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Journal of X-ray Science and Technology 2024Dental health issues are on the rise, necessitating prompt and precise diagnosis. Automated dental condition classification can support this need.
BACKGROUND
Dental health issues are on the rise, necessitating prompt and precise diagnosis. Automated dental condition classification can support this need.
OBJECTIVE
The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning methods and multimodal feature fusion techniques in advancing the field of automated dental condition classification.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
A dataset of 11,653 clinically sourced images representing six prevalent dental conditions-caries, calculus, gingivitis, tooth discoloration, ulcers, and hypodontia-was utilized. Features were extracted using five Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, then fused into a matrix. Classification models were constructed using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Naive Bayes classifiers. Evaluation metrics included accuracy, recall rate, precision, and Kappa index.
RESULTS
The SVM classifier integrated with feature fusion demonstrated superior performance with a Kappa index of 0.909 and accuracy of 0.925. This significantly surpassed individual CNN models such as EfficientNetB0, which achieved a Kappa of 0.814 and accuracy of 0.847.
CONCLUSIONS
The amalgamation of feature fusion with advanced machine learning algorithms can significantly bolster the precision and robustness of dental condition classification systems. Such a method presents a valuable tool for dental professionals, facilitating enhanced diagnostic accuracy and subsequently improved patient outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Deep Learning; Bayes Theorem; Neural Networks, Computer; Algorithms; Machine Learning; Support Vector Machine
PubMed: 38217632
DOI: 10.3233/XST-230271 -
Clinical Case Reports Jan 2024The manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis can be limited in the oral cavity, including gingival recession, tooth mobility, and bone destruction. Dentists play...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
The manifestations of Langerhans cell histiocytosis can be limited in the oral cavity, including gingival recession, tooth mobility, and bone destruction. Dentists play a crucial role in the early detection and management of these oral symptoms, which can significantly impact the overall prognosis and quality of life for patients with this serious disease.
ABSTRACT
The hyperplastic activity of bone marrow can lead to excessive histocyte proliferation, called Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Based on the accumulation location, it has various organ involvement, including skin, bone, and so forth. Oral manifestations such as tooth involvement, bone lesions, mucosal ulcers, and periodontal problems can occur, and they might be the only manifestation of LCH. A subtle diagnosis is crucial and can be started with dental examinations. A 5-year-old girl was examined with the chief complaint of gingival recession with no pain, caries, or calculus. The clinical and radiographical assessment led to further immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations. The diagnosis was LCH based on S-100 and cluster of differentiation 1a (CD1a) markers. LCH can involve different cells and tissues locally or generally. The early detection and treatment of LCH increase children's survival rate and quality of future life. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is important among dentists. They must consider that abnormal mobility, gingival, or periodontal problems with no logical cause might warn about a latent problem. Sometimes extraction of loose teeth is not the end of treatment; it is the start of neglecting a serious disease.
PubMed: 38213932
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8410 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jan 2024Stage IV grade C localized periodontitis (pre-puberal localized aggressive periodontitis/LPP) is a rare form of inflammatory periodontal disease occurring in clinically...
Case Report of a 4-Year-Old Girl with Stage IV Grade C Localized Periodontitis (Pre-Puberal Localized Aggressive Periodontitis) Affected by Misrecognition and Late Diagnosis.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Stage IV grade C localized periodontitis (pre-puberal localized aggressive periodontitis/LPP) is a rare form of inflammatory periodontal disease occurring in clinically healthy individuals (no/small calculus/dental plaque traces), due a hyper-aggressive auto-immune response to high amounts of bacteria present in the oral cavity.
CASE PRESENTATION
This case report describes a 4-year-old Caucasian girl with localized gingival inflammation and advanced bone loss around the temporary lower left canine. The first diagnostic assumption was hypophosphatasia, and the patient was sent for further genetic and metabolic investigations (which turned out to be negative). The LPP diagnosis was made during the family's summer holidays due to her parents' concerns about persistent gingival inflammation and tooth mobility.
RESULTS
The diagnosis of LPP was supported by clinical oral examination results, earlier X-rays, earlier blood tests, and a periodontal bacterial test. The treatment was limited to avoid spreading inflammation to other teeth (via topical antibiotic treatment) due to our limited time frame, while the main problem of excessive amounts of periodontal bacteria in the oral cavity was not addressed. The tooth was eventually lost.
CONCLUSIONS
The ability to early recognize radiological and clinical LPP signs correlated with understanding of its pathological auto-immune mechanism is extremely important for expanding treatment options, since bone preservation and reducing amounts of bacteria are strictly correlated with therapeutic speed.
PubMed: 38202275
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010266 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2024This randomized crossover trial evaluated periodontal indexes of two types of 3 x 3 retainers (a modified 0.032-in SS V-loop retainer and a conventional 0.0215-in SS... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This randomized crossover trial evaluated periodontal indexes of two types of 3 x 3 retainers (a modified 0.032-in SS V-loop retainer and a conventional 0.0215-in SS coaxial wire retainer) after bonded for six months. Also, bonded failure rate, and a questionnaire about comfort, ease of cleaning and overall preference were recorded.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
15 patients were enrolled in this study who used both retainers for six months each, having a 15-day wash-out interval between each bonded retainer usage. The following periodontal index were recorded: Plaque Index (PI), Calculus Index (CI) and Gingival Index (GI). Patients answered a questionnaire to assess comfort, ease of cleaning and overall retainer-type preference. Rate of bonding failure was also evaluated.
RESULTS
V-Loop retainer showed higher PI (P<0.05) as compared to conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire retainer. However, CI and GI presented no statistically significant differences between both types of retainers. The conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire retainer was chosen as the most comfortable (p<0.05), although no statistically significant differences were found for all other questionnaire answers. Bonding failure events were more observed in the 3x3 V-Loop retainer (p<0.002), as compared to the conventional 0.0215-in coaxial retainer.
CONCLUSION
V-Loop retainer showed higher PI (p<0.05), higher bonding failure rate and less comfortable, as compared to conventional 0.0215-in coaxial wire.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Over Studies; Periodontal Index; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Records
PubMed: 38198390
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.6.e2323175.oar -
Brazilian Oral Research 2024This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and extent of bleeding on probing and calculus in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador, and evaluate the associated...
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and extent of bleeding on probing and calculus in 12-year-old schoolchildren of Quito, Ecuador, and evaluate the associated factors. We conducted an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of 1,100 12-year-old schoolchildren from public schools in the urban area of Quito, Ecuador. We assessed the periodontal health using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The prevalence and extent of the periodontal condition was based on the presence of at least one site with bleeding on probing (BOP), and the presence of dental calculus was also evaluated. We used univariate and multiple multilevel Poisson regression analyses to verify the association between the independent variables and the number of sextants with BOP and calculus. The prevalence of BOP and calculus was 92% and 69.9%, respectively. The adjusted mean of the affected sextants was 4.3 and 2.2 for BOP and calculus, respectively. The mother's schooling and malocclusion were associated with the number of sextants with bleeding. The mother's schooling and dental caries experience were associated with calculus. Gingival bleeding and the presence of dental calculus are highly prevalent in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Quito. Gingival bleeding is associated with maternal education and malocclusion, and dental calculus is associated with maternal education and dental caries.
Topics: Humans; Child; Ecuador; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Gingival Hemorrhage; Malocclusion
PubMed: 38198302
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0002 -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 2023To evaluate the oral health status and denture treatment needs of a group of outpatients with schizophrenia.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the oral health status and denture treatment needs of a group of outpatients with schizophrenia.
METHODS
One hundred and eighty-eight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were evaluated. Socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, alcohol consumption, smoking status, oral hygiene attitudes, medical status, medications and the data related to dental visit were obtained via structured questionnaire of 45 questions. Medication information were confirmed from hospital records. The DMFT score (the Total of decayed, missing and filled teeth), denture status, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment (CPITN) and attachment loss were recorded in accordance with the criteria defined by the WHO.
RESULTS
The mean DMFT score was 11.1±8.6. Total number of teeth decreased, while the number of decayed teeth and DMFT scores increased with age (p<0.001). There was no relationship between the anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics and the teeth count, number of decayed, filled and missing teeth, and the DMFT scores. The CPITN assessment revealed that 71.6% of the patients had healthy periodontium, 7.4% exhibited gingival bleeding upon probing, and 21% had dental calculus. Psychotropic medication and tooth brushing habits were associated with CPITN scores. Male sex was associated with higher frequency of denture need (p<0.001), while no association was observed with the education level and antipsychotic use (p>0.001).
CONCLUSION
Physicians and dentists have to work in coordination to maintain good oral health of patients with schizophrenia. Patients should be encouraged for regular dental check-ups and dentist should take utmost care of the oral hygiene maintenance.
Topics: Humans; Male; Oral Health; Schizophrenia; Outpatients; Turkey; Tooth Loss; Antipsychotic Agents
PubMed: 38173327
DOI: 10.5080/u27364 -
The Japanese Dental Science Review Dec 2024Lasers have numerous advantageous tissue interactions such as ablation or vaporization, hemostasis, bacterial killing, as well as biological effects, which induce... (Review)
Review
Lasers have numerous advantageous tissue interactions such as ablation or vaporization, hemostasis, bacterial killing, as well as biological effects, which induce various beneficial therapeutic effects and biological responses in the tissues. Thus, lasers are considered an effective and suitable device for treating a variety of inflammatory and infectious conditions of periodontal disease. Among various laser systems, the Er:YAG laser, which can be effectively and safely used in both soft and hard tissues with minimal thermal side effects, has been attracting much attention in periodontal therapy. This laser can effectively and precisely debride the diseased root surface including calculus removal, ablate diseased connective tissues within the bone defects, and stimulate the irradiated surrounding periodontal tissues during surgery, resulting in favorable wound healing as well as regeneration of periodontal tissues. The safe and effective performance of Er:YAG laser-assisted periodontal surgery has been reported with comparable and occasionally superior clinical outcomes compared to conventional surgery. This article explains the characteristics of the Er:YAG laser and introduces its applications in periodontal surgery including conventional flap surgery, regenerative surgery, and flapless surgery, based on scientific evidence from currently available basic and clinical studies as well as cases reports.
PubMed: 38148873
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.11.002 -
Preventive Medicine Reports Dec 2023Oral health status can be affected by some factors including drug abuse, systemic conditions and environmental pollutants. The present study was designed to investigate...
Oral health status can be affected by some factors including drug abuse, systemic conditions and environmental pollutants. The present study was designed to investigate the most important and prevalent dental and oral conditions in adult population of Rafsanjan with the age of 35-70 years. Dental and oral health cohort center as part of the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) included in the prospective epidemiological research studies in IrAN was established in 2015. Of 9991 subjects enrolled in the RCS, 8682 people participated in the Oral Health Branch of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (OHBRCS). The OHBRCS included 4021 men and 4661 women with the mean age of 49.94 ± 9.51. The most prevalent of oral lesion in total population was candidiasis and the least was aphthous lesion. The prevalence of candidiasis, white and red lesions, periodontal pocket, dental calculus, CAL and the mean of DMFT were higher in the male group than that of female group (p < 0.05). Candidiasis, herpes, oral cancer, white and red lesions were more prevalent in the older age groups (p < 0.05). The mean of DMFT index in total population was 21.30 and was higher among opium users, men and older age (p < 0.05). Also, the opium users had a higher rate of CAL, periodontal pocket, red and white lesions, and candidiasis but a lower rate of BOP (p < 0.05). Younger people had more decayed and filling teeth compared to other age groups, whereas older people had more missing teeth and a higher DMFT index (p < 0.001).
PubMed: 38116261
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102513 -
Prevalence, and Risk Indicators of Coronal and Root Caries in Mexican Older Adults in Nursing Homes.Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2023Several factors are associated with coronal and root caries in older persons. The purpose of this study was to determine the experience, prevalence, and risk indicators...
BACKGROUND
Several factors are associated with coronal and root caries in older persons. The purpose of this study was to determine the experience, prevalence, and risk indicators (socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and dental variables) of coronal and root caries in older persons residing in nursing homes in Mexico.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out in 227 dentate participants with natural teeth. Convenience sample, where all dentate residents were invited to participate. The dependent variables were coronal caries and root caries, which were determined through an oral clinical examination. The independent variables were sociodemographic factors, location, type of center, surfaces free of dental biofilm and calculus, surfaces with recession, retainers in contact with surfaces with recession, xerostomia, smoking, and the previous use of dental services. The binary logistic regression model was used in the analysis.
RESULTS
The mean age of the participants in this study was 77.7±8.8 years, and 69.2% were women. Moreover, 71.8% live in long-term care facilities, and 48.0% live in Mexico City. The prevalence of coronal and root caries was found to be 67.8% and 50.7%, respectively. Being male and living in Mexico City were risk indicators for coronal caries, and with a 1% increase in surfaces with no biofilm, the risk decreased by 2%. Being widowed, having government or no social security, denture retainers, and coronal caries were risk indicators for root caries, while the utilization of dental services indicated lower risk.
CONCLUSION
Several variables that differ in nature were found to be risk indicators for coronal and root caries. Coronal caries increases the risk of root caries. Prevention should be aimed at identifying persons at higher risk, and dental care should be improved for persons living in long-term care institutions.
PubMed: 38107875
DOI: 10.2147/CCIDE.S439342