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Reply to Letter on Clinician Attitudes Toward Suicide Prevention Practices and Their Implementation.Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.) Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Suicide Prevention; Attitude of Health Personnel
PubMed: 38946260
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20240143 -
Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health Jun 2024The concept of patient-provider trust in prenatal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) screening remains unexplored. This concept analysis illuminates the role of trust... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The concept of patient-provider trust in prenatal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) screening remains unexplored. This concept analysis illuminates the role of trust in prenatal ACE screening to improve patient-provider relationships, increase patient uptake of ACE screening, and ensure that ACE screening is implemented in a strengths-based, trauma-informed way.
METHODS
A concept analysis was conducted using the Rodgers' evolutionary method to define the antecedents, attributes, and consequences of this construct. The databases searched were PubMed, PsychInfo, and Scopus between 2010 and 2021. A total of 389 articles were retrieved using the search terms prenatal, adverse childhood experiences screening, adverse childhood experiences, and adverse childhood experiences questionnaire. Included articles for detailed review contained prenatal screening, trauma screening (ACE or other), trust or building trust between patient and health care provider, patient engagement, and shared decision making. Excluded articles were those not in the context of prenatal care and that were exclusively about screening with no discussion about the patient-provider relationship or patient perspectives. A total of 32 articles were reviewed for this concept analysis.
RESULTS
We define trust in prenatal ACE screening as a network of evidence-based attributes that include the timing of the screening, patient familiarity with the health care provider, cultural competence, demystifying trauma, open dialogue between the patient and health care provider, and patient comfort and respect.
DISCUSSION
This concept analysis elucidates the importance of ACE screening and provides suggestions for establishing trust in the context of prenatal ACE screening. Results give insight and general guidance for health care providers looking to implement ACE screening in a trauma-informed way. Further research is needed to evaluate pregnant patients' attitudes toward ACE screening and how a health care provider's trauma history might influence their care. More inquiry is needed to understand the racial, ethnic, and cultural barriers to ACE screening.
PubMed: 38946242
DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13660 -
Acta Dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC Mar 2024The baseline therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD) includes emollient therapy, prevention of triggering factors and proper patients' education. Appropriate level of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
The baseline therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD) includes emollient therapy, prevention of triggering factors and proper patients' education. Appropriate level of education about AD among patients is crucial for successful treatment of the disease.
AIMS
To compare and evaluate the level of knowledge about baseline therapy in atopic dermatitis (AD) between the adults with AD and the parents of children with AD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Adult patients with AD (n=180) and parents of children with AD (n=106) completed an original questionnaire covering issues of emollient therapy and bathing. For statistical comparison a chi - square test was used with significance level of 0,05.
RESULTS
With significance level of 0,05, the chi - square test showed a statistically significant difference comparing both groups. 52,38% adults and 68,73% parents proved to know the principles of basic therapy (p<0,05). 55,00% adults and 50,00% parents have not been informed how to apply emollients appropriately (p>=0,05). 75,56% and 74,53%, respectively, seek additional education about it (p>=0,05). 63,89% adults and 49,06% parents have not been informed about the principles of bathing (p<0,05). 70,00% and 74,54%, respectively, expect more comprehensive explanation of bathing rules (p>=0,05).
CONCLUSIONS
Adults with AD have lesser knowledge about baseline therapy than parents of children with AD. Both groups express a very strong need for education about baseline therapy in AD.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Male; Female; Adult; Patient Education as Topic; Parents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Emollients; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Child; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Young Adult
PubMed: 38946184
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychology & Health Jun 2024Early career professionals (ECPs) are a critical target for physical activity (PA) promotion. Affect contributes to an established PA intention-behaviour gap and is...
UNLABELLED
Early career professionals (ECPs) are a critical target for physical activity (PA) promotion. Affect contributes to an established PA intention-behaviour gap and is pertinent among ECPs.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based intervention and explore the effects on secondary outcomes (moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), emotion regulation, multi-process action control constructs).
METHODS
Adults aged 25-44 who were employed at least part-time in a desk-based job and not meeting PA guidelines (<150 min MVPA) were recruited and randomized into a 6-week online intervention integrating acceptance and commitment principles and affect regulation strategies, or a control group.
RESULTS
Forty adults were recruited and randomized to the web-based intervention ( = 21) and waitlist control ( = 19). The recruitment rate was 29%, retention was 75%, engagement was 68%, and satisfaction was high in both quantitative and qualitative assessment. Participants allocated to the intervention improved MVPA (η=0.30), emotion regulation (η =0.49), behavioural regulation (η=0.53), affective attitude (η=0.23), identity (η=0.24), and constructs of mindfulness (η=0.44), and valued living (η=0.20).
CONCLUSIONS
Primary outcomes concerning feasibility were adequate and secondary outcomes improved, suggesting a full-scale randomized controlled trial is feasible with minor modifications. A large-scale study is warranted to establish intervention effectiveness.
PubMed: 38946146
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2372658 -
Psychology & Health Jun 2024In high-income countries, people with low socio-economic status (SES) engage in less leisure-time physical activity (PA) than those with higher SES. Beyond a...
OBJECTIVE
In high-income countries, people with low socio-economic status (SES) engage in less leisure-time physical activity (PA) than those with higher SES. Beyond a materialistic account of this difference, the role of motivational precursors-among which attitudes are emblematic-remains poorly understood, particularly when it comes to dissociating the automatic vs. deliberative components of attitudes. This pre-registered study aimed to examine the associations between SES (i.e. income and educational attainment) and motivational precursors of PA (i.e. explicit and implicit attitudes), and whether gender and age may moderate these relationships.
METHOD
We used data from 970 adults (64% of women; mean age = 33 ± 12 years) from the Attitudes, Identities, and Individual Differences (AIID) study.
RESULTS
Results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that participants with the highest level of income (>150,000$ per year) reported more positive explicit and implicit attitudes towards PA than those with lower income. Exploratory analysis further showed that women reported weaker explicit attitudes towards PA, while both explicit and implicit attitudes towards PA became weaker at age increases. In contrast, educational attainment was not significantly associated with those attitudes, and there was only mixed evidence for a moderating role of participants' gender on the pattern of associations.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that both the explicit and implicit attitudes towards PA may be socially patterned. Future intervention studies should examine whether these attitudinal differences could be reduced, and whether such a reduction could help buffer the unequal participation in PA behaviors across social groups.
PubMed: 38946132
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2371964 -
Health Sociology Review : the Journal... Jun 2024Rural Australian youth exhibit high rates of mental ill-health, exacerbated by reduced access to mental health services. While the need for innovative solutions is...
Rural Australian youth exhibit high rates of mental ill-health, exacerbated by reduced access to mental health services. While the need for innovative solutions is well-established rural youth themselves are frequently excluded from the dialogue, creating a significant gap in evidence and the development of relevant service provision that reflects young people's lived experiences. Drawing on the concepts of individualism and healthism and research highlighting the continuing importance of relationships and trust in the lives of young people in a digital society, we aim to better understand how rural youth understand mental health and navigate mental health services and information. Using a qualitative methodology, we held 2 small focus groups with a total of 8 young people in rural Tasmania to identify aspects of rural mental healthcare that require improvement and to contribute to developing new and innovative solutions. Findings indicate that rural Tasmanian youth face numerous structural, social, and cultural barriers to positive mental health. Rural self-reliance and generational differences in attitudes towards mental health can negatively affect youths' help-seeking behaviours. Findings from this study suggest a need to combine technology-and community-based approaches creating a multi-generational approach to combat mental ill-health among rural youth.
PubMed: 38946031
DOI: 10.1080/14461242.2024.2356871 -
The Journal of the Egyptian Public... Jul 2024Recently, climate change (CC) has garnered significant global attention. It has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental issues, resulting in a multitude of...
BACKGROUND
Recently, climate change (CC) has garnered significant global attention. It has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental issues, resulting in a multitude of adverse impacts on human well-being and health. This study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of the general population in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, about CC and its impact on health, identify factors affecting the general population's knowledge about CC, and highlight methods to solve this problem.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out on the general population in Ismailia governorate, Egypt. A snowball sample of participants (n = 150) was enrolled in the study by distributing an online Google form containing a structured self-administered questionnaire.
RESULTS
The participants had an average knowledge score of 27.42 ± 14.42, with 60% considered knowledgeable. About 54% knew the main cause of CC. Around 75% were aware of the environmental impacts of CC, and 69.3% knew about the effects on human health. Based on the questionnaire's results, 76.7% of respondents believed that increasing afforestation helps in the mitigation of CC and 77.3% believed that governments bear the responsibility for CC. Approximately 85% regarded increasing green spaces as an effective method to reduce CC on the country level. On an individual level, usage of energy-saving products was the most-favored option chosen by participants to help in reducing CC (82%). Gender, education level, and place of residence were significant factors affecting knowledge about CC.
CONCLUSIONS
Over 50% of the participants were knowledgeable about CC and the role of human activities in CC. Therefore, public awareness campaigns utilizing prominent media such as television and social media should be launched to improve CC literacy. These campaigns should be more directed at males, and people with lower levels of education and who live in rural areas in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt.
PubMed: 38945977
DOI: 10.1186/s42506-024-00162-y -
American Journal of Critical Care : An... Jul 2024Death after resuscitation from cardiac arrest is common. Although associated factors have been identified, knowledge about their relationship with specific modes of...
BACKGROUND
Death after resuscitation from cardiac arrest is common. Although associated factors have been identified, knowledge about their relationship with specific modes of death is limited.
OBJECTIVE
To identify clinical factors associated with specific modes of death following cardiac arrest.
METHODS
This study involved a retrospective medical record review of patients admitted to a single health care center from January 2015 to March 2020 after resuscitation from cardiac arrest who died during their index hospitalization. Mode of death was categorized as either brain death, withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies due to neurologic causes, death due to medical causes, or withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies due to patient preference. Clinical characteristics across modes of death were compared.
RESULTS
The analysis included 731 patients. Death due to medical causes was the most common mode of death. Compared with the other groups of patients, those with brain death were younger, had fewer comorbidities, were more likely to have experienced unwitnessed and longer cardiac arrest, and had more severe acidosis and hyperglycemia on presentation. Patients who died owing to medical causes or withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies due to patient preference were older and had more comorbidities, fewer unfavorable cardiac arrest characteristics, and fewer days between cardiac arrest and death.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant associations were found between several clinical characteristics and specific mode of death following cardiac arrest. Decision-making regarding withdrawal of care after resuscitation from cardiac arrest should be based on a multimodal approach that takes account of a variety of personal and clinical factors.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Middle Aged; Heart Arrest; Cause of Death; Withholding Treatment; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Brain Death; Aged, 80 and over; Age Factors; Comorbidity; Patient Preference
PubMed: 38945819
DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2024145 -
Digestive and Liver Disease : Official... Jun 2024VETC (vessel that encapsulate tumor cluster) is a peculiar vascular phenotype observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), associated with distant metastases and poor...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
VETC (vessel that encapsulate tumor cluster) is a peculiar vascular phenotype observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), associated with distant metastases and poor outcome. VETC has been linked to the Tie2/Ang2 axis and is characterized by lymphocytes poor (cold) tumor microenvironment (TME). In this setting the role of Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) has never been explored. Aim of the study is to investigate the presence and features of TAMs in VETC HCC and the possible interplay between TAMs and endothelial cells (ECs).
METHODS
The series under study included 42 HCC. Once separated according to the VETC phenotype (21 VETC; 21 VETC) we stained consecutive slides with immunohistochemistry for CD68, CD163 and Tie2. Slides were then scanned and QuPath used to quantify morphological features.
RESULTS
VETC cases were significantly (p < 0.001) enriched with large, lipid rich CD163+ TAMs (M2 oriented) that were spatially close to ECs; HCC cells significantly (p: 0.002) overexpressed Tie2 with a polarization toward ECs.
CONCLUSIONS
The pro-metastatic attitude of VETC is sustained by a strict morphological relationship between immunosuppressive M2-TAMs, ECs and Tie2-expressing HCC cells.
PubMed: 38945759
DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.06.016 -
Soins. Pediatrie, Puericulture 2024A qualitative study was carried out with five professionals in a pediatric intensive care unit in 2022. Semi-structured interviews were used to find out how they felt... (Review)
Review
A qualitative study was carried out with five professionals in a pediatric intensive care unit in 2022. Semi-structured interviews were used to find out how they felt about patients from their own culture, and about the role of their mother tongue in hospital care. Caregivers find it difficult to bring their own culture to the fore when caring for their patients. A description of the obstacles they encounter, as well as the advantages, is included.
Topics: Humans; Cultural Diversity; Transients and Migrants; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Attitude of Health Personnel
PubMed: 38945680
DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2024.05.008