment should be implemented. Prevention of SNR should be based on eliminating modifiable risk factors. We propose including screening for SNR symptoms in every ophthalmic examination, especially among patients with psychogenic or neural disorders, after brain trauma, or young adults spending much time in front of computer screens.
PubMed: 38433348
DOI: 10.1177/11206721241237309 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2024To investigate the frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students.
AIM
To investigate the frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students.
METHODS
Totally 158 student volunteers underwent routine vision examination in the optometry clinic of Guangxi Medical University. Their data were used to identify the different types of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction and to determine their frequency. Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with these abnormalities.
RESULTS
The results showed that 36.71% of the subjects had accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision issues, with 8.86% being attributed to accommodation dysfunction and 27.85% to binocular abnormalities. Convergence insufficiency (CI) was the most common abnormality, accounting for 13.29%. Those with these abnormalities experienced higher levels of eyestrain (=69.518, <0.001). The linear correlations were observed between the difference of binocular spherical equivalent (SE) and the index of horizontal esotropia at a distance (=0.231, =0.004) and the asthenopia survey scale (ASS) score (=0.346, <0.001). Furthermore, the right eye's SE was inversely correlated with the convergence of positive and negative fusion images at close range (=-0.321, <0.001), the convergence of negative fusion images at close range (=-0.294, <0.001), the vergence facility (VF; =-0.234, =0.003), and the set of negative fusion images at far range (=-0.237, =0.003). Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, age, and the difference in right and binocular SE did not influence the emergence of these abnormalities.
CONCLUSION
Binocular vision abnormalities are more prevalent than accommodation dysfunction, with CI being the most frequent type. Greater binocular refractive disparity leads to more severe eyestrain symptoms.
PubMed: 38371255
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.02.22 -
Applied Ergonomics May 2024The purpose of this paper is to establish an easy-to-use questionnaire for subjective evaluations of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) and visual fatigue caused by...
The purpose of this paper is to establish an easy-to-use questionnaire for subjective evaluations of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) and visual fatigue caused by stereoscopic 3D (s3D) images. We reviewed previously used questionnaires and extracted 51 important subjective evaluation items from them. We then recruited 251 participants to observe 3D images designed to easily induce sickness or visual fatigue, and we asked them to respond to the 51 items. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, four factors were extracted according to their factor loadings, and the number of items was reduced to 21. Further processing by confirmatory factor analysis led to the selection of 15 items. Comparing mean ratings for each factor before and after item reduction indicated that item reduction did not significantly affect the participant responses. Therefore, the 15-item Visually Induced Symptoms Questionnaire (VISQ), can be used to evaluate VIMS and s3D visual fatigue.
Topics: Humans; Asthenopia; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Motion Sickness; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38316071
DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104238 -
Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do... 2023Several studies have shown that eye and vision problems are among the most significant issues reported by individuals who use computers at work.
INTRODUCTION
Several studies have shown that eye and vision problems are among the most significant issues reported by individuals who use computers at work.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate individual and occupational environmental factors associated with visual function among workers who perform computer-based administrative tasks.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014-2015 with 303 workers of a public hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The participants answered a structured questionnaire, including the 25-Item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. Statistical analyses used descriptive analysis, tests of association and multiple linear regression analysis.
RESULTS
Most participants were female (61.1%); the mean age was 46.0 (standard deviation [SD]) ± 12.5, and approximately 91.7% of them reported wearing corrective lenses. Regarding visual function, the mean score at the 25-Item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire was 78.0, SD ±7.1. A regression analysis showed that visual function declined with age (ß -0.218; 95%CI -0.276--0.16l) and effort at work (ß -0.656; 95%CI -0.928--0.383).
CONCLUSIONS
The mean quality of visual health in the studied group was good. The younger the age and the lower the effort at work, the better the visual function. Our results point to the relevance of establishing periodical and preventive health actions, including eye health assessments.
PubMed: 38313084
DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2022-861 -
Medical & Biological Engineering &... May 2024Fatigue deteriorates the performance of a brain-computer interface (BCI) system; thus, reliable detection of fatigue is the first step to counter this problem. The...
Fatigue deteriorates the performance of a brain-computer interface (BCI) system; thus, reliable detection of fatigue is the first step to counter this problem. The fatigue evaluated by means of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals has been studied in many research projects, but widely different results have been reported. Moreover, there is scant research when considering the fatigue on steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI. Therefore, nowadays, fatigue detection is not a completely solved topic. In the current work, the issues found in the literature that led to the differences in the results are identified and saved by performing a new experiment on an SSVEP-based BCI system. The experiment was long enough to produce fatigue in the users, and different SSVEP stimulation ranges were used. Additionally, the EEG features commonly reported in the literature (EEG rhythms powers, SNR, etc.) were calculated as well as newly proposed features (spectral features and Lempel-Ziv complexity). The analysis was carried out on O1, Oz and O2 channels. This work found a tendency of displacement from high-frequency rhythms to low-frequency ones, and thus, better EEG features should present a similar behaviour. Then, the 'relative power' of EEG rhythms, the rates (θ + α)/β, α/β and θ/β, some spectral features (central and mean frequencies, asymmetry and kurtosis coefficients, etc.) and Lempel-Ziv complexity are proposed as reliable EEG features for fatigue detection. Hence, this set of features may be used to construct a more trustworthy fatigue index.
Topics: Humans; Brain-Computer Interfaces; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Asthenopia; Photic Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Electroencephalography; Algorithms
PubMed: 38267740
DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-03000-z -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023The role of ophthalmologists is defined by tasks requiring visual effort, emphasizing the importance of examining their condition within the realm of occupational visual...
INTRODUCTION
The role of ophthalmologists is defined by tasks requiring visual effort, emphasizing the importance of examining their condition within the realm of occupational visual health. Our goal was to explore the occurrence of asthenopia among Chinese ophthalmologists and identify contributing factors through the use of a reliable and validated survey instrument.
METHODS
A national cross-sectional online survey was carried out in June 2017, involving 6,220 practicing ophthalmologists in China. Utilizing an 11-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire with established reliability and validity. Prevalence rates of asthenopia among subgroups categorized by age, gender, hospital classification, physician level, daily near vision activity duration, sleep duration, sleep quality, presbyopia status, and history of eye surgery were determined using the independent -test, chi-square test and bonferroni test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to pinpoint independent factors linked to asthenopia.
RESULTS
Out of the 5,009 ophthalmologists who completed the survey, a 40.7% prevalence of asthenopia was identified. Multivariate analysis revealed that good sleep quality (OR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.20-0.30), moderate sleep quality (OR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.38-0.59), engaging in daily near vision activities for less than 7 h (OR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.68-0.86), having daily sleep duration exceeding 7 h (OR: 0.87, 95%CI: 0.77-0.98), and working in tertiary hospitals (OR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.78-0.99) were protective factors against asthenopia. Conversely, presbyopia was identified as a risk factor (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.04-1.70). All calculated values were below 0.05. Age, gender, physician level, and eye surgery history were not related factors.
CONCLUSION
Asthenopia is prevalent among Chinese ophthalmologists, with employment in tertiary hospitals providing a protective effect and presbyopia is a risk factor. Preventive strategies include improving sleep quality, restricting daily near vision activity to under 7 h, and extending daily sleep duration to over 7 h. Further investigation is needed to explore the protective implications of working in tertiary hospitals.
Topics: Humans; Asthenopia; Presbyopia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Ophthalmologists; Reproducibility of Results; China
PubMed: 38222083
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1290811 -
International Journal of Cancer May 2024Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) agents have exhibited pronounced tumor-inhibitory activity, yet the accompanying ocular toxicity has frequently been...
Anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) agents have exhibited pronounced tumor-inhibitory activity, yet the accompanying ocular toxicity has frequently been underestimated. We aim to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of ocular toxicity risk related to various anti-HER2 agents. We executed a retrospective pharmacovigilance investigation based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, covering the period from Q2 2018 to Q1 2023. The disproportionality analysis was performed to assess ocular toxicity risk. Multivariate logistic regression was implemented to mitigate potential biases. Moreover, the time to onset of ocular toxicity was also evaluated. A total of 3467 ocular adverse event (AE) reports concerning anti-HER2 agents were collected. At the preferred term (PT) level, there were 69 positive signals, among which excessive eye blinking, abnormal sensation in the eye, and asthenopia presented a significant risk. In comparison to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), antibody drugs were associated with a broader range of ocular disorders at Standardized MedDRA Queries (SMQ)levels, including conjunctival disorders, corneal disorders, ocular infections, ocular motility disorders, optic nerve disorders, and retinal disorders. In terms of onset time, pertuzumab displayed an earlier onset at 21.5 days, while trastuzumab deruxtecan had the latest at 91.5 days. In summary, our study reveals varying degrees of ocular toxicity related to anti-HER2 agents, with a significantly higher risk observed in antibody drugs. Additionally, novel ocular toxicity signals, not documented in product labels, have been detected. In the future, further research will be necessary to validate our findings.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Toxic Optic Neuropathy; Pharmacovigilance; Retrospective Studies; Databases, Factual; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems
PubMed: 38216995
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34848 -
Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery Jan 2024Recent studies on endoscopic submucosal dissection have aimed to reduce the difficulty of the procedure by using multi-degrees-of-freedom articulating devices. In this...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Recent studies on endoscopic submucosal dissection have aimed to reduce the difficulty of the procedure by using multi-degrees-of-freedom articulating devices. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of adding three-dimensional (3D) video imaging into simulated endoscopic submucosal dissection tasks using multi-degrees-of-freedom devices.
METHODS
We designed an endoscopic platform with a 3D camera and two multi-degrees-of-freedom devices. Four ex vivo bench tasks were created, and a crossover study comparing 2D and 3D conditions was conducted on 15 volunteers. In each task, performance such as procedure time and accuracy were objectively evaluated. Additionally, a comprehensive visual analogue scale questionnaire was conducted.
RESULTS
In the tasks simulating submucosal flap grasping, marking, and full-area incision, the use of 3D imaging significantly improved the speed and accuracy of the multi-degrees-of-freedom device manipulation (p < .01). No significant differences were observed in the task that simulated the dissection procedure. Furthermore, it appears that the accuracy of recognizing curved surfaces may be reduced in the 3D environment. Operators reported subjective increases in recognizability and operability with the 3D camera, along with an increase in asthenopia (p < .01).
CONCLUSIONS
3D vision improves the technical accuracy of certain simulated multi-degrees-of-freedom endoscopic submucosal dissection tasks and subjectively improved operating conditions, at the cost of increased eye strain.
Topics: Humans; Gastric Mucosa; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Cross-Over Studies; Endoscopy; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
PubMed: 38212266
DOI: 10.1111/ases.13275 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Dry Eye Syndromes; Asthenopia; Computers; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38131591
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1809_23