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Toxicology Jun 2024Caramel color is a widely used food pigment, and 2-Acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI) is a by-products of Class III caramel color. Some studies have shown that...
Caramel color is a widely used food pigment, and 2-Acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI) is a by-products of Class III caramel color. Some studies have shown that THI can reduce the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, the comprehensive mechanism of THI immunotoxicity requires further study. In this study, the effects of THI on lymphocyte count, humoral immunity, cellular immunity and nonspecific immunity were determined and the effect of the nutritional status of VB6 on THI immunotoxicity was evaluated. Female BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups and fed chow containing different doses of VB6: VB6-normal (6 mg/kg VB6), VB6-deprived (0.5 mg/kg VB6) or VB6-enhanced (12 mg/kg VB6) feed. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups and treated with THI (0.5, 2.5 or 12.5 mg/kg bw) or the solvent control by gavage for 30 days. The thymic cortical thickness was measured with ViewPoint; the proportions of major immune cells and T cells in peripheral blood and tissues were detected via flow cytometry; the transformation and proliferation abilities of T and B cells were detected via T and B lymphocyte proliferation assays; NK cell activity was assessed via lactate dehydrogenase assays; humoral immune function was assessed via plaque-forming cell assays; and the immune function of T lymphocytes was assessed via delayed type hypersensitivity assays. The results showed that compared with those in the corresponding control group, the white blood cell count and lymphocyte count decreased significantly in all the VB6-deprived groups, in the 2.5 and 12.5 mg/kg VB6 groups, and in the 12.5 mg/kg VB6-enhanced group. With increasing THI dose, the thymic cortical layer became thinner. In the thymus, THI increased the proportions of CD3+ T cells and mature CD8+ T cells and decreased the proportions of immature double-positive, double-negative T cells and CD69-expressing lymphocytes. The proportions of naïve T cells and Tcm (central memory T) cells related to homing decreased. The proportion of mature T cells in the spleen decreased significantly. The proliferation of T cells stimulated by ConA decreased after THI exposure. VB6-deficient mice were more sensitive to THI immunotoxicity, and supplementation with VB6 had a certain protective effect on these mice. The results of the PFC and NK cell activity assays indicated that THI exposure might not affect humoral immune or innate immune function.
Topics: Animals; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Female; Mice; Imidazoles; Immunity, Humoral; Vitamin B 6; Lymphocyte Count; Nutritional Status; Thymus Gland; Immunity, Cellular; Spleen; Food Coloring Agents; Cell Proliferation; Lymphocytes; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 38768702
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153836 -
Clinics in Dermatology May 2024Hyaluronic acid filler injections have been associated with early, temporary, and delayed-onset complications. High-resolution ultrasound with Doppler analysis has been...
Hyaluronic acid filler injections have been associated with early, temporary, and delayed-onset complications. High-resolution ultrasound with Doppler analysis has been increasingly used to detect and identify such complications. We comprehensively describe the most common ultrasonographic findings of nonvascular complications associated with hyaluronic acid filler injections. This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at a reference center for dermatologic ultrasound in Bogotá, Colombia. Ultrasound reports documented the ultrasonographic findings of nonvascular complications of hyaluronic acid filler injections. Fifty-two complications were documented in a cohort of 50 patients (women, 88%). The infraorbital region was the most common site affected (23%), followed by the nasolabial region (22%). The Tyndall effect was the most common complication (25% of all), followed by changes in rheology (21%) and pseudosarcoidal (foreign body granuloma) reaction (15%). The Tyndall effect stood out for its distinctive ultrasonographic characteristics. We discuss the ultrasonographic findings and pathogenesis of other complications, including filler migration, early hypersensitivity, aseptic abscess, overcorrection, and filler material interaction. The clinical presentation of hyaluronic acid filler complications can be confusing, delaying timely diagnosis and treatment. High-resolution ultrasound with Doppler analysis is a valuable tool for avoiding unnecessary treatments and ensuring timely diagnosis and treatment.
PubMed: 38763380
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2024.05.006 -
Dermatology Online Journal Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Animals; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Bites and Stings; Male; Cnidarian Venoms; SARS-CoV-2; Scyphozoa; Female
PubMed: 38762871
DOI: 10.5070/D330163302 -
Dermatology Online Journal Mar 2024Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare immunologic hypersensitivity reaction to stimuli that presents as widespread eruption with...
Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare immunologic hypersensitivity reaction to stimuli that presents as widespread eruption with mucocutaneous detachment and involvement of other organs. Multiple causes have been noted in literature, including numerous medications. In this report, we present a 52-year-old woman who arrived at the emergency department with a complaint of rash, malaise, and pruritus. She subsequently developed diffuse cutaneous and mucosal detachment. Work-up supported a diagnosis of SJS/TEN secondary to her thyroid replacement therapy, derived from desiccated pig thyroid glands. The patient's natural thyroid medication was discontinued and she responded well to appropriate treatment. This case is unique in that thyroid replacement therapy is not a commonly reported trigger of SJS/TEN. Providers should be aware of the potential for natural thyroid and other animal-derived natural medications to cause adverse reactions such as SJS/TEN.
Topics: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Animals; Swine; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 38762864
DOI: 10.5070/D330163294 -
Journal of the American Academy of... May 2024
PubMed: 38762011
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.05.018 -
The National Medical Journal of India 2023Hepatic involvement in sarcoidosis, though common, is usually asymptomatic. Hepatomegaly and deranged liver function tests are the usual manifestations. However,...
Hepatic involvement in sarcoidosis, though common, is usually asymptomatic. Hepatomegaly and deranged liver function tests are the usual manifestations. However, unexplained hepatomegaly in sarcoidosis not responding to immunosuppressive therapy could indicate an alternative pathology. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), although seldom reported in sarcoidosis, can cause hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenias. HLH occurring concomitantly with hepatic sarcoidosis is extremely rare. We report a patient of systemic sarcoidosis who presented with fever, hepatosplenomegaly and jaundice despite being on steroid therapy. He was subsequently diagnosed with HLH. The clinical response to treatment with pulse steroid and oral cyclosporine was dramatic.
Topics: Humans; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; Sarcoidosis; Male; Cyclosporine; Hepatomegaly; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Diseases; Adult
PubMed: 38759982
DOI: 10.25259/NMJI_MS_314_21 -
Clinical Neurophysiology : Official... Jul 2024Infant hypersensitivity affects daily challenges and parental stress. Although the crucial role of tactile sensation in infants' brain function has been highlighted,...
OBJECTIVE
Infant hypersensitivity affects daily challenges and parental stress. Although the crucial role of tactile sensation in infants' brain function has been highlighted, hypersensitive infants and their families lack support. Electroencephalography may be useful for understanding hypersensitivity traits. We investigated the relationship between infant perceptual hypersensitivity and parental stress, somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP), and magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) in the general population.
METHODS
Infants aged 8 months (n = 63) were evaluated for hypersensitivity and parental stress using a questionnaire and for cortical activity using electroencephalography. Vibration stimuli were applied to the infant's left foot. SEP components that peaked around 150 ms (N2) and at 200 ms (P2) after stimulus onset were evaluated by amplitude and latency at the midline electrode (Cz) and MSC between the midline electrodes (C3-C4).
RESULTS
Parental stress was associated with infant hypersensitivity. The latency of Cz was delayed, and C3-C4 delta MSC was high in infants with hypersensitivity.
CONCLUSIONS
Increasing inter-hemispheric MSC synchrony in the stimulated condition in infants with hypersensitivity suggested atypical somatosensory cortical function.
SIGNIFICANCE
These findings contribute to identifying, understanding the mechanisms of, and developing effective coping strategies for early-stage hypersensitivity.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Infant; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Parents; Stress, Psychological; Somatosensory Cortex; Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 38759514
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.04.015 -
FASEB Journal : Official Publication of... May 2024Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to modulate the function of various subsets of T cells such as naïve CD4 T cells and IFNγCD4 Th1 cells; however,...
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to modulate the function of various subsets of T cells such as naïve CD4 T cells and IFNγCD4 Th1 cells; however, mechanisms underlying this regulation have not been fully deciphered. Our in vitro culture assays demonstrate that MSCs suppress the activation and function of CD4 T cells by secreting interleukin 11, and neutralization of IL11 abrogates MSC-mediated suppression of CD4 T cell function. Moreover, delayed-type, exogenous supplementation of IL11 significantly suppressed IFNγ expression by Th1 cells. Th1 and CD8 cells play central roles in T cell-mediated tissue damage. Using a murine model of hypersensitivity response to study T cell-mediated tissue damage, we show that silencing IL11 in MSCs significantly abates the capacity of MSCs to suppress the generation of IFNγ-secreting CD4 and CD8 cells, failing to prevent T cell-mediated tissue inflammation and tissue damage.
Topics: Animals; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Th1 Cells; Mice; Interleukin-11; Mice, Inbred C57BL; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Interferon-gamma; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Female
PubMed: 38758184
DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400078R -
The British Journal of Dermatology May 2024
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Dental Materials; Patch Tests; Aged
PubMed: 38758061
DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljae160 -
Allergologie Select 2024Allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most frequent occupational skin diseases. Targeted allergen avoidance can only be achieved by identification of the causative... (Review)
Review
Allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most frequent occupational skin diseases. Targeted allergen avoidance can only be achieved by identification of the causative allergen. Therefore, patch testing is of utmost importance in occupational dermatology, not only in terms of assessing causal relationships but also regarding the implementation of prevention measures and evaluation of the legal criteria for an occupational skin disease in Germany (statutory occupational disease BK 5101). The lack of commercial patch test preparations poses a great diagnostic challenge. Patch testing of patient's own materials from their workplace is therefore very important to reduce diagnostic gaps. The performance and documentation of the patch test should be in line with current guidelines and recommendations to ensure the necessary test quality and comprehensibility of the test results.
PubMed: 38756208
DOI: 10.5414/ALX2483E