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Aquaculture Nutrition 2023This study investigated the effects of the oat bran addition on the growth performance and intestinal health of Nile tilapia () exposed to copper ions. Four groups of...
This study investigated the effects of the oat bran addition on the growth performance and intestinal health of Nile tilapia () exposed to copper ions. Four groups of diets containing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% oat bran were fed to Nile tilapia for four weeks. The results showed that oat bran had a dose-dependent effect on the growth performance of Nile tilapia. The addition of oat bran can increase the relative abundance of , which is capable of degrading heavy metals in the intestinal tract and alleviating the intestinal damage caused by copper ion stress. Compared to the control group, the 5% oat bran group had an increased intestinal antioxidant capacity. The relative gene expression of proinflammatory factors (NF-B, IL-1) was significantly downregulated in the 5% oat bran group ( < 0.05), and the relative gene expression of anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-), HIF-1, occludin, and claudin was significantly upregulated ( < 0.05). In conclusion, we suggest that 5% oat bran should be added to the diet to improve the growth performance of Nile tilapia and alleviate the negative effects of copper ion stress on intestinal health.
PubMed: 37384036
DOI: 10.1155/2023/5329546 -
Forensic Science International Aug 2023If vaginal fluid is found on clothing or on the body of the suspect, it may indicate the occurrence of sexual assault. Therefore, it is important to collect the victim's...
If vaginal fluid is found on clothing or on the body of the suspect, it may indicate the occurrence of sexual assault. Therefore, it is important to collect the victim's vaginal fluid at different sites from the suspect. Previous studies have revealed that fresh vaginal fluids can be identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. However, the influence of environmental factors on the stability of microbial markers must be investigated before being used in forensic practice. We collected vaginal fluid from nine unrelated individuals and placed each individual of vaginal swab on five different substrates. A total of 54 vaginal swabs were analyzed using 16S rRNA on the V3-V4 regions. Then, we constructed a random forest model including the samples of all vaginal fluids in this study and the other four types of body fluids in our previous studies. The alpha diversity of vaginal samples increased after exposure to the substrate environment for 30 days. The dominant vaginal bacteria were Lactobacillus and Gardnerella, which remained relatively stable after exposure, with Lactobacillus being the most abundant in all substrates, while Gardnerella was more abundant in other substrates than in the polyester fiber substrate. Except for bed sheets, Bifidobacterium significantly declined when placed on other substrates. Rhodococcus and Delftia from the substrate environment migrated to the vaginal samples. Rhodococcus was abundant in polyester fibers, and Delftia was abundant in wool substrates, while those environmental bacteria were all in low abundance in bed sheets. Overall, the bed sheet substrates showed a good retention capacity for the dominant flora and could reduce the number of taxa migrated by the environment compared with the other substrates. Both fresh and exposed vaginal samples of the same individuals could mostly be clustered and clearly distinguished from different individuals, showing the potential of individual identification, and the confusion matrix value of body fluid identification for vaginal samples was 1. In summary, vaginal samples placed on the surface of different substrates retained their stability and demonstrated good application potential for individual and body fluid identification.
Topics: Humans; Female; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Body Fluids; Vagina; Microbiota; Polyesters
PubMed: 37339565
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111766 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Jun 2023Although the presence of micro-organisms in the blood of healthy humans is a relatively new concept, there is a growing amount of evidence that blood might have its own...
Although the presence of micro-organisms in the blood of healthy humans is a relatively new concept, there is a growing amount of evidence that blood might have its own microbiome. Previous research has targeted the taxonomic composition of the blood microbiome using DNA-based sequencing methods, while little information is known about the presence of microbial transcripts obtained from the blood and their relation to conditions connected with increased gut permeability. To detect potentially alive and active micro-organisms and investigate differences in taxonomic composition between healthy people and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), we used the metatranscriptomics approach. We collected blood samples from 23 IBS patients and 26 volunteers from the general population, and performed RNAseq on the isolated RNA. Reads corresponding to microbial genomes were identified with Kraken 2's standard plus protozoa and fungi database, and re-estimated at genus level with Bracken 2.7. We looked for trends in the taxonomic composition, making a comparison between the IBS and control groups, accounting for other different factors. The dominant genera in the blood microbiome were found to be , , , , , , , , and . Some of these are typical environmental bacteria and could partially represent contamination. However, analysis of sequences from the negative controls suggested that some genera which are characteristic of the gut microbiome (, , , , , , , , , , , , ) are less likely to be a result of contamination. Differential analysis of microbes between groups showed that some taxa associated with the gut microbiome (, , , , , ) are more prevalent in IBS patients compared to the general population. No significant correlations with any other factors were identified. Our findings support the existence of the blood microbiome and suggest the gut and possibly the oral microbiome as its origin, while the skin microbiome is a possible but less certain source. The blood microbiome is likely influenced by states of increased gut permeability such as IBS.
Topics: Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Klebsiella; Case-Control Studies; Feces; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 37335601
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001719 -
Bioresource Technology Sep 2023Removing erythromycin from the environment is a major challenge. In this study, a dual microbial consortium (Delftia acidovorans ERY-6A and Chryseobacterium indologenes...
Removing erythromycin from the environment is a major challenge. In this study, a dual microbial consortium (Delftia acidovorans ERY-6A and Chryseobacterium indologenes ERY-6B) capable of degrading erythromycin was isolated, and the erythromycin biodegradation products were studied. Coconut shell activated carbon was modified and its adsorption characteristics and erythromycin removal efficiency of the immobilized cells were studied. It was indicated that alkali-modified and water-modified coconut shell activated carbon and the dual bacterial system had excellent erythromycin removal ability. The dual bacterial system follows a new biodegradation pathway to degrade erythromycin. The immobilized cells removed 95% of erythromycin at a concentration of 100 mg L within 24 h through pore adsorption, surface complexation, hydrogen bonding, and biodegradation. This study provides a new erythromycin removal agent and for the first time describes the genomic information of erythromycin-degrading bacteria, providing new clues regarding bacterial cooperation and efficient erythromycin removal.
Topics: Erythromycin; Charcoal; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Adsorption
PubMed: 37315621
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129288 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023This study aimed to explore the differences between Eucommiae cortex (EC) endophytic bacteria from different origins and their effects on the active ingredients of EC.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the differences between Eucommiae cortex (EC) endophytic bacteria from different origins and their effects on the active ingredients of EC.
METHODS
A total of 10 samples of Oliv. () bark were collected from each of the following four regions, namely, Zunyi in Guizhou (GZ), Baokang in Hubei (HUB), Cili in Hunan (HUN), and Loyang in Shaanxi (SX). Subsequently, the contents of the main active ingredients of EC were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and the endophytic bacteria of EC were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing. The relationship between the dominant endophytic bacteria and the active ingredients was investigated by correlation analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 4,551 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were delineated in the four groups of samples, of which 585, 439, 957, and 684 genera were annotated from GZ, HUB, HUN, and SX, respectively. The richness and diversity of endophytic bacteria from different origins were ranked as HUN > SX > GZ or HUB. The analysis demonstrated that there was no significant correlation between the diversity and richness of endophytic bacteria in EC and its active ingredients. Nevertheless, notable variations in the community structures of endophytic bacteria were observed across different origins, and they had a considerable impact on certain active ingredients in EC. and were the dominant genera. Characteristic bacteria of different origins could be clearly distinguished. Simultaneous, significant correlations had been identified between some characteristic endophytic bacteria derived from different origins and active ingredients of EC. For example, , a characteristic bacterium from GZ, showed a significant positive correlation with pinoresinol diglucoside. and , two characteristic bacteria from HUB, exhibited significant positive correlations with geniposidic acid. , a characteristic bacterium from HUN, demonstrated a significant positive correlation with geniposide. , a characteristic bacterium from SX, displayed a significant positive correlation with pinoresinol diglucoside.
CONCLUSION
There was a complex correlation between EC endophytic bacteria and active ingredient content, while EC endophytic bacteria from different origins had significant differences at the genus level.
PubMed: 37266017
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164674 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jul 2023Ethyl hexanoate and ethyl butyrate are essential to the flavor compounds in Nongxiangxing baijiu, but low levels of these two esters in upper fermented grains (FG)...
Application of Clostridium butyricum, Rummeliibacillus suwonensis, and Issatchenkia orientalis for Nongxiangxing baijiu fermentation: Improves the microbial communities and flavor of upper fermented grain.
Ethyl hexanoate and ethyl butyrate are essential to the flavor compounds in Nongxiangxing baijiu, but low levels of these two esters in upper fermented grains (FG) decreases the quality of upper distilled baijiu, representing the main challenge in Nongxiangxing baijiu production. This paper enhanced fermentation by inoculating functional Clostridium butyricum, Rummeliibacillus suwonensis, and Issatchenkia orientalis strains into upper FG. The results showed that the ethyl butyrate content in the upper FG increased significantly and the content of ethyl hexanoate did improve from the results of many determinations. High-throughput sequencing indicated that the dominant phyla in the FG were Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and person correlation network revealed the relationship between the microbial community, physicochemical environment, and flavor compounds. The temperature, oxygen, and acidity were closely related to the microbial community, while most flavor compounds were positively correlated with Caldicoprobacter, Caproiciproducens, Delftia, Hydrogenispora, Thermoactinomyces, Issatchenkia Bacillus, and Aspergillus. These results helped improve the quality of Nongxiangxing baijiu.
Topics: Humans; Alcoholic Beverages; Clostridium butyricum; Fermentation; Microbiota
PubMed: 37254333
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112885 -
3 Biotech Jun 2023Biogeochemical reduction and mobilization of sediment-bound arsenic (As) is the major concern for widespread groundwater As contamination in the middle Gangetic plains....
UNLABELLED
Biogeochemical reduction and mobilization of sediment-bound arsenic (As) is the major concern for widespread groundwater As contamination in the middle Gangetic plains. The present work examines a microcosm based bio-stimulation study and substrate amendments over 45 days to analyze the bacterial community structure and distribution to indicate the possible in-situ bioremediation strategy in the area. Initially, Bacterial phyla was predominantly present in all the samples, followed by , and whereas was noted as the minor group. In genus level, , and were the major groups of bacteria in the As-rich aquifer system, while dominated the bio-stimulated samples, followed by a minute portion of . Alpha diversity and Chaol curve further determined the species richness in the samples with an As tolerant capacity of 152.28 ppb. The presence of γ- as the dominating member in high As-content water indicated their predominant role in As mobilization, whereas, dominance of members in low As-content water indicated their involvement in As detoxification. The complete change in microbial community structure within the bio-stimulated conditions indicated the extensive role of arsenite-oxidizing microbial communities within different levels of As-contaminated areas in Bihar that will enlighten the significant role of these communities in As-biogeochemical cycle.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03612-0.
PubMed: 37251727
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03612-0 -
Pediatric Neurology Aug 2023To investigate the activity of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of childhood epilepsy and to define biomarkers capable of assisting with determining new strategies...
BACKGROUND
To investigate the activity of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of childhood epilepsy and to define biomarkers capable of assisting with determining new strategies in that context.
METHODS
Twenty children with epilepsy of "unknown etiology" and seven healthy controls in the same age group were included in the study. The groups were compared using a questionnaire. Stool samples were stored in tubes containing DNA/RNA Shield (Zymo Research) with a sterile swab. Sequencing was carried out using the MiSeq System (Illumina). The 16S rRNA sequencing of samples using next-generation sequencing involved V4 variable region polymerase chain reaction amplification concluded by 2 × 250-bp paired-end sequencing of amplicons and at least 50,000 reads (>Q30) per sample. DNA sequences were classified at the genus level using the Kraken program. Bioinformatics and statistical analysis were then performed.
RESULTS
Individuals' gut microbiota relative abundance values differed between the groups at the genus, order, class, family, and phylum levels. Flavihumibacter, Niabella, Anoxybacillus, Brevundimonas, Devosia, and Delftia were seen only in the control group, whereas Megamonas and Coriobacterium were observed only in the epilepsy group. The linear discriminant analysis effect size method identified 33 taxa as important in differentiating the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
We think that bacterial varieties (such as Megamonas and Coriobacterium) that differ between the two groups can be employed as useful biomarkers in the diagnosis and follow-up of epileptic patients. We also predict that, in addition to epilepsy treatment protocols, the restoration of eubiotic microbiota may increase the success of treatment.
Topics: Child; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Epilepsy; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37245274
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.04.006 -
Chemosphere Sep 2023Microbial consortia HY3 and JY3 with high degradation efficiency of 2-Diethylamino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine (DHMP) were isolated from aerobic and parthenogenic ponds...
Microbial consortia HY3 and JY3 with high degradation efficiency of 2-Diethylamino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine (DHMP) were isolated from aerobic and parthenogenic ponds of DHMP-containing pharmaceutical wastewater, respectively. Both consortia were enriched and reached stable degradation performance with a DHMP concentration of 1500 mg L. The DHMP degradation efficiencies of HY3 and JY3 were 95.66% ± 0.24% and 92.16% ± 2.34% under the condition of shaking at 180 r·min and the temperature of 30 °C for 72 h. And the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand were 89.14% ± 4.78% and 80.30% ± 11.74%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that three bacterial phyla of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were dominant in both HY3 and JY3, but their dominances varied. At the genus level, the richness of Unclassified Comamonadaceae (34.23%), Paracoccus (14.75%), and Brevundimonas (13.94%) ranked top three in HY3 whereas Unclassified Comamonadaceae (40.80%), Unclassified Burkholderiales (13.81%) and Delftia (13.11%) were dominant in JY3. The metabolites of DHMP degradation by HY3 and JY3 were analyzed in detail. Two pathways for cleavage of the nitrogenous heterocyclic ring were speculated, one of which was identified for the first time in this study.
Topics: Wastewater; Microbial Consortia; Bacteria; Heterocyclic Compounds; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Bioreactors
PubMed: 37217008
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139000 -
Porcine Health Management May 2023In tropical environments, boar semen is prepared either from a boar on the same farm as the sow herd or collected in semen collection centers and then transported to...
BACKGROUND
In tropical environments, boar semen is prepared either from a boar on the same farm as the sow herd or collected in semen collection centers and then transported to other farms. Thus, the semen doses can be used for artificial insemination either immediately or preserved for 2-3 days. The present study investigated the bacteriospermia and its antimicrobial resistance in relation to boar sperm quality during short-term storage in semen extender with or without antibiotics in Thailand. M&M: In total, 20 Duroc ejaculates were collected. Each ejaculate was diluted in Beltsville Thawing Solution extender either with 0.25 g of gentamicin per liter (ANTIBIOTIC) or without gentamicin (NO-ANITIBIOTIC) to create semen doses containing 3,000 × 10 sperm/100 mL. These were stored at 17 °C for 4 days. Semen characteristics and total bacterial count (CFU per mL, log) were measured after collection and during storage.
RESULTS
Sperm viability was decreased by 6.4% for every 1.0 log increase in total bacterial count (p = 0.026) and Staphylococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated across ejaculates. Throughout the 4 days of storage, sperm motility, viability and acrosome integrity in the ANTIBIOTIC group were higher than those in the NO-ANTIBIOTIC group (p < 0.05), while the total bacterial count was lower (1.9 ± 0.1 versus 3.9 ± 0.1 log, respectively; p < 0.001). Without antibiotic supplementation, the total numbers of bacteria counted on days 2 and 3 of storage were higher than those determined on days 0 and 1 (p < 0.001). Differences in semen quality were detected on days 2 and 3 between the NO-ANTIBIOTIC and ANTIBIOTIC groups in high-viability semen (p < 0.05). However, no differences in sperm quality between the NO-ANTIBIOTIC and ANTIBIOTIC groups were detected in the low-viability semen on each storage day (p > 0.05). On the last day of preservation, Globicatella sanguinis (57.2%), Delftia acidovorans (18.9%) and Micrococcus spp. (5.9%) remained as the top three most abundant contaminants in the semen with antibiotic.
CONCLUSION
Our findings contribute new insights toward reducing antibiotics as well as rational antibiotic use in the boar AI industry. The growth of bacteria was significantly greater only after 2 days of preservation in the semen without antibiotic. For semen doses diluted from highly viable ejaculates, it is possible to store for 2 days without any antibiotic supplementation. Moreover, bacterial counts increased at the end of storage in the presence of gentamycin, suggesting the loss of bacteriostatic properties of gentamicin to the growth of bacteria during storage.
PubMed: 37198655
DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00320-2