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International Journal of Dental Hygiene Jun 2024Professional oral hygiene is essential to prevent peri-implant disease. Appropriate instruments should be employed for implant-supported restorations: they should... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Professional oral hygiene is essential to prevent peri-implant disease. Appropriate instruments should be employed for implant-supported restorations: they should effectively remove deposits without damaging dental implant surface. The aim of the present systematic review is to investigate the efficacy and safety of erythritol air-polishing in implant-supported rehabilitations, compared to alternative hygienic techniques.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The guidelines reported in the indications of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) were employed for this systematic review. The focused question was: 'what is the effect of erythritol air-polishing on dental implant surfaces regarding its cleansing efficacy and/or safety?' The final online search was conducted on 13 August 2023; MEDLINE-PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were employed. Comparative in vitro or in vivo original studies were included.
RESULTS
The initial database search yielded 128 entries; the final selection comprised 15 articles. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NOS), the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, GRADE method. Ultrasonic scaling with PEEK tips, glycine air-polishing and cold atmospheric plasma were the devices most frequently compared to erythritol powder in the included studies. Erythritol air-polishing appeared to be significantly more effective in reducing biofilm compared to other treatments, without causing any significant damage to the implant surface and peri-implant tissues, promoting a good biological response.
CONCLUSION
Erythritol air-polishing showed promising results for professional oral hygiene in implant-supported restorations. According to this systematic review, it is effective and safe for removing biofilm from titanium dental implants.
PubMed: 38825804
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12836 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The formation of white spots, which represent early carious lesions, is a major issue with fixed orthodontics. The addition of remineralizing agents to orthodontic...
Investigation of mechanical properties, remineralization, antibacterial effect, and cellular toxicity of composite orthodontic adhesive combined with silver-containing nanostructured bioactive glass.
BACKGROUND
The formation of white spots, which represent early carious lesions, is a major issue with fixed orthodontics. The addition of remineralizing agents to orthodontic adhesives may prevent the formation of white spots. The aim of this study was to produce a composite orthodontic adhesive combined with nano-bioactive glass-silver (nBG@Ag) for bracket bonding to enamel and to investigate its cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, remineralization capability, and bond strength.
METHODS
nBG@Ag was synthesized using the sol-gel method, and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with an attenuated total reflectance attachment (ATR-FTIR). The cytotoxicity test (MTT) and antimicrobial activity of adhesives containing 1%, 3%, and 5% (wt/wt) nBG@Ag were evaluated, and the shear bond strength of the adhesives was measured using a universal testing machine. Remineralization was assessed through microhardness testing with a Vickers microhardness tester and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses were conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene test, one-way ANOVA, Robust-Welch test, Tukey HSD method, and two-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
The biocompatibility of the adhesives was found to be high, as confirmed by the lack of significant differences in the cytotoxicity between the sample and control groups. Discs made from composites containing nBG@Ag exhibited a significant reduction in the growth of Streptococcus mutans (p < 0.05), and the antibacterial activity increased with higher percentages of nBG@Ag. The shear bond strength of the adhesives decreased significantly (p < 0.001) after the addition of nanoparticles, but it remained above the recommended value. The addition of nBG@Ag showed improvement in the microhardness of the teeth, although the differences in microhardness between the study groups were not statistically significant. The formation of hydroxyapatite deposits on the tooth surface was confirmed through SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
CONCLUSION
Adding nBG@Ag to orthodontic adhesives can be an effective approach to enhance antimicrobial activity and reduce enamel demineralization around the orthodontic brackets, without compromising biocompatibility and bond strength.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Silver; Tooth Remineralization; Orthodontic Brackets; Dental Cements; Materials Testing; Nanostructures; Streptococcus mutans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction; Glass; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Ceramics; Humans; Composite Resins; Shear Strength; Hardness; Dental Bonding; Dental Enamel
PubMed: 38824555
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04402-7 -
Scientific Reports May 2024This longitudinal survey aims to demonstrate improvement in oral hygiene among a group of youth with visual impairment (VI) achieved by repeated oral hygiene training,...
This longitudinal survey aims to demonstrate improvement in oral hygiene among a group of youth with visual impairment (VI) achieved by repeated oral hygiene training, compare their progress with healthy peers (CG) and assess their oral health knowledge. In 100 VI (55♀, 45♂; ± 17.8 years) and 45 CG (23♀, 22♂; ± 17.2 years) oral hygiene training and a Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (QHI) rating were repeated six times at three-month intervals. The VI were divided into four subgroups according to the toothbrush hardness/type. A questionnaire was given to both groups. Appropriate statistical analyses were performed at 5% significance level. Both groups showed reduction in QHI, the VI had overall higher QHI values than CG. Use of an electric toothbrush in VI led to lower QHI in the last examination (p < 0.03). 69% of participants recommended dental specialists to improve communications by acquiring more illustrative aids. VI changed toothbrush less often (p < 0.02). A higher incidence of dental plaque was confirmed in VI compared to CG. After education and individual training, gradual plaque reduction has occurred in both groups. Using an electric toothbrush in VI resulted in better QHI outcomes. Repetitive preventive intervention in youth with VI helped them to adopt healthier oral hygiene habits.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Female; Male; Longitudinal Studies; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Vision Disorders; Toothbrushing; Child; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
PubMed: 38806599
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62443-y -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024This study aimed to explore the effects of removable aligners and fixed appliances on the supragingival bacterial communities in adult female patients undergoing... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparative characterization of supragingival plaque microbiomes in malocclusion adult female patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with removable aligners or fixed appliances: a descriptive cross-sectional study.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to explore the effects of removable aligners and fixed appliances on the supragingival bacterial communities in adult female patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
METHODS
Supragingival plaque samples from 48 female individuals underwent microbiome analysis (16S rRNA gene sequencing) using PacBio Sequel sequencing. The study included 13 adults without orthodontic treatment needs as the control group (Group C), and 35 patients with comparable initial orthodontic conditions who received treatment at a university clinic in Beijing, China. The treatment involved either traditional fixed brackets (Group B, n = 17) or Invisalign aligners (Group AT, n = 18). Bioinformatics methods were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
From the 48 plaque samples, a total of 334,961 valid reads were obtained, averaging 6,978 sequences per sample. The 16S rDNA sequences were classified into 25,727 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Significant variances in alpha and beta diversity among the groups were noted. Group B microbiome exhibited an increased presence of Gram-negative bacteria. At the phylum level, was significantly more prevalent in Group C samples, while was enriched in Group B samples. Family-level relative abundance analysis showed a notable increase in (formerly TM7) and in Group B. Genus-level analysis revealed a significant rise in in Group AT. Fixed orthodontic appliances were linked to oral microbiome changes, notably an enhanced relative abundance of anaerobes, including periodontal pathogens.
CONCLUSION
The observation points to the impact of orthodontic appliance on the oral microbial community, highlighting the difference between traditional braces (Group B) and clear aligners (Group AT)in terms of the predominance of anaerobic and gram negative bacteria. This emphasizes the importance of considering the microbiological effects when choosing orthodontic appliance and underscores the need for tailored oral hygiene practices for individuals undergoing these treatments. This research might provide insights that could assist in the development of innovative cleaning techniques and antibacterial materials.
Topics: Humans; Female; Microbiota; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Dental Plaque; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Young Adult; Malocclusion; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; China; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable
PubMed: 38803569
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1350181 -
Scientific Reports May 2024This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of microcurrent-emitting toothbrushes (MCTs) and ordinary toothbrushes in reducing the dental plaque index (PI) and dental... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of microcurrent-emitting toothbrushes (MCTs) and ordinary toothbrushes in reducing the dental plaque index (PI) and dental caries activity among orthodontic patients. The evaluation was performed using a crossover study design involving 22 orthodontic patients randomly assigned to the MCT or ordinary toothbrush groups. The participants used the designated toothbrush for 4 weeks and had a 1-week wash-out time before crossover to the other toothbrush. PI (Attin's index) and dental caries activity were measured at baseline and at the end of each 4-week period. Additionally, patients completed questionnaires to assess patient satisfaction for "freshness in mouth" and "cleansing degree." The results showed that the MCT group had a significant reduction in PI (p = 0.009), whereas the ordinary toothbrush group did not (p = 0.595). There was no significant difference in the dental caries activity between the two groups (p > 0.05). Patient satisfaction assessment revealed that 65% patients in the MCT group had more than "fair" experience of freshness, in contrast to 50% of patients in the ordinary toothbrush group. Satisfaction with cleansing degree was similar in both groups. Overall, these findings suggest that MCTs are more effective in reducing dental PI than ordinary toothbrushes.
Topics: Humans; Toothbrushing; Dental Plaque; Female; Male; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Adolescent; Patient Satisfaction; Dental Caries; Young Adult; Adult; Dental Plaque Index
PubMed: 38802414
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60753-9 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Alveolar cleft (AC) is a common congenital defect in people with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is typically performed during adolescence,...
INTRODUCTION
Alveolar cleft (AC) is a common congenital defect in people with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is typically performed during adolescence, resulting in the fissure remaining in the mouth for a longer length of time. Patients with AC have a greater rate of oral diseases such as dental caries than the normal population, and the precise characteristics of the bacterial alterations caused by AC are unknown.
METHODS
We recruited a total of 87 subjects and collected dental plaque samples from AC adolescents (AAP), post-operative ABG adolescents (PAP), healthy control adolescents (CAP), AC young adults (AYP), post-operative ABG young adults (PYP), and healthy control young adults (CYP). The sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was performed.
RESULTS
The microbial composition of plaque from alveolar cleft patients differed significantly from age-matched healthy controls. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that AAP was enriched for , and , whereas AYP was enriched for , and . There were phenotypic differences in facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and oxidative stress tolerance between the AYP group with longer alveolar cleft and the healthy control group according to Bugbase phenotypic predictions. Alveolar bone grafting did not alter the functional phenotype of alveolar cleft patients but reduced the number of differential genera between alveolar cleft patients and healthy controls at both ages.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study systematically characterized the supragingival plaque microbiota of alveolar cleft patients, post-alveolar bone grafting patients, and matched healthy controls in two ages to gain a better understanding of plaque ecology and microbiology associated with alveolar clefts.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Cleft Palate; Adolescent; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Female; Male; Cleft Lip; Young Adult; Bacteria; Alveolar Bone Grafting; Adult
PubMed: 38800834
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1361206 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2024Calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs), referred to as nanobacteria (NB), are recognized to be associated with ectopic calcification. This study aims to isolate and culture...
OBJECTIVES
Calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs), referred to as nanobacteria (NB), are recognized to be associated with ectopic calcification. This study aims to isolate and culture CNPs from the dental plaque of patients with periodontal disease and investigate their possible role in unravelling the aetiology of periodontal disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Supragingival and subgingival plaques were sampled from 30 periodontitis patients for CNPs isolation and culture. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content changes were tracked over time. Positive samples underwent thorough morphological identification via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Alizarin red S (ARS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical composition of CNPs analysis involved calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content determination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
RESULTS
The subgingival plaque dental group exhibited a higher CNPs isolation rate at 36.67% (11/30) compared to the supragingival dental plaque group at 66.67% (20/30). ALP activity varied among the positive, negative and control groups. Morphological observation characterized the CNPs as round, oval, and ellipsoid particles with Ca deposits. Chemical analysis revealed the Ca/P ratio was 0.6753. Hydroxyl, methyl, carbonate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate were detected by FTIR; the main chemical components detected by XRD were hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate.
CONCLUSION
CNPs were found in periodontitis-related dental plaque and exhibited the potential to develop calcified structures resembling dental calculus. However, the potential involvement of ALP in CNPs formation requires deeper exploration, as does the precise nature of its role and the interrelation with periodontitis demand a further comprehensive investigation.
Topics: Humans; Calcifying Nanoparticles; Dental Plaque; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction; Alkaline Phosphatase; Phosphorus; Periodontitis; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Female; Adult; Calcium; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38798048
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.885 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2024: Tacrolimus is a macrolide lactone compound derived from the bacterium , widely known as an immunosuppressant. In basic research, the effects of tacrolimus on...
: Tacrolimus is a macrolide lactone compound derived from the bacterium , widely known as an immunosuppressant. In basic research, the effects of tacrolimus on osteogenic differentiation have been tested using mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, tacrolimus's effects on the cellular survival and osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids were investigated. : Concave microwells were used to form stem cell spheroids in the presence of tacrolimus at final concentrations of 0 μg/mL, 0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL. A microscope was used to test cellular vitality qualitatively, and an assay kit based on water-soluble tetrazolium salt was used to measure cellular viability quantitatively. Alkaline phosphatase activity and an anthraquinone dye test for measuring calcium deposits were used to assess osteogenic differentiation. To assess the expression of osteogenic differentiation, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and RNA sequencing were performed. : Spheroids across all concentrations maintained a relatively uniform and spherical shape. Cell viability assay indicated that tacrolimus, up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL, did not significantly impair cell viability within spheroids cultured in osteogenic media. The increase in calcium deposition, particularly at lower concentrations of tacrolimus, points toward an enhancement in osteogenic differentiation. There was an increase in COL1A1 expression across all tacrolimus concentrations, as evidenced by the elevated mean and median values, which may indicate enhanced osteogenic activity. : This study showed that tacrolimus does not significantly impact the viability of stem cell spheroids in osteogenic media, even at high concentrations. It also suggests that tacrolimus may enhance osteogenic differentiation, as indicated by increased calcium deposition and COL1A1 expression. These findings advance our understanding of tacrolimus's potential roles in tissue repair, regeneration, and stem cell-based therapeutic applications.
Topics: Tacrolimus; Osteogenesis; Spheroids, Cellular; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Humans; RNA, Messenger; Immunosuppressive Agents; Stem Cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
PubMed: 38792884
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050702 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of thioglycosides has already been established. This study investigates the effects of thioglycosides extracted from white... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of thioglycosides has already been established. This study investigates the effects of thioglycosides extracted from white mustard, specifically the "Bamberka" variety, in the context of oral hygiene. The aim of the study is to clarify an evidence-based link between the documented antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects attributed to thioglycosides and their practical application in oral care. A randomized, single-blinded (patient-blinded) clinical study was performed on 66 patients using mustard-based toothpaste for oral hygiene. The patients were examined at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. The values of the Approximal Plaque Index (API), the Plaque Index (PI), and Bleeding on probing (BOP) were taken into consideration. The results show a significant reduction in plaque accumulation, especially after 6 months of using mustard-based toothpaste in all examined parameters. This suggests that thioglycosides from mustard contribute to a considerable decrease in dental plaque accumulation, confirming their potential in natural oral care solutions, which is indicated in the main conclusions or interpretations.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Gingivitis; Thioglycosides; Single-Blind Method; Mustard Plant; Toothpastes; Plant Extracts; Oral Hygiene
PubMed: 38791329
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105290 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The most common type of periodontal disease is chronic periodontitis, an inflammatory condition caused by pathogenic bacteria in subgingival plaque. The aim of our study...
The most common type of periodontal disease is chronic periodontitis, an inflammatory condition caused by pathogenic bacteria in subgingival plaque. The aim of our study was the development of a real-time PCR test as a diagnostic tool for the detection and differentiation of five periodontopathogenic bacteria, , , , , and , in patients with periodontitis. We compared the results of our in-house method with the micro-IDent semiquantitative commercially available test based on the PCR hybridization method. DNA was isolated from subgingival plaque samples taken from 50 patients and then analyzed by both methods. Comparing the results of the two methods, they show a specificity of 100% for all bacteria. The sensitivity for was 97.5%, for 96.88%, and for 95.24%. The sensitivity for and was 100%. The Spearman correlation factor of two different measurements was 0.976 for , 0.967 for , 0.949 for , 0.966 for , and 0.917 for . In conclusion, the in-house real-time PCR method developed in our laboratory can provide information about relative amount of five bacterial species present in subgingival plaque in patients with periodontitis. It is likely that such a test could be used in dental diagnostics in assessing the efficacy of any treatment to reduce the bacterial burden.
Topics: Humans; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Treponema denticola; Male; Female; Tannerella forsythia; Sensitivity and Specificity; Prevotella intermedia; Middle Aged; Adult; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Bacteria
PubMed: 38791137
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105097