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Polymers May 2021The aim of this study is to present the possible influence of natural substances on the aging properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA)...
The aim of this study is to present the possible influence of natural substances on the aging properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) eco-friendly elastic blends. Therefore, the ENR/PLA blends were filled with natural pro-health substances of potentially antioxidative behavior, namely, δ-tocopherol (vitamin E), curcumin, β-carotene and quercetin. In this way, the material biodeterioration potential was maintained and the material's lifespan was prolonged while subjected to increased temperatures or high-energy UVA irradiation (340 nm). The investigation of the samples' properties indicated that curcumin and quercetin are the most promising natural additives that may contribute to the delay of ENR/PLA degradation under the above-mentioned conditions. The efficiency of the proposed new natural anti-aging additives was proven with static mechanical analysis, color change investigation, as well as mass loss during a certain aging. The aging coefficient, which compares the mechanical properties before and after the aging process, indicated that the ENR/PLA performance after 200 h of accelerated aging might decrease only by approximately 30% with the blend loaded with quercetin. This finding paves new opportunities for bio-based and green anti-aging systems employed in polymer technology.
PubMed: 34064033
DOI: 10.3390/polym13111677 -
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu = Journal of Hygiene... Mar 2021To establish a method for the determination of vitamin A(retinol) and four active forms of vitamin E(α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol) in...
OBJECTIVE
To establish a method for the determination of vitamin A(retinol) and four active forms of vitamin E(α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol) in human serum by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).
METHODS
The sample was deproteinized by methanol, then extracted by n-hexane, dryness under nitrogen and followed by a reconstitution with methanol. The analysis was performed on a C_(30) column(3 mm×150 mm, 2. 6 μm), and isometric elution using 0. 1% formic acid in methanol and 5 mmol/L ammonium formate in 0. 1% formic acid as the mobile phase. The samples were determined by mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode with the multiple reaction monitoring mode, quantified by the internal standard method.
RESULTS
Vitamin A and four active forms of vitamin E were separated within 42 minutes, and β-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol can be distinguished. The linear was good for retinol in the range of 0. 0050-2. 5 μg/mL, 0. 036-20 μg/mL for α-tocopherol, 0. 042-8. 0 μg/mL for β-tocopherol and 0. 020-10 μg/mL for the other tocopherols. The limits of detection for retinol and tocopherols were in the range of 5. 76-31. 6 ng/mL. Recoveries of retinol and tocopherols at different levels were in range of 84. 4%-118. 6%, with the relative standard deviations were 1. 22%-8. 50%(n=6).
CONCLUSION
This method is fast, accurate and sensitive and the preprocessing is simple, which can be used for determination of vitamin A and four active forms of vitamin E in human serum effectively.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vitamin A; Vitamin E
PubMed: 33985641
DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.02.023 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021The extraction of bioactive compounds present in walnut ( L.) male flowers (WMFs) was performed based on an experimental design using ultrasonic-assisted extraction....
Enhanced Recovery of Phenolic and Tocopherolic Compounds from Walnut ( L.) Male Flowers Based on Process Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted-Extraction: Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities.
The extraction of bioactive compounds present in walnut ( L.) male flowers (WMFs) was performed based on an experimental design using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Solvent nature, extraction time, and water content were selected as experimental variables, and phenolic, flavonoidic, and condensed tannins contents and antioxidant properties were evaluated. Acetone was the solvent with the highest extraction performance, with the extracts obtained using this solvent displaying an increased concentration of bioactive compounds and increased antioxidant activities. For several extracts with high bioactive content, individual polyphenolic and tocopherolic compounds were evaluated by means of LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. The best extraction conditions for polyphenolic (2.86 mg gallic acid equivalents/g WMF) and tocopherolic compounds (29.4 µg/g WMF) were acetone with 40% water content (N20) and acetone with 20% water content (N15), respectively. Although the total tocopherol concentrations were lower than in other parts, most of the total tocopherol quantity was provided by the highly biologically active δ-tocopherol (84%). Significant quantities of quercetin (101.9 µg/g), hyperoside (2662.9 µg/g), quercitrin (405.7 µg/g), and isoquercitrin (1293.7 µg/g) were determined in WMF (N20). Both extracts inhibited the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase and tyrosinase; however, an increased inhibition was observed for N20, the extract with the higher polyphenolic content. Conversely, N15 had higher anticancerous activity on the cell lines used, with a moderate selectivity towards the cancerous phenotype being observed for both extracts. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, both extracts displayed good antioxidant activities in cellular cultures, decreasing basal and HO-induced oxidative stress. This is the first characterization of both hydrophilic and lipophilic phytochemicals in WMF extracts. The outcomes of our study reveal that walnut male flowers have strong biological activities, thus justifying further research to demonstrate their usefulness in the food, pharmaceutical, and/or cosmetic industries.
PubMed: 33920912
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040607 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Jun 2021The lipid fraction of seeds from different pine species and populations was studied regarding total lipid content, fatty acid profile and vitamin E composition. The...
The lipid fraction of seeds from different pine species and populations was studied regarding total lipid content, fatty acid profile and vitamin E composition. The investigated seeds contained a high percentage of lipid (13.6 to 31.5 %). Lipid fractions were found to be rich in vitamin E, which varied significantly among species and populations. P. halepensis (Ph-Hn) showed the highest content of vitamin E (256.3 mg/kg of seeds) and the uppermost content of α-tocopherol (44 mg/kg). However, P. halepensis (Ph-Kas) was the richest in γ-tocopherol (204.9 mg/kg). Lipid fractions had a low content of δ-tocopherol (1.2 to 3.6 mg/kg. The highest content of γ-tocotrienol (∼18 %) was determined for P. halepensis (Ph-Dc and Ph-Hn). Thirteen fatty acids were identified by GC-FID with significant variation between the investigated species. The linoleic acid was the major fatty acid followed by oleic acid and palmitic acid. The chemical differentiation among species for the composition of fatty acids and vitamin E was confirmed by PCA. Significant correlations were observed between the content of vitamin E and fatty acids and ecological parameters of P. halepensis populations.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Lipids; Pinus; Seeds; Tunisia; Vitamin E
PubMed: 33871171
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100071 -
International Journal of Cosmetic... Aug 2021We investigated the dermal bioavailability and antioxidative properties of a sunscreen formulation containing two antioxidants, oxothiazolidine (OTZ) and δ-tocopheryl...
Sustained effect of two antioxidants (oxothiazolidine and δ-tocopheryl glucoside) for immediate and long-term sun protection in a sunscreen emulsion based on their different penetrating properties.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the dermal bioavailability and antioxidative properties of a sunscreen formulation containing two antioxidants, oxothiazolidine (OTZ) and δ-tocopheryl glucoside (DTG). OTZ reacts directly with reactive oxygen species to form taurine, while DTG is metabolized in δ-tocopherol to achieve antioxidative activities.
METHODS
After topical application to a hair follicle-derived reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model, followed by solar-simulated radiation, kinetics of bioavailability and antioxidative responses were measured over 24 h. Markers for oxidative stress were malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities.
RESULTS
The two antioxidants had different bioavailability profiles: OTZ was rapidly and extensively absorbed, whereas DTG was slowly absorbed and converted to δ-tocopherol. Compared to OTZ alone, the protection against effects on MDA levels and SOD and catalase activities was higher when DTG was used alone or in combination with OTZ. When used in combination, the degree of protection increased over time and remained constant over 24 h with maximal protection 2 h post-irradiation. DTG slowly penetrated into the skin and was present in the skin at all post-irradiation timepoints, thus allowing a slow but constant supply of δ-tocopherol over at least 24 h. By contrast, the oxidative protection by OTZ was immediate but short-lived due to its rapid penetration through the RHE and into the receptor fluid.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate a complementary sunlight protective action of OTZ and DTG with an immediate delivery of OTZ just after topical application of the formulation, and a prolonged skin delivery of δ-tocopherol from the slower penetration and metabolism of DTG.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Antioxidants; Biological Availability; Catalase; Emulsions; Humans; Malondialdehyde; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Skin; Sunscreening Agents; Superoxide Dismutase; Thiazolidines; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 33848378
DOI: 10.1111/ics.12705 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Phytosterols and tocopherols are commonly used in food and pharmaceutical industries for their health benefits. Current analysis methods rely on conventional liquid...
Phytosterols and tocopherols are commonly used in food and pharmaceutical industries for their health benefits. Current analysis methods rely on conventional liquid chromatography, using an analytical column, which can be tedious and time consuming. However, simple, and fast analytical methods can facilitate their qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this study, a fast chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (FC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of phytosterols and tocopherols. Omitting chromatography by employing flow injection analysis-mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) failed in the quantification of target analytes due to analyte-to-analyte interferences from phytosterols. These interferences arise from their ambiguous MS fingerprints that would lead to false identification and inaccurate quantification. Therefore, a C18 guard column with a 1.9 µm particle size was employed for FC-MS/MS under isocratic elution using acetonitrile/methanol (99:1 /) at a flow rate of 600 µL/min. Analyte-to-analyte interferences were identified and eliminated. The false peaks could then be easily identified due to chromatographic separation. In addition, two internal standards were evaluated, namely cholestanol and deuterated cholesterol. Both internal standards contributed to the observed analyte-to-analyte interferences; however, adequate shift in the retention time for deuterated cholesterol eliminated its interferences and allowed for an accurate quantification. The method is fast (1.3 min) compared to published methods and can distinguish false peaks observed in FIA-MS. Seven analytes were quantified simultaneously, namely brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol. The method was successfully applied in the quantitative analysis of phytosterols and tocopherols present in the unsaponifiable matter of canola oil deodorizer distillate (CODD). β-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol were the most abundant phytosterols and tocopherols, respectively.
Topics: Calibration; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, Liquid; Phytosterols; Plants; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tocopherols
PubMed: 33807675
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051402 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2021Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) proteins form a superfamily found in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. However, few fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain...
Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) proteins form a superfamily found in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota. However, few fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain (FAHD)-containing proteins have been studied in Metazoa and their role in plants remains elusive. Sequence alignments revealed high homology between two FAHD-containing proteins and human FAHD1 (hFAHD1) implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction-associated senescence. Transcripts of the closest hFAHD1 orthologue in Arabidopsis (AtFAHD1a) peak during seed maturation drying, which influences seed longevity and dormancy. Here, a homology study was conducted to assess if AtFAHD1a contributes to seed longevity and vigour. We found that an T-DNA insertional line () had extended seed longevity and shallower thermo-dormancy. Compared to the wild type, metabolite profiling of dry seeds showed that the concentrations of several amino acids, some reducing monosaccharides, and δ-tocopherol dropped, whereas the concentrations of dehydroascorbate, its catabolic intermediate threonic acid, and ascorbate accumulated. Furthermore, the redox state of the glutathione disulphide/glutathione couple shifted towards a more reducing state in dry mature seeds, suggesting that AtFAHD1a affects antioxidant redox poise during seed development. In summary, AtFAHD1a appears to be involved in seed redox regulation and to affect seed quality traits such as seed thermo-dormancy and longevity.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Germination; Humans; Hydrolases; Longevity; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Dormancy; Seeds
PubMed: 33804275
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062997 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Mar 2021Low morphine yielding winter ('Zeno Morphex') and summer ('Viola', 'Mieszko', 'Borowski') poppy varieties were investigated for their chemical composition and sensory...
Low morphine yielding winter ('Zeno Morphex') and summer ('Viola', 'Mieszko', 'Borowski') poppy varieties were investigated for their chemical composition and sensory properties. The oil content of the 13 seed samples as well as that of fatty acids, tocopherols, and volatile compounds in the respective oils were determined, and the sensory profiles of the seeds and oils were established. Linoleic acid made up 70.7-75.2% of the fatty acids. High amounts of γ-tocopherol were detected, especially in variety 'Viola' (287 ± 34 mg kg), while δ-tocopherol was only present in 'Zeno Morphex' (3.9 ± 0.6 mg kg). The most abundant volatiles were caproic acid (1.4-148 μg g), hexanal (0.9-15.2 μg g), 1-hexanol (0.3-20.1 μg g), limonene (1.3-9.4 μg g), and 2-pentylfuran (1.0-7.8 μg g). The sensory panel distinguished samples in particular by fatty/oily, rancid, sweet, and green attributes, the green aroma being correlated to three methoxypyrazines only present in summer poppies.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Morphine; Papaver; Plant Oils; Seeds; Tocopherols
PubMed: 33722000
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07183 -
Talanta Apr 2021The characterization of Argan oils to classify them in three categories ('Extra Virgin', 'Virgin' and 'Lower quality') was evaluated. A total of 120 Moroccan Argan oils...
The characterization of Argan oils to classify them in three categories ('Extra Virgin', 'Virgin' and 'Lower quality') was evaluated. A total of 120 Moroccan Argan oils samples from the Taroudant Argan forest was investigated. The free acidity, peroxide value, spectrophotometric indices (K232 and K270), fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherol contents were assessed. The samples were also scanned by FTIR spectroscopy. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and four classification methods, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA), K-nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM), were applied on both the chemical and spectral data. Besides the conventional chemical profiling, FTIR spectra were evaluated for their feasibility as a rapid non-invasive approach for classifying and predicting the oil quality categories. The most important variables for differentiating the oil categories were identified as K, peroxide value, ɣ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, acidity, stigma-8-22-dien-3β-ol, stearic acid (C) and linoleic acid (C) and could be used as quality indicators. Eight chemical descriptors or key features from the FTIR spectra (selected by interval-PLS) could also be established as indicators of quality and freshness of Argan oils.
PubMed: 33592791
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122073 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021The effect of steam and oven procedures on liposoluble antioxidants of colored cauliflower (orange and purple) was assessed for the first time and compared with...
The effect of steam and oven procedures on liposoluble antioxidants of colored cauliflower (orange and purple) was assessed for the first time and compared with domestic practice (boiling). In raw samples, the total carotenoid content was 10-fold higher in than in (20.9 ± 2.1 vs. 2.3 ± 0.5 mg/kg dry weight), whereas the level of tocopherols was similar (28.5 ± 4.4 vs. 33 ± 5.2 mg/kg dry weight). The liposoluble antioxidant matter contained violaxanthin, neoxanthin, α-carotene and δ-tocopherol, not detected in . All tests increased the bioactive compounds extractability with steam oven and displaying similar effects, lower than boiling. In boiled cauliflower, the total carotenoids and tocopherols contents increased with cooking time until they were 13-fold and 6-fold more than in raw cauliflower, respectively. Conversely, in the variety, contents increased by half with respect to the orange variety. However, from a nutritional point of view, no differences were revealed among the three different cooking treatments in terms of vitamin A and E levels expressed in μg/100 g of fresh vegetable because of the higher water content of boiled samples that must be considered when evaluating the effect of thermal treatment on cauliflower nutritional traits.
PubMed: 33572861
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020196